A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre 1994 et 2017 (31 études), cette étude analyse l'efficacité d'interventions destinées à améliorer la compréhension et l'utilisation des indices UV pour réduire le risque de cancer de la peau lié aux expositions solaires

Awareness, understanding, use, and impact of the UV index: A systematic review of over two decades of international research

Heckman, Carolyn J. ; Liang, Katherine ; Riley, Mary

The ultraviolet radiation index (UVI) was adopted internationally to raise awareness about and encourage the public to protect their skin from skin cancer. The current paper is a systematic review of over 20 years of research investigating awareness, comprehension, use, and impact of the UVI. Thirty-one studies were included from the USA, Canada, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and elsewhere. Awareness of the UVI varies by country, with samples from some countries demonstrating high awareness. [...]

Cet article présente les mécanismes impliqués dans la chimioprévention du cancer gastrique par éradication de la bactérie Helicobacter pylori

Chemoprevention of Gastric Cancer by H. pylori Eradication and its Underlying Mechanism

Kim, Nayoung

The cascade of gastric cancer, a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality, is multifactorial. Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection plays a major role in gastric cancer (GC), and there has been an accumulation of data regarding the chemopreventive effect of HP eradication. However, it remains unclear how HP infection causes GC and how HP eradication prevents GC. To clarify this issue, the following approaches were performed in this review article. First, how HP-induced atrophic gastritis [...]

Menée en Australie auprès de 2 996 participants, cette étude analyse l'association entre la concentration sanguine en 25-hydroxyvitamine D et le risque de cancer colorectal (547 cas), du sein (634 cas) ou de la prostate (824 cas)

Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and risk of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers: the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study

Heath, Alicia K. ; Hodge, Allison ; Ebeling, Peter R. ; Eyles, Darryl W ; Kvaskoff, David ; Buchanan, Daniel D. ; Giles, Graham G. ; Williamson, Elizabeth J. ; English, Dallas R.

Background : The role of vitamin D in cancer risk remains controversial and limited data exist on associations between vitamin D and subtypes of specific cancers. We investigated associations between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and risk of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers, including subtypes. Methods : A case-cohort study within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study included 547 colorectal, 634 breast, and 824 prostate cancers, and a sex-stratified random sample of [...]

Menée à partir des données portant sur 249 986 hommes âgés de plus de 40 ans entre 1990 et 2014, cette étude de cohorte rétrospective analyse l'association entre une utilisation de statines et de médicaments hypolipémiants autres que les statines, le risque de développer un cancer de la prostate et le risque de décès par la maladie

Prostate cancer incidence and mortality among men using statins and non-statin lipid-lowering medications

Van Rompay, Maria I. ; Solomon, Keith R. ; Nickel, J. Curtis ; Ranganathan, Gayatri ; Kantoff, Philip W. ; McKinlay, John B.

Background : Statins have demonstrated protection against aggressive/late-stage and/or lethal prostate cancer (PC), but prior studies are limited by small populations, short follow-up and unequal health-care access. Research has not demonstrated that non-statin lipid-lowering medications (NSLLMs) provide a similar benefit, which would support a cholesterol-based mechanism. We sought to rigorously test the hypothesis that cholesterol-lowering drugs affect PC incidence and severity. Methods : A [...]

Mené sur 1 121 patients bénéficiant d'une surveillance médicale par coloscopie (durée moyenne de suivi post-traitement : 55 mois), cet essai randomisé met en évidence l'absence d'effet d'une supplémentation en calcium et/ou en vitamine D sur le risque d'adénome colorectal

No Evidence for Post-Treatment Effects of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Risk of Colorectal Adenomas in a Randomized Trial

Calderwood, Audrey H. ; Baron, John A. ; Mott, Leila A. ; Ahnen, Dennis J. ; Bostick, Roberd M. ; Figueiredo, Jane C. ; Passarelli, Michael N. ; Rees, Judy R ; Robertson, Douglas J ; Barry, Elizabeth L

Vitamin D and calcium supplementation are postulated to have chemopreventive effects against colorectal neoplasia, yet in our previously-reported randomized trial, there was no overall efficacy of calcium and/or vitamin D3 against colorectal adenoma recurrence. It is possible vitamin D3 and calcium chemopreventive effects are not detectable until beyond the 3-5 year follow-up captured in that trial. Accordingly, we explored possible vitamin D and calcium effects on post-treatment [...]

Menée dans 3 régions d'Espagne auprès de 392 966 patients âgés d'au moins 16 ans sur la période 2008-2013, cette étude analyse, selon le sexe, les effets d'une loi anti-tabac sur la prévalence et l'incidence du tabagisme

Effect of the comprehensive smoke-free law on time trends in smoking behaviour in primary healthcare patients in Spain: a longitudinal observational study

Pons-Vigués, Mariona ; Rando-Matos, Yolanda ; Rodriguez-Blanco, Teresa ; Ballvé-Moreno, Josep Lluís ; Ripoll, Joana ; Llobera, Joan ; Morán, Julio ; López-Jiménez, Tomàs ; Violán-Fors, Concepción ; Bolibar, Bonaventura

Objective : This study aimed to analyse the impact of comprehensive smoke-free legislation (SFL) on the prevalence and incidence of adult smoking in primary healthcare (PHC) patients from three Spanish regions, overall and stratified by sex. Design : Longitudinal observational study conducted between 2008 and 2013.Setting 66 PHC teams in Catalonia, Navarre and the Balearic Islands (Spain). Participants : Population over 15 years of age assigned to PHC teams. Primary and secondary outcomes [...]

Cet article identifie au niveau mondial les facteurs de risque associés aux cancers de la tête et du cou, puis analyse l'effet des stratégies de prévention mises en place sur l'incidence de ces cancers

Head and neck cancer prevention: from primary prevention to impact of clinicians on reducing burden

Posner, Marshall ; Boffetta, Paolo ; Hashim, Dana ; Genden, Eric ; Hashibe, Mia

Survival from head and neck cancers (HNCs) of the lip, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx has increased by 10% over the past few decades. Little over half of patients who develop HNCs will survive beyond five years. Survival is lower for individuals in many countries where traditional risk factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and betel quid chewing are highly prevalent but tertiary healthcare center access is limited or unavailable. Early diagnosis of HNC is the most important [...]