Menée à partir des données d'une enquête anglaise et d'une enquête écossaise réalisées entre 1994 et 2008 auprès d'un échantillon comprenant au total 80 306 adultes âgés de 30 ans ou plus (durée de suivi : 681 790 personnes-années), cette étude évalue l'association entre la pratique d'exercices physiques sollicitant la force musculaire et la mortalité toutes causes confondues ou le risque de décès par cancer ou maladie cardiovasculaire

Does strength promoting exercise confer unique health benefits ? A pooled analysis of eleven population cohorts with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality endpoints

Stamatakis, Emmanuel ; Lee, I. Min ; Bennie, Jason ; Freeston, Jonathan ; Hamer, Mark ; O'Donovan, Gary ; Ding, Ding ; Bauman, Adrian ; Mavros, Yorgi

Public health guidance includes strength-promoting exercise (SPE) but there is little evidence on its links with mortality. Using data from the Health Survey for England (HSE) and Scottish Health Survey (SHS) from 1994–2008 we examined the associations between SPE (gym-based and own bodyweight strength activities) and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression examine the associations between SPE (any, low/high volume, adherence to SPE [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études épidémiologiques analysant le rôle de différents flavonoïdes d'origine alimentaire dans la réduction du risque de certains cancers

Intake of Individual Flavonoids and Risk of Carcinogenesis : Overview of Epidemiological Evidence

Sak, Katrin

Several epidemiological findings have demonstrated that specific flavonoids can be responsible for reduction of the risk of certain cancer types. However, these results are still rather limited, inconclusive and controversial. Therefore, in this comprehensive review article the findings reported to date about the associations between dietary intake of individual flavonoid compounds and cancer incidence are compiled and analyzed. Also, the possible reasons for inconsistencies are brought forth [...]

Mené auprès de 70 563 patients atteints d'un neuroblastome, d'un cancer colorectal, d'un cancer de la prostate, du sein, du poumon, de l'ovaire ou du pancréas et mené auprès de 84 418 témoins, cet essai évalue l'association entre le niveau sérique de 25-hydroxyvitamine D, estimé à l'aide d'un système de score basé sur la présence de 4 polymorphismes à simple nucléotide, et le risque de développer ces types de cancer

Circulating vitamin D concentration and risk of seven cancers : Mendelian randomisation study

Dimitrakopoulou, Vasiliki I. ; Tsilidis, Konstantinos K. ; Haycock, Philip C. ; Dimou, Niki L. ; Al-Dabhani, Kawthar ; Martin, Richard M. ; Lewis, Sarah J. ; Gunter, Marc J. ; Mondul, Alison ; Shui, Irene M. ; Theodoratou, Evropi ; Nimptsch, Katharina ; Lindström, Sara ; Albanes, Demetrius ; Kühn, Tilman ; Key, Timothy J. ; Travis, Ruth C. ; Vimaleswaran, Karani Santhanakrishnan ; Kraft, Peter ; Pierce, Brandon L. ; Schildkraut, Joellen M.

Objective : To determine if circulating concentrations of vitamin D are causally associated with risk of cancer. Design : Mendelian randomisation study. Setting : Large genetic epidemiology networks (the Genetic Associations and Mechanisms in Oncology (GAME-ON), the Genetic and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO), and the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortiums, and the MR-Base platform). Participants [...]

Mené sur 75 participantes en préménopause et présentant un risque élevé de cancer du sein, cet essai de phase II évalue le taux d'adhésion à un traitement préventif par goséréline (un analogue de l'hormone de libération des gonadotrophines hypophysaires) et raloxifène, puis analyse la toxicité du traitement et les effets de ce dernier sur la qualité de vie des participantes

RAZOR : a phase II open randomized trial of screening plus goserelin and raloxifene versus screening alone in pre-menopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer

Howell, Anthony ; Ashcroft, Linda ; Fallowfield, Lesley ; Eccles, Diana M. ; Eeles, Rosalind A. ; Ward, Ann ; Brentnall, Adam R. ; Dowsett, Mitchell ; Cuzick, Jack M. ; Greenhalgh, Rosemary ; Boggis, Caroline ; Motion, Jamie ; Sergeant, Jamie C. ; Adams, Judith ; Evans, D. Gareth R.

Background : Ovarian suppression in premenopausal women is known to reduce breast cancer risk. This study aimed to assess uptake and compliance with ovarian suppression using the LHRH analogue, goserelin, with add-back raloxifene, as a potential regimen for breast cancer prevention. Methods : Women at ≥30% lifetime risk breast cancer were approached and randomized to mammographic screening alone (C-Control) or screening in addition to monthly subcutaneous injections of 3.6mg goserelin and [...]

Menée auprès de 6 844 femmes ménopausées (dont 2 980 présentant un carcinome canalaire in situ) et incluses dans des essais évaluant l'anastrozole, cette étude évalue le taux d'adhésion thérapeutique puis identifie les symptômes prédictifs associés

Early participant-reported symptoms as predictors of adherence to anastrozole in the International Breast Cancer Intervention Studies II

Sestak, I. ; Smith, S. G. ; Howell, A. ; Forbes, J. F. ; Cuzick, J.

Background : Anastrozole reduces breast cancer risk in women at high risk, but implementing preventive therapy in clinical practice is difficult. Here, we evaluate adherence to anastrozole in the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS) II prevention and Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) trials, and its association with early symptoms. Patients and methods : In the prevention trial, 3864 postmenopausal women were randomized to placebo vs. anastrozole. 2980 postmenopausal women with [...]

Menée auprès de 188 adolescents dont 103 témoins (âge : 11 à 17 ans), cette étude américaine évalue l'intérêt d'une intervention basée sur l'incitation financière pour améliorer le taux de vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain

A Behavioral Economic Approach to Improving Human Papillomavirus Vaccination

Caskey, Rachel ; Sherman, E. Grace ; Beskin, Kera ; Rapport, Rebecca ; Xia, Yinglin ; Schwartz, Alan

Purpose : The objectives of this study were to measure the impact of a behavioral economic intervention on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation and series completion rates for adolescents and to measure the impact of the intervention on the receipt of a nonincentivized influenza vaccine. Methods : We conducted a quasi-randomized trial to compare the impact of an escalating delayed cash incentive (intervention), compared with usual care (control), on HPV vaccination initiation and [...]

Mené aux Etats-Unis auprès de 352 fumeurs de faible niveau socio-économique (âge moyen : 50 ans), cet essai évalue, du point de vue du taux de sevrage tabagique à 12 mois, l'efficacité d'une intervention en médecine générale hospitalière, basée sur des incitations financières et l'utilisation de coordinateurs pour informer sur les traitements, ainsi que sur les outils d'aide au sevrage tabagique, et orienter les patients

Effect of patient navigation and financial incentives on smoking cessation among primary care patients at an urban safety-net hospital : A randomized clinical trial.

Lasser, K. E. ; Quintiliani, L. M. ; Truong, V. ; et al.,

Importance : While the proportion of adults who smoke cigarettes has declined substantially in the past decade, socioeconomic disparities in cigarette smoking remain. Few interventions have targeted low socioeconomic status (SES) and minority smokers in primary care settings. Objective : To evaluate a multicomponent intervention to promote smoking cessation among low-SES and minority smokers. Design, Setting, and Participants : For this prospective, unblinded, randomized clinical trial [...]

Cet article de l'"American Society of Clinical Oncology" fait le point sur l'association entre une consommation d'alcool et le risque de cancer et souligne l'importance de développer des campagnes de prévention

Alcohol and Cancer: A Statement of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

Noelle K. LoConte ; Abenaa M. Brewster ; Judith S. Kaur ; Janette K. Merrill ; Anthony J. Alberg

Alcohol drinking is an established risk factor for several malignancies, and it is a potentially modifiable risk factor for cancer. The Cancer Prevention Committee of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) believes that a proactive stance by the Society to minimize excessive exposure to alcohol has important implications for cancer prevention. In addition, the role of alcohol drinking on outcomes in patients with cancer is in its formative stages, and ASCO can play a key role by [...]