Menée au Japon à partir de questionnaires auprès de 76 795 personnes âgées de 45 à 74 ans (durée de suivi : 15,1 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'activité physique et le risque de cancer du rein, de la vessie ou des voies urinaires supérieures

Physical activity and subsequent risk of kidney, bladder and upper urinary tract cancer in the Japanese population: the Japan Public Health Centre-based Prospective Study

Ihira, Hikaru ; Sawada, Norie ; Yamaji, Taiki ; Goto, Atsushi ; Shimazu, Taichi ; Inoue, Manami ; Iwasaki, Motoki ; Tsugane, Shoichiro ; for the Japan Public Health Centre-based Prospective Study, Group

Background : Although physical activity has been reported as a protective factor for kidney and bladder cancer in epidemiological studies, it is not clear. Methods : In a population-based prospective study of 76,795 Japanese aged 45–74 years, participants were evaluated physical activity by self-administered questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the risk of urological cancer were calculated by the Cox proportional hazards models. Results : During the 15.1-year [...]

Cet article passe en revue les modifications épigénétiques liées à l'alimentation et impliquées dans l'apparition de maladies telles que les cancers

Nutrigenomics: Epigenetics and cancer prevention: A comprehensive review

Bullo, Mir M. Hassan ; Ahmed, Zaheer ; Imtiaz, Aysha ; Yaqoob, Eesha ; Jadoon, Mahpara ; Ahmed, Hajra ; Afreen, Asma ; Yaqoob, Sanabil

Due to change in lifestyle and food habits, people are more at risk of diet-related diseases and cancers. It is also established that dietary modifications significantly reduce the risk of diseases. Nutrigenomics is relatively fresh discipline, but possess an enormous potential that can apply for prevention and management of certain carcinomas and diseases. This review enables us to generate useful information for scientists and health professionals regarding the role of Nutrigenomics in the [...]

Cet article analyse le rôle potentiel des inhibiteurs du facteur d'activation plaquettaire d'origine alimentaire dans la prévention et le traitement de certains cancers

The Potential Role of Dietary Platelet-Activating Factor Inhibitors in Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Tsoupras, Alexandros ; Zabetakis, Ioannis ; Lordan, Ronan

Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. The role of unresolved inflammation in cancer progression and metastasis is well established. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a key proinflammatory mediator in the initiation and progression of cancer. Evidence suggests that PAF is integral to suppression of the immune system and promotion of metastasis and tumor growth by altering local angiogenic and cytokine networks. Interactions between PAF and its receptor may have a role in [...]

Menée in silico, cette étude met en évidence la relation entre l'activation de la désacétylase SIRT1 et de p53, et les effets chimiopréventifs des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens

Inhibition of SIRT1 deacetylase and p53 activation uncouples the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive actions of NSAIDs

Dell’Omo, Giulia ; Crescenti, Daniela ; Vantaggiato, Cristina ; Parravicini, Chiara ; Borroni, Aurora Paola ; Rizzi, Nicoletta ; Garofalo, Mariangela ; Pinto, Andrea ; Recordati, Camilla ; Scanziani, Eugenio ; Bassi, Fabio Domenico ; Pruneri, Giancarlo ; Conti, Paola ; Eberini, Ivano ; Maggi, Adriana ; Ciana, Paolo

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been proposed as chemopreventive agents for many tumours; however, the mechanism responsible for their anti-neoplastic activity remains elusive and the side effects due to cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition prevent this clinical application. Methods: Molecular biology, in silico, cellular and in vivo tools, including innovative in vivo imaging and classical biochemical assays, were applied to identify and characterise the [...]

A partir des données d'une enquête réalisée en 2017 auprès d'un échantillon représentatif de la population américaine, cette étude analyse l'effet des mentions "bio" ou "sans additifs" sur la perception des dangers du tabac pour la santé des adultes, en fonction de critères sociodémographiques

Widespread belief that organic and additive-free tobacco products are less harmful than regular tobacco products: results from the 2017 US Health Information National Trends Survey

Pearson, Jennifer L ; Moran, Meghan ; Villanti, Andrea C ; Lewis, M Jane ; Delnevo, Cristine D

SIGNIFICANCE : U.S. smokers of Natural American Spirit, a brand marketed as “organic” and “additive-free,” are more likely than other cigarette smokers to believe that their brand might be less harmful than other brands. This paper: 1) describes the prevalence of belief that “organic” and “additive-free” tobacco is less harmful than regular tobacco products in the U.S. population; and, 2) describes the sociodemographic characteristics of adults who believe tobacco products with these [...]

Menée en 2017 par enquêtes en ligne auprès de 12 064 Anglais, Canadiens ou Américains âgés de 16 à 19 ans, cette étude analyse l'influence des informations concernant la cigarette électronique sur leurs perceptions et intentions vis-à-vis de ce produit

Youth and young adult exposure to and perceptions of news media coverage about e-cigarettes in the United States, Canada and England

Wackowski, Olivia A. ; Sontag, Jennah M. ; Hammond, David

News media coverage has the potential to shape awareness and perceptions of e-cigarettes, but little is known about youth and young adult exposure to e-cigarette news. We analyzed news exposure measures on Wave 1 of the ITC Youth Tobacco and E-cigarette Survey, conducted in Canada, England, and the U.S. Web-based surveys were completed by 16–19-year-olds in July/August 2017 (n = 12,064). The prevalence of exposure to e-cigarette news and its perceived valence is provided. Logistic regression [...]

Menée en Australie à partir de données portant sur 837 942 femmes (durée de suivi : 27 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre une hystérectomie sans oophorectomie et le risque de cancer de l'ovaire

The Association between hysterectomy and ovarian cancer risk: A population-based record-linkage study

Wilson, Louise F ; Tuesley, Karen ; Webb, Penelope M ; Jordan, Susan J ; Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C ; Stewart, Louise M

Methods : We followed the female adult Western Australian population (837,942 women) across a 27-year period using linked electoral, hospital, births, deaths, and cancer records. Surgery dates were determined from hospital records, and ovarian cancer diagnoses (n = 1,640) were ascertained from cancer registry records. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between hysterectomy and ovarian cancer incidence. Results : [...]