Cet article présente la procédure et la technologie permettant de délivrer de manière efficace et sécurisée une radiothérapie stéréotaxique corporelle, puis fait le point sur les indications, les résultats et les limites associés à ce type de traitement dans le cadre d'un cancer métastatique, d'un cancer du poumon ou du foie

Stereotactic body radiotherapy: A critical review for non–radiation oncologists

Kirkpatrick, John P. ; Kelsey, Christopher R. ; Palta, Manisha ; Cabrera, Alvin R. ; Salama, Joseph K. ; Patel, Pretesh ; Perez, Bradford A. ; Lee, Jason ; Yin, Fang-Fang

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) involves the treatment of extracranial primary tumors or metastases with a few, high doses of ionizing radiation. In SBRT, tumor kill is maximized and dose to surrounding tissue is minimized, by precise and accurate delivery of multiple radiation beams to the target. This is particularly challenging, because extracranial lesions often move with respiration and are irregular in shape, requiring careful treatment planning and continual management of this [...]

Menée sur 90 patients traités entre 2002 et 2007 pour un endobrachyœsophage avec lésion néoplasique (82 hommes et 8 femmes ; âge moyen : 63 ans ; durée moyenne de suivi : 64,8 mois), cette étude rétrospective multicentrique analyse le risque de récidive à long terme après résection endoscopique complète

Long-term recurrence of neoplasia and Barrett's epithelium after complete endoscopic resection

Anders, Mario ; Bähr, Christina ; El-Masry, Muhammad Abbas ; Marx, Andreas H ; Koch, Martin ; Seewald, Stefan ; Schachschal, Guido ; Adler, Andreas ; Soehendra, Nib ; Izbicki, Jakob ; Neuhaus, Peter ; Pohl, Heiko ; Rosch, Thomas

Background : Current endoscopic therapy for neoplastic Barrett's oesophagus (BO) consists of complete resection/ablation of all Barrett's tissue including neoplastic lesions. Recurrence seems to be frequent after thermal therapy, such as radiofrequency ablation. Objective : To analyse long-term recurrence of neoplasia and BO after successful widespread endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Design : In a retrospective analysis, all patients undergoing widespread EMR of neoplastic BO between 2002 [...]

Menée sur 24 patients atteints d'un second cancer primitif du poumon ou présentant une récidive loco-régionale, cette étude évalue le bénéfice, en termes de survie, d'une nouvelle irradiation du thorax par radiothérapie conventionnelle à haute dose

High-dose, conventionally fractionated thoracic reirradiation for lung tumors

Griffioen, Gwendolyn H. M. J. ; Dahele, Max ; de Haan, Patricia F. ; van de Ven, Peter M. ; Slotman, Ben J. ; Senan, Suresh

Background : Loco-regional recurrences and second primary lung tumors are not uncommon after high-dose thoracic radiotherapy. The availability of improved radiotherapy techniques increases options for reirradiation. We describe a single-institutional experience with high-dose conventional thoracic reirradiation for both loco-regional recurrences and new primary tumors. Methods : Retrospective chart review of patients undergoing reirradiation between Feb 2004 and Feb 2013. Results : Of 24 [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur 2 985 patients ayant subi une prostatectomie radicale assistée par robot, cette étude évalue le taux de curage ganglionnaire pelvien dans 5 établissements hospitaliers européens et analyse l'adhésion aux recommandations de l'association européenne d'urologie

Indication for and Extension of Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection During Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy: An Analysis of Five European Institutions

Nazareno, Suardi ; Alessandro, Larcher ; Alexander, Haese ; Vincenzo, Ficarra ; Alexander, Govorov ; Nicolò, M. Buffi ; Jochen, Walz ; Bernardo, Rocco ; Marco, Borghesi ; Thomas, Steuber ; Giovannalberto, Pini ; Alberto, Briganti ; Alexander, M. Mottrie ; Giorgio, Guazzoni ; Francesco, Montorsi ; Dmitry, Pushkar ; Henk Van der, Poel ; for the, E. A. U. Young Academic Urologists ; x, ; Robotic Section, n

Background : Several reports have shown that patients who undergo minimally invasive radical prostatectomy have a lower chance of undergoing pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), irrespective of the disease characteristics. Objective : We evaluated the rate and extension of PLND in patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). We tested the adherence of the indication for PLND to the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. Design, setting, and participants : Our [...]

Menée sur 52 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein de stade T1/T2N0 traité entre février 2003 et janvier 2005 (durée médiane de suivi : 79 mois), cette étude prospective évalue, du point de vue du taux de survie globale actuarielle à 6 ans, du taux de contrôle à distance de la maladie et des résultats esthétiques, l'efficacité d'une irradiation additionnelle peropératoire du lit tumoral par faisceau d'électrons suivie d'une radiothérapie du sein entier

Six-year Outcome of a Prospective Study Evaluating Tumor Bed Boost with Intra-operative Electron Irradiation Followed by whole-Breast Irradiation for Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Wong, William W. ; Pockaj, Barbara A. ; Vora, Sujay A. ; Halyard, Michele Y. ; Gray, Richard J. ; Schild, Steven E.

A prospective study was performed for patients with early-stage breast cancer in which a single fraction of intraoperative electron irradiation (IOERT) was given to the tumor bed, followed by conventional fractionated whole-breast irradiation (WBRT). Patients with T1/T2N0 breast cancer underwent lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy. A tumor bed boost of 10 Gy of IOERT using 6–12 MeV electrons was administered by a dedicated mobile linear accelerator in the operating room. After adequate [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juillet 2012 (11 études comparatives, 7 097 patientes), cette méta-analyse compare l'efficacité, du point de vue de la récidive locale, de la survenue de métastases distantes et de la survie, et la sécurité d'une irradiation accélérée partielle du sein et d'une irradiation du sein entier chez les patientes ayant subi un traitement chirurgical conservateur

Efficacy and Safety of Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation after Breast-conserving Surgery: A Meta-analysis of Published Comparative Studies

Kong, Lingling ; Cheng, Jian ; Ding, Xiuping ; Li, Baosheng ; Zhang, Jian ; Li, Hongsheng ; Huang, Wei ; Zhou, Tao ; Sun, Hongfu

To compare the treatment outcomes between accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) and conventional whole-breast irradiation (WBI) and to explore the efficacy and safety of APBI as an adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer who received breast-conserving therapy. Eligible studies were identified on Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library updated to July 10, 2012. Comparative studies were considered for inclusion. Analyses were carried out using Stata software. Eleven comparative [...]

Mené sur 14 patients atteints d'un cancer invasif de la vessie de stade pT2-pT4N0M0, cet essai de phase I évalue la dose maximale tolérée de la gemcitabine administrée deux fois par semaine en combinaison avec un traitement concomitant par cisplatine et radiothérapie

Combined Chemoradiation Therapy With Twice-Weekly Gemcitabine and Cisplatin for Organ Preservation in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Long-Term Results of a Phase 1 Trial

Azria, David ; Riou, Olivier ; Rebillard, Xavier ; Thezenas, Simon ; Thuret, Rodolphe ; Fenoglietto, Pascal ; Pouessel, Damien ; Culine, Stéphane

Purpose : Concomitant treatment with radiation therapy and cisplatin (CDDP) remains the gold standard for bladder preservation in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We present the long-term results of a phase 1 clinical trial to assess the association of twice-weekly gemcitabine with CDDP and radiation therapy in this setting. Methods and Materials : Patients with pT2-pT4N0M0 MIBC without hydronephrosis or diffuse carcinoma in situ were enrolled in this study. After maximal [...]

Menée sur deux modèles murins de cancer gastrointestinal associé à une inflammation, cette étude met en évidence une activité antitumorale d'un composé appelé AZD1480, un inhibiteur de Jak1/2

Therapeutic inhibition of Jak activity inhibits progression of gastrointestinal tumors in mice

Stuart, Emma C ; Buchert, Michael ; Putoczki, Tracy ; Thiem, Stefan ; Farid, Ryan ; Elzer, Joachim ; Huszar, Dennis ; Waring, Paul M. ; Phesse, Toby J ; Ernst, Matthias

Aberrant activation of the latent transcription factor STAT3 and its downstream targets is a common feature of epithelial-derived human cancers, including those of the gastrointestinal tract. Mouse models of gastrointestinal malignancy implicate Stat3 as a key mediator of inflammatory driven-tumorigenesis, where its cytokine/gp130/Jak-dependent activation provides a functional link through which the microenvironment sustains tumor promotion. Although therapeutic targeting of STAT3 is highly [...]

Menée de façon systématique à l'aide d'une bibliothèque de composés autorisés par la FDA, cette étude met en évidence la sensibilité de cellules de tumeurs stromales gastrointestinales à un inhibiteur du facteur de transcription SP1 (mithramycine A) et à un inhibiteur de la topoisomérase II (mitoxantrone)

Unbiased compound screening identifies unexpected drug sensitivities and novel treatment options for gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Boichuk, Sergei ; Lee, Derek J ; Mehalek, Keith R ; Makielski, Kathleen R ; Wozniak, Agnieszka ; Seneviratne, Danushka S. ; Korzeniewski, Nina ; Cuevas, Rolando ; Parry, Joshua A ; Brown, Matthew F. ; Zewe, James ; Taguchi, Takahiro ; Kuan, Shih-Fan ; Schöffski, Patrick ; Debiec-Rychter, Maria ; Duensing, Anette

Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are caused by oncogenic KIT or PDGFRA activation, and the small molecule kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate is an effective first-line therapy for metastatic or unresectable GIST. However, complete remissions are rare and most patients ultimately develop resistance, mostly due to secondary mutations in the driver oncogenic kinase. Hence there is a need for novel treatment options to delay failure of primary treatment and restore tumor control in [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide de xénogreffes, cette étude met en évidence l'activité antitumorale et la faible toxicité cardiovasculaire de nanoparticules assemblant des molécules de doxorubicine et de squalène

A unique squalenoylated and nonpegylated doxorubicin nanomedicine with systemic long-circulating properties and anticancer activity

Maksimenko, Andrei ; Dosio, Franco ; Mougin, Julie ; Ferrero, Annalisa ; Wack, Severine ; Reddy, L. Harivardhan ; Weyn, Andrée-Anne ; Lepeltier, Elise ; Bourgaux, Claudie ; Stella, Barbara ; Cattel, Luigi ; Couvreur, Patrick

We identified that the chemical linkage of the anticancer drug doxorubicin onto squalene, a natural lipid precursor of the cholesterol’s biosynthesis, led to the formation of squalenoyl doxorubicin (SQ-Dox) nanoassemblies of 130-nm mean diameter, with an original “loop-train” structure. This unique nanomedicine demonstrates: (i) high drug payload, (ii) decreased toxicity of the coupled anticancer compound, (iii) improved therapeutic response, (iv) use of biocompatible transporter material, and [...]

Menée sur des lignées cellulaires et 165 échantillons prélevés sur des patients atteints d'un lymphome à cellules du manteau, cette étude identifie la protéine kinase NIK comme cible thérapeutique, en particulier pour les lymphomes réfractaires aux inhibiteurs de la signalisation BCR

Pharmacological and genomic profiling identifies NF-[kappa]B-targeted treatment strategies for mantle cell lymphoma

Rahal, Rami ; Frick, Mareike ; Romero, Rodrigo ; Korn, Joshua M. ; Kridel, Robert ; Chun Chan, Fong ; Meissner, Barbara ; Bhang, Hyo-eun ; Ruddy, Dave ; Kauffmann, Audrey ; Farsidjani, Ali ; Derti, Adnan ; Rakiec, Daniel ; Naylor, Tara ; Pfister, Estelle ; Kovats, Steve ; Kim, Sunkyu ; Dietze, Kerstin ; Dörken, Bernd ; Steidl, Christian ; Tzankov, Alexandar ; Hummel, Michael ; Monahan, John ; Morrissey, Michael P. ; Fritsch, Christine ; Sellers, William R. ; Cooke, Vesselina G. ; Gascoyne, Randy D. ; Lenz, Georg ; Stegmeier, Frank

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive malignancy that is characterized by poor prognosis. Large-scale pharmacological profiling across more than 100 hematological cell line models identified a subset of MCL cell lines that are highly sensitive to the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling inhibitors ibrutinib and sotrastaurin. Sensitive MCL models exhibited chronic activation of the BCR-driven classical nuclear factor-

Menée in vitro et in vivo, cette étude évalue l'activité antitumorale du ganetespib, un inhibiteur de la protéine de choc thermique Hsp90, pour surmonter une résistance au vémurafénib dans le traitement d'un mélanome présentant la mutation V600E du gène BRAF

Overcoming Acquired BRAF Inhibitor Resistance in Melanoma via Targeted Inhibition of Hsp90 with Ganetespib

Acquaviva, Jaime ; Smith, Donald L ; Jimenez, John-Paul ; Zhang, Chaohua ; Sequeira, Manuel ; He, Suqin ; Sang, Jim ; Bates, Richard C ; Proia, David A

Activating BRAF kinase mutations serve as oncogenic drivers in over half of all melanomas, a feature that has been exploited in the development of new molecularly-targeted approaches to treat this disease. Selective BRAFV600E inhibitors, such as vemurafenib, typically induce initial, profound tumor regressions within this group of patients; however durable responses have been hampered by the emergence of drug resistance. Here we examined the activity of ganetespib, a small molecule inhibitor of [...]

Menée in vitro et in vivo, cette étude met en évidence l'activité antitumorale d'un composé appelé MIA-602, un antagoniste de l'hormone libérant l'hormone de croissance, pour le traitement d'un cancer de la prostate résistant à la castration ou dépendant des androgènes

Preclinical efficacy of growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonists for androgen-dependent and castration-resistant human prostate cancer

Fahrenholtz, Cale D. ; Rick, Ferenc G. ; Garcia, Maria I. ; Zarandi, Marta ; Cai, Ren-Zhi ; Block, Norman L. ; Schally, Andrew V. ; Burnstein, Kerry L.

Advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer responds to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT); however, therapeutic options for recurrent castration-resistant disease are limited. Because growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) are regulated in an autocrine fashion in prostate cancer, inhibition of GHRH-R represents a compelling approach to treatment. We investigated the effects of the latest series of improved, highly potent GHRH antagonists—MIA-602, MIA-606, and [...]

Menée à l’aide de modèles murins de cancer du sein, cette étude évalue l'intérêt d'une thérapie génique induisant l’expression d’interféron alpha dans des macrophages infiltrant les tumeurs

Genetic Engineering of Hematopoiesis for Targeted IFN-α Delivery Inhibits Breast Cancer Progression

Escobar, Giulia ; Moi, Davide ; Ranghetti, Anna ; Ozkal-Baydin, Pinar ; Squadrito, Mario Leonardo ; Kajaste-Rudnitski, Anna ; Bondanza, Attilio ; Gentner, Bernhard ; De Palma, Michele ; Mazzieri, Roberta ; Naldini, Luigi

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment represents a major hurdle to cancer therapy. We developed a gene transfer strategy into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to target transgene expression to tumor-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages. Using a combination of transcriptional and microRNA-mediated control, we achieved selective expression of an interferon-α (IFN-α) transgene in differentiated monocytes of human hematochimeric mice. We show that IFN-α transgene expression does not impair [...]

Menée à l’aide d’un modèle murin, cette étude évalue l'intérêt de nanoparticules comportant de l’ARN interférent anti HoxA1 pour prévenir la progression d’un carcinome canalaire in situ

Silencing HoxA1 by Intraductal Injection of siRNA Lipidoid Nanoparticles Prevents Mammary Tumor Progression in Mice

Brock, Amy ; Krause, Silva ; Li, Hu ; Kowalski, Marek ; Goldberg, Michael S. ; Collins, James J. ; Ingber, Donald E.

With advances in screening, the incidence of detection of premalignant breast lesions has increased in recent decades; however, treatment options remain limited to surveillance or surgical removal by lumpectomy or mastectomy. We hypothesized that disease progression could be blocked by RNA interference (RNAi) therapy and set out to develop a targeted therapeutic delivery strategy. Using computational gene network modeling, we identified HoxA1 as a putative driver of early mammary cancer [...]

Menée in vitro et in vivo, cette étude met en évidence des mécanismes par lesquels un composé appelé JI-34, un antagoniste de l'hormone libérant l'hormone de croissance, augmente l'activité antitumorale de la doxorubicine dans le traitement d'un glioblastome multiforme

Potentiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy by growth hormone-releasing hormone agonists

Jaszberenyi, Miklos ; Rick, Ferenc G. ; Popovics, Petra ; Block, Norman L. ; Zarandi, Marta ; Cai, Ren-Zhi ; Vidaurre, Irving ; Szalontay, Luca ; Jayakumar, Arumugam R. ; Schally, Andrew V.

The dismal prognosis of malignant brain tumors drives the development of new treatment modalities. In view of the multiple activities of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), we hypothesized that pretreatment with a GHRH agonist, JI-34, might increase the susceptibility of U-87 MG glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells to subsequent treatment with the cytotoxic drug, doxorubicin (DOX). This concept was corroborated by our findings, in vivo, showing that the combination of the GHRH agonist, [...]

Mené sur 781 patients atteints d'une leucémie lymphocytaire chronique et de diverses comorbidités (âge médian : 73 ans), cet essai évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue de la survie sans progression, et la toxicité de l'obinutuzumab, par comparaison avec le rituximab, en complément d'une chimiothérapie par chlorambucil

Obinutuzumab plus Chlorambucil in Patients with CLL and Coexisting Conditions

Goede, Valentin ; Fischer, Kirsten ; Busch, Raymonde ; Engelke, Anja ; Eichhorst, Barbara ; Wendtner, Clemens M. ; Chagorova, Tatiana ; de la Serna, Javier ; Dilhuydy, Marie-Sarah ; Illmer, Thomas ; Opat, Stephen ; Owen, Carolyn J. ; Samoylova, Olga ; Kreuzer, Karl-Anton ; Stilgenbauer, Stephan ; Döhner, Hartmut ; Langerak, Anton W. ; Ritgen, Matthias ; Kneba, Michael ; Asikanius, Elina ; Humphrey, Kathryn ; Wenger, Michael ; Hallek, Michael

Background : The monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab, combined with chemotherapeutic agents, has been shown to prolong overall survival in physically fit patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) but not in those with coexisting conditions. We investigated the benefit of the type 2, glycoengineered antibody obinutuzumab (also known as GA101) as compared with that of rituximab, each combined with chlorambucil, in patients with previously untreated CLL and [...]

Mené sur 83 patients atteints d'une leucémie lymphocytaire chronique, cet essai de phase I évalue l'activité antitumorale et la toxicité de l'otlertuzumab, un anticorps monoclonal anti CD37

A Phase 1 Study Evaluating the Safety and Tolerability of Otlertuzumab (TRU-016), an Anti-CD37 Mono-specific ADAPTIRTM Therapeutic Protein in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Byrd, John C. ; Pagel, John M. ; Awan, Farrukh T. ; Forero, Andres ; Flinn, Ian W. ; Deauna-Limayo, Delva P. ; Spurgeon, Stephen E. ; Andritsos, Leslie A. ; Gopal, Ajay K. ; Leonard, John P. ; Eisenfeld, Amy J. ; Bannink, Jeannette E. ; Stromatt, Scott C. ; Furman, Richard R.

Otlertuzumab is a novel humanized anti-CD37 protein therapeutic. This study evaluated the safety of otlertuzumab administered intravenously to patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Otlertuzumab was administered IV weekly for up to 8 weeks followed by 4 monthly doses ranging from 0.03 to 20 mg/kg in the dose escalation phase and 10 to 30 mg/kg in the expansion phase. Responses were determined using the 1996 NCI criteria and 2008 IWCLL criteria. Fifty-seven patients were treated in [...]

Mené sur 835 patientes atteintes d'un cancer de l'ovaire, cet essai évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue de la survie sans progression et de la survie globale, et la toxicité de l'erlotinib en traitement d'entretien après une chimiothérapie de première ligne

Randomized Phase III Study of Erlotinib Versus Observation in Patients With No Evidence of Disease Progression After First-Line Platin-Based Chemotherapy for Ovarian Carcinoma: A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Gynaecological Cancer Group, and Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup Study

Vergote, Ignace B. ; Jimeno, Antonio ; Joly, Florence ; Katsaros, Dionyssios ; Coens, Corneel ; Despierre, Evelyn ; Marth, Christian ; Hall, Marcia ; Steer, Christopher B. ; Colombo, Nicoletta ; Lesoin, Anne ; Casado, Antonio ; Reinthaller, Alexander ; Green, John ; Buck, Martin ; Ray-Coquard, Isabelle ; Ferrero, Annamaria ; Favier, Laure ; Reed, Nick Simon ; Curé, Hervé ; Pujade-Lauraine, Eric

Purpose This trial evaluated the efficacy of maintenance erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, after first-line chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had high-risk International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I or stage II to IV epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer and were not selected for EGFR expression. All patients underwent first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (CT) and showed no signs of [...]

Mené sur 655 patients atteints d'un cancer du poumon non à petites cellules de stade avancé, cet essai international de phase III évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue de la survie sans progression, et la toxicitié d'un traitement de seconde ligne combinant docétaxel et nintedanib

Docetaxel plus nintedanib versus docetaxel plus placebo in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (LUME-Lung 1): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised controlled trial

Reck, Martin ; Kaiser, Rolf ; Mellemgaard, Anders ; Douillard, Jean-Yves ; Orlov, Sergey ; Krzakowski, Maciej ; von Pawel, Joachim ; Gottfried, Maya ; Bondarenko, Igor ; Liao, Meilin ; Gann, Claudia-Nanette ; Barrueco, José ; Gaschler-Markefski, Birgit ; Novello, Silvia

Background : The phase 3 LUME-Lung 1 study assessed the efficacy and safety of docetaxel plus nintedanib as second-line therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods : Patients from 211 centres in 27 countries with stage IIIB/IV recurrent NSCLC progressing after first-line chemotherapy, stratified by ECOG performance status, previous bevacizumab treatment, histology, and presence of brain metastases, were allocated (by computer-generated sequence through an interactive third-party [...]

Mené sur 30 patients atteints d'un sarcome de Kaposi associé à un sida, cet essai de phase II évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue du taux de réponse, et la toxicité de l'imatinib

Phase II Trial of Imatinib in AIDS-Associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma: AIDS Malignancy Consortium Protocol 042

Koon, Henry B. ; Krown, Susan E. ; Lee, Jeannette Y. ; Honda, Kord ; Rapisuwon, Suthee ; Wang, Zhenghe ; Aboulafia, David ; Reid, Erin G. ; Rudek, Michelle A. ; Dezube, Bruce J. ; Noy, Ariela

Purpose Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a disease of multifocal vascular proliferation that requires infection with KS herpes virus (KSHV/HHV-8). Activation of the c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors by autocrine/paracrine mechanisms follows endothelial cell KSHV infection. In a pilot study, imatinib, a c-kit/PDGF-receptor inhibitor, induced partial regression of AIDS-associated KS (AIDS-KS) in five of 10 patients. Patients and Methods This multicenter phase II study was designed [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude montre qu'un traitement anti–PD-L1 et une radiothérapie peuvent de façon synergique induire une immunité antitumorale

Irradiation and anti–PD-L1 treatment synergistically promote antitumor immunity in mice

Deng, Liufu ; Liang, Hua ; Burnette, Byron ; Beckett, Michael ; Darga, Thomas ; Weichselbaum, Ralph R. ; Fu, Yang-Xin

High-dose ionizing irradiation (IR) results in direct tumor cell death and augments tumor-specific immunity, which enhances tumor control both locally and distantly. Unfortunately, local relapses often occur following IR treatment, indicating that IR-induced responses are inadequate to maintain antitumor immunity. Therapeutic blockade of the T cell negative regulator programmed death–ligand 1 (PD-L1, also called B7-H1) can enhance T cell effector function when PD-L1 is expressed in chronically [...]

Menée à partir des données 2004-2008 des registres américains des cancers portant sur 2 966 patients atteints d'un cancer du pancréas traité par chirurgie et chimiothérapie, cette étude évalue, en termes de survie globale, le bénéfice d'une radiothérapie adjuvante et d'un curage ganglionnaire

Adjuvant radiotherapy and lymph node dissection in pancreatic cancer treated with surgery and chemotherapy

Mellon, Eric A. ; Springett, Gregory M. ; Hoffe, Sarah E. ; Hodul, Pamela ; Malafa, Mokenge P. ; Meredith, Kenneth L. ; Fulp, William J. ; Zhao, Xiuhua ; Shridhar, Ravi

BACKGROUND : The objective of this study was to determine the effects of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) and lymph node dissection (LND) on survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS : The 2004 to 2008 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was analyzed to identify patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent surgery and received chemotherapy and to evaluate the correlation between overall survival (OS), PORT, and LND. RESULTS : In total, 2966 patients [...]

Menée à partir des données 1998-2002 du registre national des cancers portant sur 5 414 patients atteints d'un adénocarcinome du pancréas traité par chimioradiothérapie, cette étude américaine évalue, du point de vue du stade de la maladie lors de l'intervention chirurgicale, du taux de marges de résection négatives et de la survie, l'intérêt d'une radiothérapie préopératoire par rapport à une radiothérapie postopératoire

Chemoradiation therapy sequencing for resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the National Cancer Data Base

Colbert, Lauren E. ; Hall, William A. ; Nickleach, Dana ; Switchenko, Jeffrey ; Kooby, David A. ; Liu, Yuan ; Gillespie, Theresa ; Lipscomb, Joseph ; Kauh, John ; Landry, Jerome C.

BACKGROUND : Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) has low overall survival (OS) rates and high recurrence rates following surgical resection. The role for preoperative radiation therapy (prRT) for PAC versus postoperative RT (poRT) remains uncertain. The authors used the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to report prRT outcomes for the largest multi-institutional patient cohort to date. METHODS : NCDB data were obtained for all patients who underwent resection and external beam radiation (RT) for PAC [...]

Mené sur 402 patientes atteintes d'un carcinome du col de l'utérus de stade IB2, IIA, IIB, IIIB ou IVA (durée médiane de suivi : 28,3 mois), cet essai prospectif de phase III évalue, du point de vue de la survie sans progression, de la survie globale et de la tolérabilité, l'intérêt d'ajouter la tirapazamine à une chimioradiothérapie par cisplatine

Phase III Randomized Trial of Weekly Cisplatin and Irradiation Versus Cisplatin and Tirapazamine and Irradiation in Stages IB2, IIA, IIB, IIIB, and IVA Cervical Carcinoma Limited to the Pelvis: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study

DiSilvestro, Paul A. ; Ali, Shamshad ; Craighead, Peter S. ; Lucci, Joseph A. ; Lee, Yi-Chun ; Cohn, David E. ; Spirtos, Nicola M. ; Tewari, Krishnasu S. ; Muller, Carolyn ; Gajewski, Walter H. ; Steinhoff, Margaret M. ; Monk, Bradley J.

Purpose : This prospective, randomized phase III intergroup trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group and National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group was designed to test the effectiveness and safety of adding the hypoxic cell sensitizer tirapazamine (TPZ) to standard cisplatin (CIS) chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervix cancer. Patients and Methods : Patients with locally advanced cervix cancer were randomly assigned to CIS chemoradiotherapy versus CIS/TPZ chemoradiotherapy. [...]

Menée auprès de167 patients atteints d'un carcinome épidermoïde de la tête et du cou traité entre 1988 et 2006, cette étude rétrospective évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue de la survie globale à 3 et 5 ans, et la toxicité d'une chimioradiothérapie concomitante

Results of concurrent radio-chemotherapy for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in everyday clinical practice with special reference to early mortality

Schlumpf, Michael ; Fischer, Claude ; Naehrig, Diana ; Rochlitz, Christoph ; Buess, Martin

Background : Randomized controlled trials have established concurrent chemo-radiotherapy as the preferred treatment option for inoperable local-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Because many patients have multiple co-morbidities and would not fulfill the eligibility criteria of clinical trials, the results need to be re-evaluated in daily clinical practice with special reference to early mortality. Methods : 167 consecutive patients with HNSCC who received [...]