Menée à partir d'une enquête réalisée entre 2002 et 2015 auprès de quatre échantillons représentatifs de fumeurs adultes du Royaume-Uni (4 717 personnes), du Canada (4 884 personnes), des Etats-Unis (6 703 personnes) et d'Australie (4 482 personnes), cette étude compare entre les pays les raisons pour lesquelles les fumeurs envisagent d'arrêter de fumer, puis évalue l'association entre ces raisons et les tentatives de sevrage tabagique

Cross-country comparison of smokers' reasons for thinking about quitting over time : findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey (ITC-4C), 2002–2015

Kasza, Karin A ; Hyland, Andrew J ; Borland, Ron ; McNeill, Ann ; Fong, Geoffrey T ; Carpenter, Matthew J ; Partos, Timea ; Cummings, K Michael

Objective : To explore between-country differences and within-country trends over time in smokers' reasons for thinking about quitting and the relationship between reasons and making a quit attempt. Methods : Participants were nationally representative samples of adult smokers from the UK (N=4717), Canada (N=4884), the USA (N=6703) and Australia (N=4482), surveyed as part of the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey between 2002 and 2015. Generalised estimating equations were used [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juillet 2015 (80 articles), cette étude évalue, en fonction du statut ménopausique, l'association entre la durée hebdomadaire d'une activité physique de loisir d'intensité modérée (équivalent métabolique supérieur ou égal à 3) et le risque de cancer du sein

Moderate-vigorous recreational physical activity and breast cancer risk, stratified by menopause status : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Neilson, Heather K. ; Farris, Megan S. ; Stone, Chelsea R. ; Vaska, Marcus M. ; Brenner, Darren R. ; Friedenreich, Christine M.

Objective : Physical inactivity increases postmenopausal and possibly premenopausal breast cancer risk, although different biologic mechanisms are proposed. Our primary objective was to estimate breast cancer risk associated with high versus low levels of moderate-vigorous recreational activity, separately for premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods : We conducted a systematic review of literature published to July 2015. Included reports were cohort or case-control studies relating [...]

A partir des données de 7 études prospectives incluant au total 362 114 adultes américains ou européens âgés de 60 ans ou plus (durée médiane de suivi : 11 à 15 ans), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'adhésion aux recommandations alimentaires du "World Cancer Research Fund" et de l'"American Institute for Cancer Research"et le risque de cancer (69 708 cas)

Adherence to the WCRF/AICR Dietary Recommendations for Cancer Prevention and Risk of Cancer in Elderly from Europe and the United States : A Meta-Analysis within the CHANCES Project

Jankovic, Nicole ; Geelen, Anouk ; Winkels, Renate M. ; Mwungura, Blaise ; Fedirko, Veronika ; Jenab, Mazda ; Illner, Anne K ; Brenner, Hermann ; Ordonez-Mena, Jose M ; Kiefte-de Jong, Jessica C. ; Franco, Oscar H. ; Orfanos, Philippos ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Boffetta, Paolo ; Agudo, Antonio ; Peeters, Petra H. ; Tjonneland, Anne ; Hallmans, Göran ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas ; Park, Yikyung ; Feskens, Edith J ; de Groot, Lisette C ; Kampman, Ellen

Background : It is unknown if dietary recommendations for cancer prevention are applicable to the elderly. We analyzed WCRF/AICR recommendations in cohorts of European and US adults aged 60 years and above. Methods : Individual participant data meta-analysis including 362,114 participants (43% women), from seven prospective cohort studies, free from cancer at enrollment. The WCRF/AICR diet score was based on: 1) energy-dense foods and sugary drinks, 2) plant foods, 3) red and processed meat 4) [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (121 études incluant au total 1 924 506 participants), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de vitamine B6 ou les niveaux sériques de sa forme bioactive (le phosphate de pyridoxal) et le risque de cancer (96 436 cas)

Vitamin B6 and Cancer Risk : A Field Synopsis and Meta-Analysis

Mocellin, Simone ; Briarava, Marta ; Pilati, Pierluigi

Background : Vitamin B6 is involved in many biochemical reactions and might play a role in carcinogenesis. We summarized the evidence linking vitamin B6 to cancer risk. Methods : We conducted a systematic review of both observational and intervention studies investigating the relationship between vitamin B6 intake or blood levels of its bioactive form pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) and the risk of any type of cancer. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled relative risks (RRs) [...]

Cet article passe en revue les données cliniques et pré-cliniques concernant les effets des antidiabétiques sur le risque de cancer ou le risque de décès et les effets des traitements anticancéreux sur l'homéostasie du glucose

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer : The Role of Pharmacotherapy

Gadi Shlomai ; Brian Neel ; Derek LeRoith ; Emily Jane Gallagher

Purpose : Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Epidemiologic data suggest that T2DM is associated with an increased incidence and mortality from many cancers. The purpose of this review is to discuss the links between diabetes and cancer, the effects of various antidiabetic medications on cancer incidence and mortality, and the effects of anticancer therapies on diabetes. Design : This study is a review of preclinical and clinical data regarding the [...]

Menée en Suède à partir de données portant sur 612 846 participants (âge moyen : 72 ans), cette étude prospective évalue l'association entre un diabète de type 2, l'usage de médicaments anti-diabétiques et le risque de cancer de la prostate (25 882 cas, durée moyenne de suivi : 5 ans)

Prospective study of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, anti-diabetic drugs and risk of prostate cancer

Häggström, Christel ; Van Hemelrijck, Mieke ; Zethelius, Björn ; Robinson, David ; Grundmark, Birgitta ; Holmberg, Lars ; Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia ; Garmo, Hans ; Stattin, Pär

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has consistently been associated with decreased risk of prostate cancer; however, if this decrease is related to the use of anti-diabetic drugs is unknown. We prospectively studied men in the comparison cohort in the Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden 3.0, with data on T2DM, use of metformin, sulfonylurea and insulin retrieved from national health care registers and demographic databases. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compute hazard ratios [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin de cancer du sein lié à une mutation du gène BRCA1, cette étude analyse les effets chimiopréventifs d'une stratégie consistant à limiter, grâce à des traitements anti-oxydants, la production d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène

Chemopreventive effects of ROS targeting in a murine model of BRCA1-deficient breast cancer

Li, Mo ; Yu, Xiaochun ; Chen, Qian

There remains great interest in practical strategies to limit the elevated risks of familial breast and ovarian cancers driven by BRCA1 mutation. Here we report that limiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is sufficient to reduce DNA lesions and delay tumorigenesis in a murine model of BRCA1-deficient breast cancer. We documented a large amount of endogenous estrogen oxidative metabolites in the mammary gland of the model, which induced DNA adducts and apurinic/apyrimidinic [...]

Menée sur des lignées cellulaires de carcinome épidermoïde de la cavité buccale et à l'aide de xénogreffes sur des modèles murins, cette étude évalue la capacité de trois agents chimiopréventifs (fenrétinide, 2-méthoxyestradiol et tocilizumab) à inhiber la croissance tumorale et la tumorigenèse

Benefits of Multifaceted Chemopreventives in the Suppression of the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Tumorigenic Phenotype

Mallery, Susan R. ; Wang, Daren ; Santiago, Brian ; Pei, Ping ; Schwendeman, Steven ; Nieto, Kari ; Spinney, Richard ; Tong, Meng ; Koutras, George ; Han, Byungdo B ; Holpuch, Andrew S. ; Lang, James C

Over 1/3 of patients who have undergone oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) surgical resections develop life-threatening and often untreatable recurrences. A variety of drugs, intended for management of recurrent or disseminated cancers, were designed to exploit cancer cells' reliance upon overexpressed receptors and gratuitous signaling. Despite their conceptual promise, clinical trials showed these agents lacked efficacy and were often toxic. These findings are consistent with evasion of [...]