Cette étude estime l'augmentation du risque absolu de développer un cancer lié à une consommation modérée d'alcool (une bouteille de vin par semaine) chez les hommes et les femmes puis compare cette augmentation à celle du risque absolu de développer un cancer lié au tabagisme

A comparison of gender-linked population cancer risks between alcohol and tobacco: how many cigarettes are there in a bottle of wine?

Hydes, Theresa J. ; Burton, Robyn ; Inskip, Hazel ; Bellis, Mark A. ; Sheron, Nick

Background : In contrast to our knowledge about the number of cancers attributed to smoking, the number of cancers attributed to alcohol is poorly understood by the public. We estimate the increase in absolute risk of cancer (number of cases per 1000) attributed to moderate levels of alcohol, and compare these to the absolute risk of cancer attributed to low levels of smoking, creating a ‘cigarette-equivalent of population cancer harm’. Methods : Alcohol and tobacco attributable fractions were [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis et en France à partir des données de 3 enquêtes réalisées entre 2000 et 2010 auprès de personnes âgées de 20 à 75 ans et ayant déjà fumé, cette étude analyse les facteurs sociodémographiques impliqués dans l'initiation et le sevrage tabagiques

Fumes-tu encore? Quitting among French and American Smokers: 2000-2010

King, Gary ; Guignard, Romain ; Reeder, Ethan ; Beck, François ; Conserve, Donaldson ; Arwidson, Pierre ; Bendel, Robert B. ; Moolchan, Eric

Objectives : This paper examines sociodemographic correlates of initiation and quitting among French and American smokers. Methods : National surveys in France and the U.S in 2000, 2005, and 2010 were analyzed of ever smokers, 20-75 years old. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression (MLR) analyses were conducted of age of initiation and quitting, Results : Smoking prevalence decreased for Americans each survey year (25.2%, 22.9% and 17.9%) whereas the comparable figures for the French [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 172 502 personnes âgées de 45 à 75 ans (durée moyenne de suivi : 16,8 ans), cette étude analyse, en fonction du sexe et de l'appartenance ethnique, l'association entre l'activité physique et le risque de cancer colorectal par sous-type anatomique (4 430 cas)

Physical Activity and Colorectal Cancer Risk by Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Subsite: The Multiethnic Cohort Study

Park, Song-Yi ; Wilkens, Lynne R. ; Haiman, Christopher A. ; Le Marchand, Loic

Physical activity has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. However, data is lacking on whether the association is consistent between sexes and across different races/ethnicities and anatomical subsites of tumors. We analyzed data from the Multiethnic Cohort in Hawaii and California, consisting of mostly African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and whites aged 45-75 years at recruitment. During a mean follow-up of 16.8 years, 4,430 invasive [...]

Mené au Royaume-Uni sur 133 hommes âgés de 50 à 69 ans à haut risque de cancer de la prostate (PSA entre 2 et 2,95 ng/ml), cet essai randomisé évalue l'effet d'une supplémentation en lycopène ou en thé vert sur les taux sériques de peptides du facteur de croissance analogue à l'insuline IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2 ou IGFBP-3

Effect of green tea and lycopene on the insulin-like growth factor system: the ProDiet randomized controlled trial

Biernacka, Kalina M. ; Holly, Jeff M.P. ; Martin, Richard M. ; Frankow, Aleksandra ; Bull, Caroline J. ; Hamdy, Freddie C. ; Donovan, Jenny L. ; Neal, David E. ; Metcalfe, Chris ; Lane, Athene

Whether prostate cancer (PCa) may be preventable by dietary interventions can be assessed in randomized trials using intermediate biomarkers of cancer risk or progression. We investigated whether lycopene or green tea modify circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) peptides in men at increased risk of PCa. Participants (aged 50–69 years) in one centre in the UK wide PCa testing and treatment trial (ProtecT) with prostate specific antigen between 2.0 and 2.95 ng/ml or negative biopsies, were [...]

Cette revue de la littérature évalue les effets du microbiote intestinal et des probiotiques sur le risque de cancer colorectal, puis présente des mécanismes immunomodulateurs associés à ces effets

Importance of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer

Eslami, Majid ; Yousefi, Bahman ; Kokhaei, Parviz ; Hemati, Maral ; Nejad, Zahra Rasouli ; Arabkari, Vahid ; Namdar, Afshin

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common and deadly cancers. Intestinal gut microflora is important to maintain and contributes to several intestinal functions, including the development of the mucosal immune system, absorption of complex macromolecules, synthesis of amino acids/vitamins and the protection against pathogenic microorganisms. It is well known that the gut microbiota changes or dysbiosis may have an essential impact in the initiation and promotion of chronic [...]

Menée en Corée à partir des données de l'assurance maladie portant sur 461 489 personnes, cette étude démontre qu'il n'y a pas d'association significative entre l'utilisation d'aspirine et le risque de cancer du pancréas

Aspirin Does Not Prevent Pancreatic Cancer in a Large Asian Cohort

Kim, Min-Hyung ; Park, Sang Min ; Yun, Young Ho ; Hwang, In Cheol

Background : Evidence has suggested that aspirin reduces the incidence of several cancers, but these benefits may not occur with pancreatic cancer. Methods : A 12-year nationwide longitudinal cohort merged with the health checkup data was divided into “exposure ascertainment period” and “outcome ascertainment period” to avoid immortal time bias. The daily defined dose system was used to indicate the drug exposure. Results : We found no significant association between aspirin use and incident [...]