A partir des données de la cohorte "NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort" incluant 293 511 participants, cette étude prospective analyse l'impact d'une activité physique sur la mortalité par cancer

Physical activity and cancer-specific mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort

Arem, Hannah ; Moore, Steve C. ; Park, Yikyung ; Ballard-Barbash, Rachel ; Hollenbeck, Albert ; Leitzmann, Michael ; Matthews, Charles E.

Higher physical activity levels have been associated with a lower risk of developing various cancers and all-cancer mortality, but the impact of pre-diagnosis physical activity on cancer-specific death has not been fully characterized. In the prospective National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study with 293,511 men and women, we studied prediagnosis moderate to vigorous intensity leisure time physical activity (MVPA) in the past 10 years and cancer-specific mortality. Over a median [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 477 071 participants de l'étude EPIC (70% de femmes ; durée médiane de suivi : 11,6 ans) puis à l'aide des données d'une étude cas-témoins nichée dans la cohorte (1 252 cas et 2 175 témoins), cette étude évalue, en fonction du niveau d'activité d'enzymes impliquées dans le métabolisme de la caféine (CYP1A2 et NAT2), l'association entre la consommation de café ou de thé et le risque de cancer colorectal (4 234 cas)

Coffee and tea consumption, genotype-based CYP1A2 and NAT2 activity and colorectal cancer risk—Results from the EPIC cohort study

Dik, Vincent K. ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas ; Van Oijen, Martijn G. H. ; Siersema, Peter D. ; Uiterwaal, Cuno S. P. M. ; van Gils, Carla H. ; van Duijnhoven, Fränzel J. B. ; Cauchi, Stephane ; Yengo, Loic ; Froguel, Philippe ; Overvad, Kim ; Bech, Bodil H. ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Olsen, Anja ; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine ; Racine, Antoine ; Fagherazzi, Guy ; Kühn, Tilman ; Campa, Daniele ; Boeing, Heiner ; Aleksandrova, Krasimira ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Peppa, Eleni ; Oikonomou, Eleni ; Palli, Domenico ; Grioni, Sara ; Vineis, Paolo ; Tumino, Rosaria ; Panico, Salvatore ; Peeters, Petra H. M. ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Engeset, Dagrun ; Braaten, Tonje ; Dorronsoro, Miren ; Chirlaque, María-Dolores ; Sánchez, María-José ; Barricarte, Aurelio ; Zamora-Ros, Raul ; Argüelles, Marcial ; Jirström, Karin ; Wallström, Peter ; Nilsson, Lena M. ; Ljuslinder, Ingrid ; Travis, Ruth C. ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; Wareham, Nick ; Freisling, Heinz ; Licaj, Idlir ; Jenab, Mazda ; Gunter, Marc J. ; Murphy, Neil ; Romaguera-Bosch, Dora ; Riboli, Elio

Coffee and tea contain numerous antimutagenic and antioxidant components and high levels of caffeine that may protect against colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the association between coffee and tea consumption and CRC risk and studied potential effect modification by CYP1A2 and NAT2 genotypes, enzymes involved in the metabolization of caffeine. Data from 477,071 participants (70.2% female) of the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study were analyzed. At [...]

Menée à partir d'un modèle de simulation, cette étude évalue l'efficacité et le rapport coût-efficacité d'un traitement combinant aspirine et statines pour prévenir le risque d'adénocarcinome de l'œsophage chez les patients présentant un endobrachyœsophage

Statins and Aspirin for Chemoprevention in Barrett's Esophagus: Results of a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Choi, Sung Eun ; Perzan, Katherine ; Tramontano, Angela C. ; Kong, Chung Yin ; Hur, Chin

Data suggest that aspirin, statins, or a combination of the two drugs may lower the progression of Barrett's esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, aspirin is associated with potential complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke, and statins are associated with myopathy. We developed a simulation disease model to study the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of aspirin and statin chemoprevention against EAC. A decision analytic Markov model was [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juin 2013 (29 études), cette méta-analyse montre que l'utilisation de statines n'est pas associée à une réduction du risque de cancer de la peau

Statin use is not associated with reduced risk of skin cancer: a meta-analysis

Li, X. ; Wu, X. B. ; Chen, Q.

Background : There is contradictory evidence about the association between statin and skin cancer. Methods : Literature search in PubMed and Web of Science was undertaken up to June 2013. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Result : A total of 21 articles with 29 studies were identified. No association was found between statin and skin cancer among neither melanoma (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.85–1.04) nor non-melanoma skin cancer (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, [...]

Menée à l'aide de modèles murins, cette étude montre que l'inhibition du récepteur CXCR2 peut améliorer l'efficacité du sulindac dans la prévention du cancer du côlon

CXCR2 inhibition enhances sulindac-mediated suppression of colon cancer development

Lee, Yong Suk ; Choi, Dongwon ; Kim, Nam Yoon ; Yang, Sara ; Jung, Eunson ; Hong, Mingu ; Yang, Dongyun ; Lenz, Heinz-Josef ; Hong, Young-Kwon

Small chemical compound sulindac has been approved as a preventive approach against colon cancer for its effectiveness in treatment of precancerous adenoma. Due to its severe toxicities in the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and renal systems, however, a combination of low-dose sulindac with other chemopreventive agents has been sought after as an alternative therapeutic strategy that could increase its effectiveness, while minimizing its adverse effects. To identify the promising alternative [...]

Menée à l'aide d'une lignée cellulaire de carcinome épidermoïde de la cavité buccale, cette étude analyse les effets chimiopréventifs du resvératrol sur l'adhésion cellulaire, la migration et l'invasion des cellules tumorales

Effects of resveratrol on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells in vitro

Shan, Zhou ; Yang, Guo ; Xiang, Wang ; Pei-jun, Wang ; Bin, Zhang

Purpose : Resveratrol has been reported to exhibit anti-cancer activity. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of resveratrol on the adhesion, migration, and invasion of the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line KB cell in vitro. Methods : The effect of resveratrol on KB cell adhesion was evaluated by a MTT colorimetric assay, whereas its effects on cell migration and invasion were assessed by a Transwell assay. Results : The MTT assay revealed that the adhesion of KB cells [...]

Menée au Canada auprès de 3 541 participantes et 9 594 témoins (âge : 15 ans ou plus), cette étude évalue, du point de vue de la survenue de lésions cervicales de faible ou haut grade, l'efficacité d'un vaccin quadrivalent contre le papillomavirus humain en fonction de l'âge des participantes au moment de leur vaccination

Effectiveness of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Against Cervical Dysplasia in Manitoba, Canada

Mahmud, Salaheddin M. ; Kliewer, Erich V. ; Lambert, Pascal ; Bozat-Emre, Songul ; Demers, Alain A.

Purpose : Effectiveness of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (QHPV) vaccine against cervical dysplasia has not been estimated using population-based individual level data. We assessed the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the QHPV vaccine against cervical dysplasia using data collected routinely in Manitoba. Methods : Females ≥ 15 years old who received the QHPV vaccine in Manitoba between September 2006 and April 2010 privately (n = 3,541) were matched on age to up to three nonvaccinated [...]

A partir des données de deux enquêtes portant sur 32 156 patients présentant des troubles psychiques et sur 133 113 témoins, cette étude analyse l'évolution du taux de tabagisme sur la période 2004-2011 pour ces deux populations ainsi que la relation entre la prise en charge thérapeutique de la maladie et le taux de sevrage tabagique

Trends in smoking among adults with mental illness and association between mental health treatment and smoking cessation

Cook, B. ; Wayne, G. ; Kafali, E. ; Liu, Z. ; Shu, C. ; Flores, M.

Importance : Significant progress has been made in reducing the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States. However, tobacco cessation efforts have focused on the general population rather than individuals with mental illness, who demonstrate greater rates of tobacco use and nicotine dependence. Objectives : To assess whether declines in tobacco use have been realized among individuals with mental illness and examine the association between mental health treatment and smoking cessation. [...]

Mené sur 87 fumeurs atteints de schizophrénie ou présentant des troubles bipolaires, cet essai randomisé multicentrique évalue l'intérêt d'ajouter un traitement d'entretien par varénicline à une thérapie comportementale cognitive pour améliorer le taux d'abstinence tabagique sur le long terme

Maintenance treatment with varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A randomized clinical trial

Evins, A. ; Cather, C. ; Pratt, S. A. ; et al.,

Importance : It is estimated that more than half of those with serious mental illness smoke tobacco regularly. Standard courses of pharmacotherapeutic cessation aids improve short-term abstinence, but most who attain abstinence relapse rapidly after discontinuation of pharmacotherapy. Objective : To determine whether smokers diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disease have higher rates of prolonged tobacco abstinence with maintenance pharmacotherapy than with standard treatment. Design, [...]

Mené auprès de 506 fumeurs de cigarettes (âge : 18 ans ou plus ; durée de suivi : 1 an), cet essai randomisé évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue des taux d'abstinence tabagique, et la toxicité d'un traitement de 12 semaines combinant la varénicline et le bupropion à libération prolongée par rapport à la varénicline seule

Combination varenicline and bupropion sr for tobacco-dependence treatment in cigarette smokers: A randomized trial

Ebbert, J. O. ; Hatsukami, D. K. ; Croghan, I. T. ; et al.,

Importance : Combining pharmacotherapies for tobacco-dependence treatment may increase smoking abstinence. Objective : To determine efficacy and safety of varenicline and bupropion sustained-release (SR; combination therapy) compared with varenicline (monotherapy) in cigarette smokers. Design, Setting, and Participants : Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial with a 12-week treatment period and follow-up through week 52 conducted between October 2009 and April 2013 [...]