Menée auprès de 4 423 adolescents âgés de 14 à 19 ans, cette étude identifie les différents moyens permettant aux jeunes de se procurer des cigarettes malgré les politiques de restriction dans 7 pays européens (Allemagne, Irlande, Belgique, Portugal, Pays-Bas, Finlande et Italie)

Youth access to cigarettes across seven European countries: a mixed-methods study

Nuyts, Paulien A W ; Hewer, Rebecca M F ; Kuipers, Mirte A G ; Lorant, Vincent ; Grard, Adeline ; Hill, Sarah ; Amos, Amanda ; SILNE-R consortium

Despite widespread age-of-sale restrictions on tobacco, adolescents continue to obtain cigarettes and experiment with smoking. This mixed-methods study aimed to understand how European adolescents access cigarettes and how the policy context may influence this process, using a realist evaluation approach. This is the first study to assess access to cigarettes across various European contexts.A survey of 4,104 students was combined with qualitative data from focus groups among 319 adolescents [...]

Mené sur 301 fumeuses ménopausées (durée de suivi : 1 an), cet essai randomisé évalue l'effet, sur le nombre de cigarettes fumées par jour, la durée d'abstinence et l'indice de masse corporelle, de l'ajout d'une activité physique modérée à un traitement d'aide au sevrage tabagique

Exercise for Smoking Cessation in Post-Menopausal Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Oncken, Cheryl ; Allen, Sharon ; Litt, Mark ; Kenny, Anne ; Lando, Harry ; Allen, Alicia ; Dornelas, Ellen

Postmenopausal smokers have difficulty quitting smoking and experience considerable weight gain with smoking cessation. We examined whether adjunctive smoking treatment with exercise, compared to a relaxation control condition, could improve cigarette abstinence, decrease cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) and ameliorate changes in body mass index (BMI) in postmenopausal smokers.Women (N=301) signed informed consent and were randomized to treatment at two sites (Universities of Connecticut and [...]

Menée à l'aide d'échantillons d'urine collectés auprès de 36 fumeurs de tabac utilisant également la cigarette électronique (28 hommes et 8 femmes), cette étude compare l'exposition à 10 composés organiques volatils toxiques en fonction du produit tabagique utilisé

Comparison of systemic exposure to toxic and/or carcinogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during vaping, smoking, and abstention

St.Helen, Gideon ; Liakoni, Evangelia ; Nardone, Natalie ; Addo, Newton ; Jacob, Peyton ; Benowitz, Neal L.

Comparisons of systemic exposure to toxicants during monitored cigarette smoking, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and abstention are needed to enhance our understanding of the risks of e-cigarette use (vaping). In a crossover study, we measured 10 mercapturic acid metabolites of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 24-h urine samples collected from 36 dual users (8 women) of e-cigarettes and cigarettes during two days of ad libitum vaping or cigarette-only use, and two days of enforced [...]

Menée auprès d'une cohorte européenne de 400 577 personnes (durée médiane de suivi : 15,7 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre la qualité du mode de vie, mesurée par un système de score prenant en compte des facteurs de santé (alimentation, consommation d'alcool, niveau d'activité physique, indice de masse corporelle, statut tabagique) et le risque de cancer du pancréas (1 113 cas)

Healthy lifestyle and the risk of pancreatic cancer in the EPIC study

Naudin, Sabine ; Viallon, Vivian ; Hashim, Dana ; Freisling, Heinz ; Jenab, Mazda ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Perrier, Flavie ; McKenzie, Fiona ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas ; Olsen, Anja ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Dahm, Christina C. ; Overvad, Kim ; Mancini, Francesca R. ; Rebours, Vinciane ; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine ; Katzke, Verena ; Kaaks, Rudolf ; Bergmann, Manuela ; Boeing, Heiner ; Peppa, Eleni ; Karakatsani, Anna ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Pala, Valeria ; Masala, Giovana ; Panico, Salvatore ; Tumino, Rosario ; Sacerdote, Carlotta ; May, Anne M. ; van Gils, Carla H. ; Rylander, Charlotta ; Borch, Kristin Benjaminsen ; Chirlaque López, María Dolores ; Sánchez, María-José ; Ardanaz, Eva ; Quirós, Jose Ramón ; Amiano Exezarreta, Pilar ; Sund, Malin ; Drake, Isabel ; Regner, Sara ; Travis, Ruth C. ; Wareham, Nick ; Aune, Dagfinn ; Riboli, Elio ; Gunter, Marc J. ; Duell, Eric J. ; Brennan, Paul ; Ferrari, Pietro

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly fatal cancer with currently limited opportunities for early detection and effective treatment. Modifiable factors may offer pathways for primary prevention. In this study, the association between the Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI) and PC risk was examined. Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, 1113 incident PC (57% women) were diagnosed from 400,577 participants followed-up for 15 years (median). HLI scores combined [...]

Menée sur la période 1987-2014 auprès de 2 979 hommes fumeurs ou ayant fumé (âge moyen : 59,1 ans ; durée moyenne de suivi : 11,6 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre la capacité respiratoire et le risque de cancer du poumon (99 cas) ou la mortalité par cancer (79 décès)

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Lung Cancer Incidence, and Cancer Mortality in Male Smokers

Vainshelboim, Baruch ; Lima, Ricardo M. ; Kokkinos, Peter ; Myers, Jonathan

Introduction : The preventive role of cardiorespiratory fitness in lung cancer among smokers is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and lung cancer incidence and cancer mortality in former and current male smokers. Methods : From 1987 to 2014, cardiorespiratory fitness (quantified from treadmill exercise testing) was assessed in 2,979 men (former smokers, n=1,602; current smokers, n=1,377) aged 59.1 (SD=17.4) years and prospectively followed up [...]

Menée in vitro et in vivo, cette étude analyse les mécanismes d'action de l'hydroxyméthylglutaryl-CoA réductase (HMGCR) et l'effet préventif de son inhibiteur, la fluvastatine, dans la tumorigenèse pulmonaire

Fluvastatin inhibits HMG-CoA reductase and prevents non-small cell lung carcinogenesis

Zhang, Tianshun ; Bai, Ruihua ; Wang, Qiushi ; Wang, Keke ; Li, Xiang ; Liu, Kangdong ; Ryu, Joohyun ; Wang, Ting ; Chang, Xiaoyu ; Ma, WeiYa ; Bode, Ann M. ; Xia, Qingxin ; Song, Yongping ; Dong, Zigang

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. However, promising agents for lung cancer prevention were still very limited. Identification of preventive targets and novel effective preventive agents is urgently needed for clinical applications. In the present study, we found that fluvastatin targeted 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGCR), which a rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, and inhibited non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 149 977 participants de l'essai "Prostate, Lung Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial" dont 74 366 témoins (âge : 55-74 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre un apport en calcium et la carcinogenèse colorectale, puis analyse l'effet du rapport calcium/magnésium sur cette association

Calcium: magnesium intake ratio and colorectal carcinogenesis, results from the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial

Zhao, Jing ; Giri, Ayush ; Zhu, Xiangzhu ; Shrubsole, Martha J. ; Jiang, Yixing ; Guo, Xingyi ; Ness, Reid ; Seidner, Douglas L. ; Giovannucci, Edward ; Edwards, Todd L. ; Dai, Qi

Background : We aimed to evaluate the associations between calcium and various stages of colorectal carcinogenesis and whether these associations are modified by the calcium to magnesium (Ca:Mg) ratio. Methods : We tested our hypotheses in the prostate lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial. Results : Calcium intake did not show a dose–response association with incident adenoma of any size/stage (P-trend = 0.17), but followed an inverse trend when restricted to synchronous/advanced [...]

Menée à partir des données des cohortes "the Nurses’ Health Study", "the Nurses’ Health Study II" et "the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study" portant sur 230 232 femmes et 50 223 hommes (durée de suivi : 4 430 700 personnes-années), cette étude analyse l'association entre une utilisation de statines, une hyperlipidémie et le risque de gliome (483 cas)

Statin use, hyperlipidemia, and risk of glioma

Cote, David J. ; Rosner, Bernard A. ; Smith-Warner, Stephanie A. ; Egan, Kathleen M. ; Stampfer, Meir J.

Background : Statins have previously been shown to have protective effects for other cancers, but no prospective studies of statin use and glioma have been conducted. Methods : We evaluated the association between statin use and risk of glioma in the female Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, n = 114,419) and Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII, n = 115,813) and the male Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, n = 50,223). Glioma cases were confirmed by medical record review. Age and [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis sur la période 2004-2012 à l'aide d'échantillons anaux prélevés annuellement chez 309 hommes infectés par le VIH (âge médian : 42 ans ; durée médiane de suivi : 59-60 mois), cette étude estime l'incidence et l'élimination naturelle de 9 types de papillomavirus humain (HPV) couverts par les vaccins actuels, puis analyse l'association entre la présence d'une infection par le HPV et une cytologie anormale

Prevalence, Incidence, and Clearance of Human Papillomavirus Types Covered by Current Vaccines in Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the SUN Study

Patel, Pragna ; Bush, Tim ; Conley, Lois ; Unger, Elizabeth R ; Darragh, Teresa M ; Henry, Keith ; Escota, Gerome ; Brooks, John T ; Kojic, Erna Milunka

High-risk anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is prevalent among men living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); the association between 9-valent (9v) high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) vaccine types and abnormal cytology has not been well characterized.We followed a prospective cohort study of persons with HIV at 7 HIV clinics in 4 US cities from March 2004 through June 2012. Annually, providers collected separate anal swabs for HPV detection and cytopathologic examination. Among men, we [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis sur la période 2011-2014 à l'aide d'un modèle mathématique, cette étude estime, pour la population américaine (environ 249,4 millions de personnes), le rapport coût-efficacité de la mise en œuvre de taxes et d'étiquettes d'avertissement visant à réduire la consommation de viandes transformées

Cost Effectiveness of Nutrition Policies on Processed Meat: Implications for Cancer Burden in the U.S

Kim, David D. ; Wilde, Parke E. ; Michaud, Dominique S. ; Liu, Junxiu ; Lizewski, Lauren ; Onopa, Jennifer ; Mozaffarian, Dariush ; Zhang, Fang Fang ; Wong, John B.

Introduction : Processed meats are associated with increased risk of colorectal and stomach cancers, but health and economic impacts of policies to discourage processed meats are not well established. This paper aims to evaluate the cost effectiveness of implementing tax and warning labels on processed meats. Methods : A probabilistic cohort-state transition model was developed in 2018, including lifetime and short-term horizons, healthcare, and societal perspectives, and 3% discount rates for [...]

Menée en France à l'aide d'un échantillon de 14 séries télévisées (8 françaises et 6 américaines), cette étude analyse la représentation de l'alcool dans ces programmes malgré les mesures visant à réglementer ou à interdire la publicité pour des produits alcoolisés, en particulier dans les médias destinés aux mineurs

Alcohol in TV series popular with teens: a content analysis of TV series in France 22 years after a restrictive law

Chapoton, Boris ; Werlen, Anne-Laure ; Regnier Denois, Véronique

European citizens are the largest alcohol users in the world with an average of 11 l of alcohol per individual per year being used. This consumption practice usually begins during adolescence. Youths’ views of substances consumption are built upon socialization experiments from which television takes part. To prevent vulnerable people from media influence, some governments tend to adopt restrictive laws against alcohol marketing within the public space including TV programmes; others rely on [...]