Menée auprès de 143 279 femmes ménoposées de la cohorte "Women's Health Initiative Study" (durée médiane de suivi : 14,8 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'arrêt du tabagisme et le risque de cancer de la vessie

Smoking Cessation and the Risk of Bladder Cancer among Postmenopausal Women

Li, Yueyao ; Tindle, Hilary A. ; Hendryx, Michael S. ; Xun, Pengcheng ; He, Ka ; Liang, Xiaoyun ; Luo, Juhua

Smoking is the strongest established risk factor for bladder cancer. Former smokers have a lower risk of bladder cancer compared with current smokers, but findings on the dose–response relationship between years after quitting and the risk of bladder cancer are inconsistent. A total of 143,279 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative Study were included. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied for estimating age- and multivariable-adjusted HRs and their 95% [...]

Menée à partir d'échantillons plasmatiques prélevés sur 262 patients atteints d'un cancer urothélial de la vessie et sur 254 témoins, cette étude analyse les interactions entre les vitamines A, E, D, B9 et B12 ainsi que les effets de ces interactions sur le risque de cancer urothélial de la vessie en fonction du statut tabagique

Interaction Effects of Plasma Vitamins A, E, D, B9, and B12 and Tobacco Exposure in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: A Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction Analysis

Ben Fradj, Mohamed Kacem ; Mrad Dali, Kheireddine ; Kallel, Amani ; Bibi, Mokhtar ; Ben Rhouma, Sami ; Sanhaji, Haifa ; Nouira, Yassine ; Feki, Moncef

The study aimed to examine circulating vitamins A, E, D, and B12 and folate in patients with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) and detect potential interaction effects of these micronutrients on UBC risk. A case–control study was conducted on 262 UBC patients and 254 matched controls. Vitamins A and E were assessed by ultra performance liquid chromatography, and vitamins D and B12 and folate were assessed by immunological methods. Binary logistic regression models were used to test associations [...]

Menée auprès de 1 121 personnes ayant subi la résection d'au moins un adénome colorectal (taille supérieure ou égale à 2 mm) et bénéficiant d'un suivi par coloscopie (âge moyen : 57,8 ans), cette étude ne montre pas d'association entre une supplémentation en calcium et/ou en vitamine D3 et le risque d'adénome colorectal

No Evidence for Posttreatment Effects of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Risk of Colorectal Adenomas in a Randomized Trial

Calderwood, Audrey H. ; Baron, John A. ; Mott, Leila A. ; Ahnen, Dennis J. ; Bostick, Roberd M. ; Figueiredo, Jane C. ; Passarelli, Michael N. ; Rees, Judy R. ; Robertson, Douglas J. ; Barry, Elizabeth L.

Vitamin D and calcium supplementation are postulated to have chemopreventive effects against colorectal neoplasia, yet in our previously reported randomized trial, there was no overall efficacy of calcium and/or vitamin D3 against colorectal adenoma recurrence. It is possible vitamin D3 and calcium chemopreventive effects are not detectable until beyond the 3- to 5-year follow-up captured in that trial. Accordingly, we explored possible vitamin D and calcium effects on posttreatment [...]

A partir de l'analyse de documents de l'industrie du tabac et d'articles publiés sur la période 1987-2016, cette étude identifie la nature et l'étendue des promotions ou baisses de prix effectuées par l'industrie du tabac après l'augmentation des taxes sur les produits tabagiques

Tobacco industry promotions and pricing after tax increases: An analysis of internal industry documents

Apollonio, Dorie E ; Glantz, Stanton A

Increasing tobacco taxes, and through them, prices, is an effective public health strategy to decrease tobacco use. The tobacco industry has developed multiple promotional strategies to undercut these effects; this study assessed promotions directed to wholesalers and retailers and manufacturer price changes that blunt the effects of tax and price increases.We reviewed tobacco industry documents and contemporaneous research literature dated 1987 to 2016 to identify the nature, extent, and [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle de simulation intégrant des données de mortalité, cette étude évalue le nombre de nouveaux pays ayant adopté entre 2014 et 2016 une ou plusieurs mesures du programme MPOWER et estime la réduction du nombre de décès liés au tabagisme après l'adoption de ces mesures

Impact of nations meeting the MPOWER targets between 2014 and 2016: an update

Levy, David T. ; Li, Yameng ; Yuan, Zhe

Objective : Since the WHO released the Monitoring tobacco use and tobacco control policies; Protecting from the dangers of tobacco smoke; Offering help to quit tobacco; Warning the public about the dangers; Enforcing bans on advertising, promotion and sponsorship; and Raising tobacco taxes (MPOWER) policy package to assist nations with implementing the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), 88 countries have adopted at least one MPOWER policy at the highest level as of 2014. Building [...]

A partir de l'analyse de l'évolution sur la période 2006-2017 des prix commerciaux des cigarettes manufacturées et des cigarettes à rouler dans 23 pays de l'Union Européenne, cette étude examine, en fonction de différentes tranches de prix, les stratégies de l'industrie du tabac pour compenser l'augmentation des taxes sur les produits tabagiques

Analysis of tobacco industry pricing strategies in 23 European Union countries using commercial pricing data

van Schalkwyk, May C. I. ; McKee, Martin ; Been, Jasper V. ; Millett, Christopher ; Filippidis, Filippos T.

Background : The tobacco industry (TI) can act to undermine the impact of tobacco tax increases by adopting various pricing strategies. Little is known about strategies used across the European Union (EU), except for the UK. Aim To examine pricing strategies adopted by the TI in the EU, and whether they differ by cigarette price segment, or between manufactured and roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes. Methods : This is a longitudinal analysis of commercial pricing data for manufactured and RYO [...]