Menée à partir des données de six registres médicaux numériques portant sur 34 393 fumeurs ayant consulté au moins une fois en médecine générale entre 2007 et 2011, cette étude américaine analyse les tendances en matière de sevrage tabagique, puis identifie les facteurs démographiques et médicaux associés au sevrage tabagique de longue durée

Assessing trends in tobacco cessation in diverse patient populations

Stevens, Victor J. ; Solberg, Leif I. ; Bailey, Steffani ; Kurtz, Stephen E. ; McBurnie, Mary Ann ; Priest, Elisa L. ; Puro, Jon E. ; Williams, Rebecca ; Fortmann, Stephen P. ; Hazlehurst, Brian L.

Introduction : This study examined change in tobacco use over four years among the general population of patients in six diverse health care organizations using electronic medical record data. Methods : The study cohort (N = 34,393) included all patients age 18 years or older who were identified as smokers in 2007, and who then had at least one primary care visit in each of the following four years. Results : In the four years following 2007, this patient cohort had a median of 13 primary care [...]

Menée à partir des données d'une étude italienne incluant 230 patients atteints d'un cancer gastrique et 547 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre la capacité anti-oxydante de l'alimentation et le risque de développer la maladie

Non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and risk of gastric cancer

Praud, Delphine ; Parpinel, Maria ; Serafini, Mauro ; Bellocco, Rino ; Tavani, Alessandra ; Lagiou, Pagona ; La Vecchia, Carlo ; Rossi, Marta

Background : Consumption of fruit and vegetables has been inversely related to gastric cancer. Two studies found that dietary antioxidant capacity has some role in explaining this association. We investigated the overall antioxidant effect from diet on gastric cancer using three measures of non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC). Methods : We used data from an Italian case-control study including 230 patients with incident, histologically confirmed gastric cancer, and 547 frequency matched [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (17 études cas-témoins, 6 études de cohorte ; 3 256 cas au total), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de produits laitiers et le risque de cancer de l'estomac

Dairy Consumption and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

Guo, Yanjun ; Shan, Zhilei ; Ren, Hongyu ; Chen, Weihong

Studies investigating the association of dairy consumption with gastric cancer risk have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to review and summarize the epidemiologic evidence on the relation of total dairy and milk consumption with risk of gastric cancer. We summarized the available literature on this topic using meta-analysis of relative risks (RR) associated with total dairy and milk intake. The total of 17 case-control and 6 cohort studies [...]

Cet article fait le point sur le métabolisme des acides gras poly-insaturés, puis passe en revue les études concernant le rôle de l'acide eicosapentaénoïque et de l'acide docosahexaénoïque, deux acides gras oméga-3, dans la prévention du cancer du sein et la survie des patientes atteintes de la maladie

Omega-3 fatty acids for breast cancer prevention and survivorship

Fabian, Carol ; Kimler, Bruce ; Hursting, Stephen

Women with evidence of high intake ratios of the marine omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) relative to the omega-6 arachidonic acid have been found to have a reduced risk of breast cancer compared with those with low ratios in some but not all case–control and cohort studies. If increasing EPA and DHA relative to arachidonic acid is effective in reducing breast cancer risk, likely mechanisms include reduction in proinflammatory lipid derivatives, [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin de cancer de la prostate, cette étude évalue l'effet de l'administration orale de la metformine et/ou de la rapamycine sur le développement et la progression de la tumeur

Effect of Metformin, Rapamycin and Their Combination on Growth and Progression of Prostate Tumors in HiMyc Mice

Saha, Achinto ; Blando, Jorge ; Tremmel, Lisa ; DiGiovanni, John

In this study, we compared the effect of oral administration of metformin (MET) and rapamycin (RAPA) alone or in combination on prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression in HiMyc mice. MET (250 mg/kg body weight in the drinking water), RAPA (2.24 mg/kg body weight microencapsulated in the diet) and the combination inhibited progression of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions to adenocarcinomas in the ventral prostate (VP). RAPA and the combination were more effective than MET at [...]

Menée à partir de données de registres norvégiens portant sur 90 842 pré-adolescentes nées entre 1997 et 1999, cette étude évalue, en fonction de critères socio-démographiques, la proportion d'entre elles ayant reçu une, deux ou trois doses de vaccin ciblant le papillomavirus humain dans le cadre d'un programme de vaccination en milieu scolaire

Correlates of HPV vaccine uptake in school-based routine vaccination of preadolescent girls in Norway: A register-based study of 90,000 girls and their parents

Hansen, Bo Terning ; Campbell, Suzanne ; Burger, Emily ; Nygård, Mari

Objective : To assess demographic, socioeconomic and behavioural correlates of HPV vaccination of preadolescent girls in a publicly funded, school-based vaccination programme. Methods : Data for all Norwegian girls born 1997–1999, eligible for routine school-based HPV vaccination in 2009–2011 (n=90,842), and their registered mother and father, were merged from national registries. Correlates of girl vaccination status were analysed by unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression. Results : [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en avril 2013 (37 études, 33 613 participants au total), cette méta-analyse évalue, par rapport aux messages textuels et en fonction de 17 critères d'efficacité (intention d'arrêter de fumer, perceptions vis-à-vis du tabagisme,...), l'intérêt des avertissements sanitaires graphiques des paquets de cigarettes

Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: a meta-analysis of experimental studies

Noar, Seth M ; Hall, Marissa G ; Francis, Diane B ; Ribisl, Kurt M ; Pepper, Jessica K ; Brewer, Noel T

Objective : To inform international research and policy, we conducted a meta-analysis of the experimental literature on pictorial cigarette pack warnings. Data sources : We systematically searched 7 computerised databases in April 2013 using several search terms. We also searched reference lists of relevant articles. Study selection : We included studies that used an experimental protocol to test cigarette pack warnings and reported data on both pictorial and text-only conditions. 37 studies [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de questionnaires auprès de 154 899 participants (âge : de 55 à 74 ans ; durée de suivi : 13 ans), cette étude évalue la relation entre le nombre d'années après l'arrêt du tabagisme et le risque de cancer du poumon chez les participants ayant fumé plus de 30 paquets de cigarettes par an

Lung cancer risk by years since quitting in 30+ pack year smokers

Pinsky, Paul F ; Zhu, Claire S ; Kramer, Barnett S

Objective : Current United States recommendations for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening limit eligibility to ever-smokers with 30+ pack-years, with former smokers eligible only within 15 years of quitting. The 15 year limit is partly based on perceived decreases in lung cancer risk as years since quitting (YSQ) increase. We examine the relationship between lung cancer risk and YSQ among 30+ pack-year former smokers. Methods : In the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and [...]