A partir des données de 14 études américaines incluant 1 518 741 participants, cette étude évalue l'association entre une pratique tabagique, une consommation d'alcool et le risque de cancer primitif du foie, par sous-type (1 423 cas de carcinome hépatocellulaire, 410 cas de cholangiocarcinome intrahépatique)

Tobacco, alcohol use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: The Liver Cancer Pooling Project

Petrick, Jessica L. ; Campbell, Peter T. ; Koshiol, Jill ; Thistle, Jake E. ; Andreotti, Gabriella ; Beane-Freeman, Laura E. ; Buring, Julie E. ; Chan, Andrew T. ; Chong, Dawn Q. ; Doody, Michele M. ; Gapstur, Susan M. ; Gaziano, John Michael ; Giovannucci, Edward ; Graubard, Barry I. ; Lee, I. Min ; Liao, Linda M. ; Linet, Martha S. ; Palmer, Julie R. ; Poynter, Jenny N. ; Purdue, Mark P. ; Robien, Kim ; Rosenberg, Lynn ; Schairer, Catherine ; Sesso, Howard D. ; Sinha, Rashmi ; Stampfer, Meir J. ; Stefanick, Marcia ; Wactawski-Wende, Jean ; Zhang, Xuehong ; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne ; Freedman, Neal D. ; McGlynn, Katherine A.

Background : While tobacco and alcohol are established risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer, it is unknown whether they also increase the risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Thus, we examined the association between tobacco and alcohol use by primary liver cancer type. Methods : The Liver Cancer Pooling Project is a consortium of 14 US-based prospective cohort studies that includes data from 1,518,741 individuals (HCC n = 1423, [...]

A partir de données de 8 études de cohortes japonaises incluant 320 322 participants, cette étude évalue l'association entre une consommation de café et le risque de cancer colorectal (durée de suivi : 4 503 274 personnes-années ; 6 711 cas)

Coffee drinking and colorectal cancer and its subsites: A pooled analysis of 8 cohort studies in Japan

Kashino, Ikuko ; Akter, Shamima ; Mizoue, Tetsuya ; Sawada, Norie ; Kotemori, Ayaka ; Matsuo, Keitaro ; Oze, Isao ; Ito, Hidemi ; Naito, Mariko ; Nakayama, Tomio ; Kitamura, Yuri ; Tamakoshi, Akiko ; Tsuji, Ichiro ; Sugawara, Yumi ; Inoue, Manami ; Nagata, Chisato ; Sadakane, Atsuko ; Tanaka, Keitaro ; Tsugane, Shoichiro ; Shimazu, Taichi ; for the Research Group for the, Development ; Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in, Japan

Coffee is a rich source of bioactive compounds that have potential anticarcinogenic effects. However, it remains unclear whether coffee drinking is associated with colorectal cancer. Also, despite different etiological factors involved in gut physiology, few studies have investigated this association by anatomical site of the lesion. To address these issues, this study examined the association between coffee drinking and colorectal cancer in a pooled analysis from 8 cohort studies conducted in [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni à partir de données portant sur 430 584 participants, cette étude évalue l'association entre une activité physique, des indicateurs d'un comportement sédentaire (temps passé à regarder la télévision ou à utiliser un ordinateur) et le risque de cancer colorectal (durée médiane de suivi : 5,6 ans ; 2 391 cas)

Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and colorectal cancer risk in the UK Biobank

Morris, Jessica S. ; Bradbury, Kathryn E. ; Cross, Amanda J. ; Gunter, Marc J. ; Murphy, Neil

Background: Observational studies have shown that physical activity levels are inversely, and sedentary behaviours are positively, associated with colorectal cancer risk; however, whether these relationships are consistent across anatomical subsites is uncertain. Methods: We investigated the associations between colorectal cancer and physical activity (metabolic equivalents (METs)-hours per week), and indicators of sedentary behaviour (television watching time and time spent using computers) [...]

Menée en Australie à partir de données portant sur 41 513 participants inclus entre 1990 et 1994, cette étude de cohorte prospective évalue l'association entre une consommation alimentaire de nutriments impliqués dans le métabolisme du carbone, notamment la vitamine B et la méthionine, et le risque de carcinome urothélial (durée minimale de suivi : 20 ans ; 500 cas)

Dietary intake of nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma: A prospective cohort study

Dugué, Pierre-Antoine ; Brinkman, Maree T. ; Hodge, Allison M. ; Bassett, Julie K. ; Bolton, Damien ; Longano, Anthony ; Hopper, John L. ; Southey, Melissa C. ; English, Dallas R. ; Milne, Roger L. ; Giles, Graham G.

Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism may play a role in carcinogenesis through DNA replication, repair and methylation mechanisms. Most studies on urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) have focused on folate. We sought to examine the association between B-group vitamins and methionine intake and UCC risk, overall and by subtype, and to test whether these associations are different for population subgroups whose nutritional status may be compromised. We followed participants in the Melbourne [...]

Menée aux Pays-Bas à partir de données portant sur 926 patients atteints d'un carcinome épidermoïde de l'oropharynx traité entre 2000 et 2015 (dont 305 femmes), cette étude évalue l'association entre une infection par le papillomavirus humain et le risque de développer la maladie, ainsi qu'avec le risque de développer une lésion précancéreuse du col de l'utérus

Epidemiologic associations of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer and (pre)cancerous cervical lesions

Rietbergen, M. M. ; van Bokhoven, A. A. J. D. ; Lissenberg-Witte, B. I. ; Heideman, D. A. M. ; Leemans, C. R. ; Brakenhoff, R. H. ; Bloemena, E.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) remains increasing worldwide. We aimed to investigate if the HPV-prevalence of OPSCC in the Netherlands is rising as well, also in female patients. In addition, we evaluated the association between HPV-positive OPSCC and suspicious Pap results of the cervix in these female patients. Patients with OPSCC treated in the period 2000–2015 at the VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, were included (n = 926). The [...]

Menée à un niveau mondial, cette étude analyse la part des cancers hépatocellulaires attribuable à 5 grands facteurs de risque, tels qu'une infection par le virus de l'hépatite B ou C, une consommation d'alcool, une pratique tabagique, une obésité ou un diabète

Worldwide incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma cases attributable to major risk factors

Baecker, Aileen ; Liu, Xing ; La Vecchia, Carlo ; Zhang, Zuo-Feng

To facilitate regionally specific liver cancer prevention and control, this study estimates the fraction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases attributable to five major liver cancer risk factors by geographic region. Prevalence estimates of major HCC risk factors, including chronic infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, obesity, and diabetes, were extracted for each country from the literature, along with recent incidence and risk estimate data, to [...]

A partir de données portant sur 878 patients atteints d'un lymphome non hodgkinien et sur 4 364 témoins atteints d'un diabète, cette étude évalue l'association entre une utilisation de metformine avant le diagnostic de cancer et le risque de développer un lymphome

Metformin Is Not Associated with Incidence Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas among Diabetic Patients

Ye, Xibiao ; Zhang, Geng ; Righolt, Christiaan ; Johnston, James B ; Banerji, Versha ; Gibson, Spencer B ; Mahmud, Salaheddin M

Background: Several epidemiological studies have shown a positive association between diabetes and increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but the effect of diabetic treatment drugs such as metformin on the risk is unknown. Methods: We conducted a population-based nested case-control study involving 878 NHL cases and 4,364 controls diagnosed with diabetes. Use of metformin and other medications prior to diagnosis and medical condition histories were assessed using administrative [...]

A partir de deux bases de données britanniques portant sur 475 768 participants, cette étude évalue l'association entre une utilisation de médicaments relaxant le sphincter œsophagien inférieur (benzodiazépines, inhibiteurs calciques, xanthines, etc.) et le risque de cancer de l'œsophage (respectivement 1 979 et 355 cas)

Medications that relax the lower oesophageal sphincter and risk of oesophageal cancer: An analysis of two independent population-based databases

Spence, Andrew D. ; Busby, John ; Murchie, Peter ; Kunzmann, Andrew T. ; McMenamin, Úna C. ; Coleman, Helen G. ; Johnston, Brian T. ; O'Rorke, Michael A. ; Murray, Liam J. ; Iversen, Lisa ; Lee, Amanda J. ; Cardwell, Chris R.

Excessive lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation increases gastro-oesophageal acid reflux, an oesophageal adenocarcinoma risk factor. Medications that relax this sphincter (benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, β2 agonists and xanthines) could promote cancer. These medications were investigated in two independent datasets. In the Scottish Primary Care Clinical Informatics Unit (PCCIU) database, a nested case–control study of oesophageal cancer was performed using GP prescription [...]

Cette étude présente les hypothèses permettant d'expliquer le lien entre une obésité et le risque de cancer, notamment en mettant en avant le rôle de la voie de la kynurénine ainsi que des protéases à sérine dans la cancérogenèse

Obesity and Cancer: Existing and New Hypotheses for a Causal Connection

Stone, Trevor W. ; McPherson, Megan ; Gail Darlington, L.

Existing explanations of obesity-associated cancer emphasise direct mutagenic effects of dietary components or hormonal imbalance. Some of these hypotheses are reviewed briefly, but recent evidence suggests a major role for chronic inflammation in cancer risk, possibly involving dietary content. These ideas include the inflammation-induced activation of the kynurenine pathway and its role in feeding and metabolism by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and by modulating synaptic [...]