Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de données d'enquêtes 2015-2018 portant sur 17 711 collégiens ou lycéens, cette étude évalue l'exposition passive des adolescents aux aérosols des cigarettes électroniques puis analyse l'association entre cette exposition et la sensibilité au tabagisme chez les non fumeurs

Exposure to Secondhand Aerosol From Electronic Cigarettes Among US Youth From 2015 to 2018

Dai, Hongying

The prevalence of current electronic cigarette use among US high school students increased dramatically from 11.7% in 2017 to 20.8% in 2018. Exposure to secondhand aerosol (SHA) from e-cigarettes is not harmless, as e-cigarette aerosol contains nicotine and potentially harmful substances, including carbonyl compounds, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, heavy metals, and glycols. E-cigarette use may serve as a gateway to cigarette initiation, and e-cigarette makers have significantly increased their [...]

Menée en 2017 par enquête auprès de 13 057 citoyens européens âgés d'au moins 15 ans, cette étude analyse l'association entre une utilisation de la cigarette électronique et le sevrage tabagique, en fonction de la fréquence d'utilisation

Association between electronic cigarette use and smoking cessation in the European Union in 2017: analysis of a representative sample of 13 057 Europeans from 28 countries

Farsalinos, Konstantinos E ; Barbouni, Anastasia

Objectives: To examine the association between electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and smoking cessation in the European Union (EU) in 2017 according to e-cigarette use frequency and smoking cessation duration. Design: Cross-sectional survey of EU citizens, representative of the population (Special Eurobarometer 458). Weighted proportions (95% CI) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were calculated. Setting: EU. Participants: 13 057 EU citizens aged ≥15 years (6904 current and 6153 former [...]

Cet article analyse l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique chez les jeunes ces dernières années aux Etats-Unis, évalue les effets sanitaires de cette utilisation et décrit les réponses réglementaires de santé publique

E-cigarettes and youth: Patterns of use, potential harms, and recommendations

Singh, Sareen ; Windle, Sarah B. ; Filion, Kristian B. ; Thombs, Brett D. ; O'Loughlin, Jennifer L. ; Grad, Roland ; Eisenberg, Mark J.

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has risen to unprecedented levels among youth in the United States. In this review, we discuss the patterns of use underlying the current youth vaping epidemic, potential harms from e-cigarette use, and the regulatory, public health, and clinical responses to e-cigarette use among youth. Between 2017 and 2018, past 30-day use of nicotine e-cigarettes among high school seniors nearly doubled, from 11% to 21%, representing the largest recorded increase for [...]

Mené sur 1 676 patients infectés par Helicobacter pylori et ayant des antécédents familiaux de cancer gastrique (âge : 40-65 ans ; durée médiane de suivi : 9,2 ans), cet essai contrôlé évalue l'effet du traitement de H. pylori dans la réduction du risque de cancer gastrique (33 cas)

Family History of Gastric Cancer and Helicobacter pylori Treatment

Choi, Il Ju ; Kim, Chan Gyoo ; Lee, Jong Yeul ; Kim, Young-Il ; Kook, Myeong-Cherl ; Park, Boram ; Joo, Jungnam

Background : Helicobacter pylori infection and a family history of gastric cancer are the main risk factors for gastric cancer. Whether treatment to eradicate H. pylori can reduce the risk of gastric cancer in persons with a family history of gastric cancer in first-degree relatives is unknown. Methods : In this single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we screened 3100 first-degree relatives of patients with gastric cancer. We randomly assigned 1838 participants with H. pylori [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni par enquête auprès de 408 femmes à haut risque de cancer du sein (âge moyen : 45 ans), cette étude multicentrique analyse leurs connaissances sur le bénéfice potentiel et les risques du tamoxifène, puis identifie des facteurs associés à la décision d'en utiliser ou non

Knowledge of potential harms and benefits of tamoxifen among women considering breast cancer preventive therapy

Thorneloe, Rachael Jane ; Hall, Louise Hazel ; Walter, Fiona M. ; Side, Lucy ; Lloyd, Kelly Elizabeth ; Smith, Samuel George.

Tamoxifen reduces breast cancer incidence in women at increased risk, but may cause side-effects. We examined women's knowledge of tamoxifen's potential harms and benefits, and the extent to which knowledge reflects subjective judgements of awareness and decision quality. After a hospital appointment, 408 (55.7%) women at increased risk of breast cancer completed a survey assessing objective knowledge about the potential benefit (risk reduction) and harms (endometrial cancer, thromboembolic [...]

Menée aux Pays-Bas à partir des données d'un essai randomisé et par questionnaires auprès de 604 employés fumeurs participant à un programme d'aide au sevrage tabagique, cette étude analyse l'effet d'une incitation financière sur la réussite du sevrage

How financial incentives increase smoking cessation: a two-level path analysis

van den Brand, F A ; Candel, M J J M ; Nagelhout, G E ; Winkens, B ; van Schayck, C P

Financial incentives effectively increase smoking cessation rates, but it is unclear via which psychological mechanisms incentives influence quit behavior. The current study examines how receiving financial incentives for smoking cessation leads to quitting smoking and investigates several mediators and moderators of that relationship.The study sample consisted of 604 tobacco-smoking employees from 61 companies in the Netherlands who completed a baseline and follow-up questionnaire. The current [...]

Menée en 2018 par enquêtes auprès de 2 218 étudiants d'une université privée américaine, cette étude évalue la consommation de cigarettes classiques ou électroniques puis analyse la possiblité de mettre en place une politique anti-tabac au sein du campus

A multimodal assessment of tobacco use on a university campus and support for adopting a comprehensive tobacco-free policy

Wong, Samantha L. ; Epperson, Anna E. ; Rogers, Jayna ; Castro, Ralph J. ; Jackler, Robert K. ; Prochaska, Judith J.

Many college campuses now prohibit tobacco use. At a private U.S. university, the current study assessed cigarette and e-cigarette use and characterized the climate for adopting a comprehensive tobacco-free policy. Data were gathered January–August 2018 via an: environmental scan; cigarette-urn audit; and representative surveys with campus community members. Despite low prevalence of tobacco (0.5%–8%) and e-cigarette use (0.9%–6%) among all groups, campus cigarette clean-up costs exceeded [...]

Menée au Mexique à partir de données 2002-2016 portant sur 100 302 personnes (âge : 15-65 ans), cette étude analyse les comportements tabagiques, quotidiens et occasionnels, avant et après la mise en œuvre de la convention-cadre de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé pour la lutte antitabac en 2004

Smoking trends in Mexico, 2002–2016: before and after the ratification of the WHO’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

Zavala-Arciniega, Luis ; Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam ; Levy, David T ; Lau, Yan Kwan ; Meza, Rafael ; Gutiérrez-Torres, Daniela Sarahí ; Arillo-Santillán, Edna ; Fleischer, Nancy L ; Thrasher, James

Introduction: Mexico was the first Latin American country to ratify the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2004, after which it implemented some key FCTC policies (e.g., taxes, smoke-free, pictorial warnings and ad bans). This study assessed trends in the prevalence of current, daily and non-daily smoking in Mexico before and after the implementation of key FCTC policies. Methods: Data were analysed from two comparable, nationally representative surveys (i.e., the National Survey [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni auprès de 18 fumeurs (âge moyen : 32 ans ; consommation quotidienne moyenne : 12 cigarettes), cette étude analyse si une diminution de la fréquence cardiaque au repos (mesurée à l'aide d'applications gratuites pour smartphone) peut être utilisée pour vérifier l'abstinence tabagique

Decrease in resting heart rate measured using smartphone apps to verify abstinence from smoking: an exploratory study

Herbec, Aleksandra ; Parker, Ella ; Ubhi, Harveen Kaur ; Raupach, Tobias ; West, Robert

Verifying self-reports of smoking abstinence is challenging in studies that involve remote data collection. Resting heart rate (HR) decreases during smoking abstinence. This study assessed whether a decrease in resting HR measured using freely available smartphone apps could potentially be used to verify smoking abstinence.This study involved a repeated measures experimental design, with data collection in natural setting. Participants were 18 adult, daily smokers. They recorded resting HR in [...]