Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de 3 vagues d'enquêtes réalisées entre 2013 et 2016 auprès d'un échantillon de 6 123 adolescents (âge médian : 13,4 ans, durée de suivi : 2 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique et l'initiation tabagique ou la consommation ultérieure de cigarettes

Association of Electronic Cigarette Use With Subsequent Initiation of Tobacco Cigarettes in US Youths

Berry, Kaitlyn M. ; Fetterman, Jessica L. ; Benjamin, Emelia J. ; Bhatnagar, Aruni ; Barrington-Trimis, Jessica L. ; Leventhal, Adam M. ; Stokes, Andrew

Importance: The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and other noncigarette tobacco products may increase the odds of cigarette initiation, even among low-risk youths. Objective: To evaluate the associations of prior e-cigarette use and other tobacco product use with subsequent cigarette initiation within 2 years of follow-up. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this prospective cohort study, data from waves 1 through 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir des données d'enquêtes nationales réalisées sur la période 2016-2017 auprès de 9 935 fumeurs et 14 754 anciens fumeurs, cette étude analyse l'association entre la fréquence d'utilisation de la cigarette électronique et la durée du sevrage tabagique

E-cigarettes and smoking cessation in the United States according to frequency of e-cigarette use and quitting duration: analysis of the 2016 and 2017 National Health Interview Surveys

Farsalinos, Konstantinos ; Niaura, Raymond

Introduction: The study purpose was to examine the association between electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and smoking cessation among United States (US) adults. Duration of smoking cessation was taken into consideration since e-cigarette awareness and use were low in the US before 2010. Methods: Pooled analysis of the 2016 and 2017 National Health Interview Surveys on current (N=9935) and former smokers (N=14754) was performed. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs), adjusted for [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de 2 vagues d'enquêtes réalisées entre 2013 et 2015 auprès d'un échantillon de 5 156 adolescents âgés de 12 à 17 ans, cette étude analyse l'association entre leur attirance pour la cigarette électronique et le risque d'utiliser ce produit ou d'autres substances (tabac, marijuana ou alcool)

Is susceptibility to E-cigarettes among youth associated with tobacco and other substance use behaviors one year later? Results from the PATH study

Nicksic, Nicole E. ; Barnes, Andrew J.

E-cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among youth. In addition to harm potential, e-cigarette use is associated with initiating cigarette smoking. Limited research exists whether susceptibility to e-cigarette use is a risk factor for future tobacco and other substance use initiation. This study examined associations between baseline e-cigarette susceptibility and initiation and past 30-day use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes as well as initiation of marijuana and alcohol one [...]

Cet article présente l'évolution, sur la période 2014-2017, des pratiques tabagiques et de l’utilisation de la cigarette électronique chez les patients atteints d'un cancer aux Etats-Unis

Trends in Smoking and e-Cigarette Use Among US Patients With Cancer, 2014-2017

Sanford, Nina N. ; Sher, David J. ; Xu, Xiaohan ; Aizer, Ayal A. ; Mahal, Brandon A.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become increasingly popular in the United States and are advertised as a potentially safe and useful method of smoking cessation, despite unknown long-term health sequelae. Individuals with cancer are particularly sensitive to the harms of active smoking, thus smoking cessation is a critical component of cancer survivorship. However, the patterns and implications of e-cigarette use in patients with cancer are not well known. Therefore, we examined [...]

Menée en Chine à partir des données de 3 cohortes incluant au total 101 208 adultes, cette étude analyse l'association entre 6 facteurs liés à un mode de vie sain (absence de tabagisme, faible consommation d'alcool, grande consommation de fruits et légumes, ...) et le risque de cancer en fonction du sexe

Impact of healthy lifestyles on cancer risk in the Chinese population

Wang, Xinyan ; Yang, Xueli ; Li, Jianxin ; Liu, Fangchao ; Chen, Jichun ; Liu, Xiaoqing ; Cao, Jie ; Shen, Chong ; Yu, Ling ; Lu, Fanghong ; Wu, Xianping ; Zhao, Liancheng ; Wu, Xigui ; Li, Ying ; Hu, Dongsheng ; Huang, Jianfeng ; Lu, Xiangfeng ; Gu, Dongfeng

Background: Although cancer has become one of the leading health burdens, to the authors’ knowledge, evidence regarding its relationship with a healthy lifestyle in the Chinese population remains limited. Methods: The authors evaluated the association between clustering of healthy lifestyle factors and cancer risk using 3 prospective cohort studies with 101,208 Chinese adults from the general population. Hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidential intervals (95% CIs) related to [...]

Menée en Australie à partir d'une modélisation, cette étude estime, en fonction du niveau de réduction de la consommation d'alcool, la proportion de cancers évitables sur la période 2013-2037

The impact of reducing alcohol consumption in Australia: an estimate of the proportion of potentially avoidable cancers 2013-2037

Wilson, Louise F. ; Baade, Peter D. ; Green, Adèle C. ; Jordan, Susan J. ; Kendall, Bradley J. ; Neale, Rachel E. ; Olsen, Catherine M. ; Youlden, Danny R. ; Webb, Penelope M. ; Whiteman, David C.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer first concluded that alcohol causes cancer in humans in 1988. The World Cancer Research Fund has declared that alcohol causes cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus (squamous cell carcinoma), female breast, colon, rectum, stomach and liver. It recommended that alcohol be avoided altogether to prevent cancer. We aimed to quantify the impact of reducing alcohol consumption on future cancer incidence in Australia. We used PREVENT 3.01 [...]

Menée en Norvège en 2017 par enquêtes en ligne auprès d'un échantillon de 569 participants, cette étude analyse leurs perceptions vis-à-vis du bronzage au soleil et les facteurs influençant leurs comportements de santé

Beliefs, attitudes and perceptions to sun-tanning behaviour in the Norwegian population: a cross-sectional study using the health belief model

Støle, Hanne Stavenes ; Nilsen, Lill Tove Norvang ; Joranger, Pål

Background: Norway has one of the highest incidences of melanoma in the world. It has been suggested that the majority of all skin cancers could be prevented by changes related to sun-tanning behaviour. This study explores the sun-tanning behaviour of the Norwegian population using a modified Health Belief Model (HBM). Increased knowledge about beliefs, attitudes and sun-tanning behaviour can provide information which may be useful for future sun protection interventions. Methods: In 2017, 1004 [...]

Menée à partir de modélisations, cette étude évalue pour 5 pays (Royaume-Uni, France, Finlande, Italie et Suède) l'effet sur la santé de régimes alimentaires respectant les recommandations nutritionnelles et limitant les émissions de gaz à effet de serre

Modelling the health co-benefits of sustainable diets in the UK, France, Finland, Italy and Sweden

Cobiac, Linda J. ; Scarborough, Peter

Background/Objectives: It is not known if diets lower in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are also healthier. We evaluated the population health implications of changing to more sustainable diets in the UK, France, Finland, Italy and Sweden. Subjects/Methods: We developed a life table model to simulate mortality and morbidity from diet-related diseases over the lifetime of the current population. Populating the model with locally available data for each country, we simulated the impact of [...]

Menée in vitro et in vivo, cette étude évalue la toxicité et l'efficacité d'analogues pyrimidinyl de deux rexinoïdes, le bexarotène (Bex) et le LG100268 (LG268), dans la prévention du cancer du poumon

Testing Novel Pyrimidinyl Rexinoids: A New Paradigm for Evaluating Rexinoids for Cancer Prevention

Zhang, Di ; Leal, Ana S. ; Carapellucci, Sarah ; Shahani, Pritika H. ; Bhogal, Jaskaran S. ; Ibrahim, Samir ; Raban, San ; Jurutka, Peter W. ; Marshall, Pamela A. ; Sporn, Michael B. ; Wagner, Carl E. ; Liby, Karen T.

Rexinoids, selective ligands for retinoid X receptors (RXRs), have shown promise in preventing many types of cancer. However, the limited efficacy and undesirable lipidemic side-effects of the only clinically approved rexinoid, bexarotene, drive the search for new and better rexinoids. Here we report the evaluation of novel pyrimidinyl (Py) analogs of two known chemopreventive rexinoids, bexarotene (Bex) and LG100268 (LG268) in a new paradigm. We show that these novel derivatives were more [...]

Menée à partir des données de 2 cohortes incluant au total 88 509 femmes et 47 740 hommes (durée de suivi : 32 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'apport de calcium et le risque de cancer colorectal, selon la densité intratumorale de lymphocytes T

Calcium intake and risk of colorectal cancer according to tumor infiltrating T cells

Yang, Wanshui ; Liu, Li ; Keum, NaNa ; Qian, Zhi Rong ; Nowak, Jonathan A. ; Hamada, Tsuyoshi ; Song, Mingyang ; Cao, Yin ; Nosho, Katsuhiko ; Smith-Warner, Stephanie A. ; Zhang, Sui ; Masugi, Yohei ; Ng, Kimmie ; Kosumi, Keisuke ; Ma, Yanan ; Garrett, Wendy S. ; Wang, Molin ; Nan, Hongmei ; Giannakis, Marios ; Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A. ; Chan, Andrew T. ; Fuchs, Charles S. ; Nishihara, Reiko ; Wu, Kana ; Giovannucci, Edward L. ; Ogino, Shuji ; Zhang, Xuehong

Calcium intake has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. Calcium signaling may enhance T cell proliferation and differentiation, and contribute to T-cell mediated antitumor immunity. In this prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between calcium intake and colorectal cancer risk according to tumor immunity status to provide additional insights into the role of calcium in colorectal carcinogenesis. The densities of tumour-infiltrating T-cell subsets (CD3+, [...]

Menée à l'aide de modèles murins de cancer du poumon, cette étude analyse les effets prophylactiques d'un vaccin à base d'exosomes dérivés de cellules souches embryonnaires murines qui ont été modifiées pour produire le facteur GM-CSF

Exosomes from GM-CSF expressing embryonic stem cells are an effective prophylactic vaccine for cancer prevention

Meng, Shuhan ; Whitt, Aaron G. ; Al Rayyan, Numan ; Richie, Jamaal ; Tu, Allison ; Eaton, John W. ; Li, Chi

The antigenic similarity between embryos and tumors has raised the idea of using embryonic material as a preventative vaccine against neoplastic disease. Indeed, we have previously reported that a vaccine comprises allogeneic murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and murine fibroblasts expressing GM-CSF (to amplify immune responses) successfully blocks the outgrowth of an implantable cancer (Lewis lung carcinoma; LLC) and lung tumors generated in mice using a combination of a mutagen followed by [...]

Cet article analyse l'intérêt de composés naturels régulateurs de l’autophagie dans la prévention et le traitement des cancers

Targeting autophagy using natural compounds for cancer prevention and therapy

Deng, Shuo ; Shanmugam, Muthu K. ; Kumar, Alan Prem ; Yap, Celestial T. ; Sethi, Gautam ; Bishayee, Anupam

Autophagy, also known as macroautophagy, is a tightly regulated process involved in the stress responses, such as starvation. It is a vacuolar, lysosomal pathway for the degradation of damaged proteins and organelles in eukaryotic cells. Autophagy also plays a key role in various tissue processes and immune responses and in the regulation of inflammation. Over the past decade, three levels of autophagy regulation have been identified in mammalian cells: 1) signaling, 2) autophagosome formation, [...]