Adherence to the WCRF/AICR Dietary Recommendations for Cancer Prevention and Risk of Cancer in Elderly from Europe and the United States : A Meta-Analysis within the CHANCES Project
A partir des données de 7 études prospectives incluant au total 362 114 adultes américains ou européens âgés de 60 ans ou plus (durée médiane de suivi : 11 à 15 ans), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'adhésion aux recommandations alimentaires du "World Cancer Research Fund" et de l'"American Institute for Cancer Research"et le risque de cancer (69 708 cas)
Résumé en anglais
Background : It is unknown if dietary recommendations for cancer prevention are applicable to the elderly. We analyzed WCRF/AICR recommendations in cohorts of European and US adults aged 60 years and above.
Methods : Individual participant data meta-analysis including 362,114 participants (43% women), from seven prospective cohort studies, free from cancer at enrollment. The WCRF/AICR diet score was based on: 1) energy-dense foods and sugary drinks, 2) plant foods, 3) red and processed meat 4) alcoholic drinks. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between the diet score and cancer risks. Adjusted, cohort-specific hazard ratios (HR) were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Risk Advancement Periods (RAP) were calculated to quantify the time period by which the risk of cancer was postponed among those adhering to the recommendations.
Results : After a median follow-up of 11 to 15 years across cohorts, 69,708 cancer cases were identified. Each one-point increase in the WCRF/AICR diet score [range 0 (no) to 4 (complete adherence)] was significantly associated with a lower risk of total cancer (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92-0.97), cancers of the colorectum (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.80-0.89), prostate (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92-0.97), but not breast or lung. Adherence to an additional component of the WCRF/AICR diet score significantly postponed the incidence of cancer at any site by 1.6 years (RAP: -1.6, 95% CI: -4.09 to -2.16).
Conclusion : Adherence to WCRF/AICR dietary recommendations is associated with lower risk of cancer among older adults.
Impact : Dietary recommendations for cancer prevention are applicable to the elderly.
