Menée à partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre 2005 et 2012 (19 articles), cette étude australienne évalue le taux de fumeurs ayant arrêté ou essayé d'arrêter le tabagisme sans soutien identifié

What do we know about unassisted smoking cessation in Australia? A systematic review, 2005–2012

Smith, Andrea L ; Chapman, Simon ; Dunlop, Sally M

Context : A significant proportion of smokers who quit do so on their own without formal help (ie, without professionally or pharmacologically mediated assistance), yet research into how smokers quit focuses primarily on assisted methods of cessation. Objective : The aim of the present work was to systematically review recent smoking cessation research in Australia, a nation advanced in tobacco control, to determine what is known about smokers who quit unassisted in order to (1) inform a [...]

Menée à partir d'enquêtes transversales conduites en 2010 et 2011 auprès de jeunes adultes fréquentant des bars de San Diego, d'Oklahoma City ou de Tulsa (âge :18 à 26 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre le tabagisme passif et le comportement vis-à-vis du tabac

Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Smoking Behavior Among Young Adult Bar Patrons

Kalkhoran, Sara ; Neilands, Torsten B. ; Ling, Pamela M.

Objectives : We described frequency of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among young adults patronizing bars and associations between SHS exposure, attitudes, and smoking behavior. Methods : We collected cross-sectional surveys from randomized time–location samples of bar patrons aged 18 to 26 years in San Diego, California, and Oklahoma City and Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 2010 to 2011. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated associations between SHS exposure, attitudes about dangers of SHS, [...]

Menée à partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en 2013 (18 études), cette méta-analyse évalue, en fonction du sexe, l'association entre le niveau sérique de 25-hydroxy-vitamine D et le risque de cancer ainsi que la mortalité

Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum concentration and total cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yin, Lu ; Mena, Jose M. Ordonez ; Chen, Tianhui ; Schottker, Ben ; Arndt, Volker ; Brenner, Hermann

Objective : To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies on the association of 25(OH)D with total cancer incidence and mortality. Method : Relevant longitudinal observational studies were identified by systematically searching Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Knowledge databases. Due to the heterogeneity across studies in categorizing 25(OH)D concentration, all results were recalculated for an increase of 25(OH)D by 50 nmol/L. Results : In meta-analyses with [...]

A partir d'un modèle de simulation intégrant des données issues de la littérature et de 8 études chez l'animal, cette étude estime la dose quotidienne nécessaire de resvératrol pour réduire le risque de cancer associé à la consommation d'éthanol

Can resveratrol in wine protect against the carcinogenicity of ethanol? A probabilistic dose-response assessment

Lachenmeier, Dirk W. ; Godelmann, Rolf ; Witt, Barbara ; Riedel, Kerstin ; Rehm, Jürgen

Resveratrol, which may occur in wine, was suggested to act as a chemopreventive agent against the carcinogenic effects of ethanol. The assumption was based on data from experimental animals, which have shown that resveratrol above certain thresholds may reduce the incidence of tumours in several of the alcohol-related cancer sites (colon, liver and female breast). Using a probabilistic Monte Carlo type methodology, we estimated daily intake based on chemical analysis of resveratrol (n = 672) [...]

Menée à partir d'entretiens face à face avec 359 patients atteints d'un cancer de l'œsophage et 380 témoins, cette étude chinoise montre que la consommation de fibres d'origine alimentaire est associée à une réduction du risque de développer la maladie

Dietary fibre intake associated with reduced risk of oesophageal cancer in Xinjiang, China

Tang, Li ; Xu, Fenglian ; Zhang, Taotao ; Lei, Jun ; Binns, Colin W. ; Lee, Andy H.

Objective : To ascertain the relationship between dietary fibre intake and risk of oesophageal cancer in remote northwest China, where the cancer incidence is known to be high. Methods : A case–control study was conducted during 2008–2009 in the Urumqi and Shihezi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Participants were 359 incident oesophageal cancer patients and 380 hospital-based controls. Information on habitual foods consumption was obtained by face-to-face interview, from which [...]

Menée à partir d'entretiens auprès de 224 femmes d'origine chinoise et âgées de 36 à 58 ans, cette étude américaine analyse, en fonction de la capacité de l'organisme à produire de l'équol (une phytoestrogène provenant de la dégradation de la daidzéine, une isoflavone), la relation entre la consommation d'isoflavones et la densité mammaire

Equol producing status, isoflavone intake, and breast density in a sample of US Chinese women

Tseng, Marilyn ; Byrne, Celia ; Kurzer, Mindy S. ; Fang, Carolyn Y.

Background : Differences in ability to metabolize daidzein to equol might help explain inconsistent findings regarding isoflavones and breast cancer. We examined equol producing status in relation to breast density, a marker of breast cancer risk, and evaluated whether an association of isoflavone intake with breast density differs by equol producing status in a sample of Chinese immigrant women. Methods : Participants were 224 women, age 36-58 years, enrolled in a study on diet and breast [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 23 356 femmes ménopausées (durée de suivi : 20 ans), cette étude prospective évalue, en fonction de l'indice de masse corporelle, l'association entre la consommation de café, de caféine ou d'autres méthylxanthines et le risque de cancer de l'endomètre de type I (471 cas) ou de type II (71 cas)

Intake of coffee, caffeine and other methylxanthines and risk of Type I vs Type II endometrial cancer

Uccella, S. ; Mariani, A. ; Wang, A. H. ; Vierkant, R. A. ; Cliby, W. A. ; Robien, K. ; Anderson, K. E. ; Cerhan, J. R.

Background : Coffee and other sources of methylxanthines and risk of Type I vs Type II endometrial cancer (EC) have not been evaluated previously. Methods : Prospective cohort of 23 356 postmenopausal women with 471 Type I and 71 Type II EC cases. Results : Type I EC was statistically significantly associated with caffeinated (relative risk (RR)=0.65 for 4+ cups per day vs less than or equal to1 cup per month: 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–0.89) but not decaffeinated (RR=0.76; 95% CI: [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur 724 patientes, atteintes d'un cancer du col de l'utérus diagnostiqué entre janvier 1995 et décembre 2010, et sur 3 479 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens, dont l'aspirine, et le risque de développer la maladie

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and cervical cancer risk: A case-control study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink

Wilson, J. C. ; O’Rorke, M. A. ; Cooper, J. A. ; Murray, L. J. ; Hughes, C. M. ; Gormley, G. J. ; Anderson, L. A.

Purpose : Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have many anticarcinogenic properties via the inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Only one study, a cohort study examining risk of all cancers, investigated their role in cervical cancer with inconsistent findings between non-aspirin NSAIDs and aspirin. The aim of this study was to further investigate NSAID/aspirin use and cervical cancer risk. Methods : Using the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink, 724 women diagnosed [...]

Menée en Picardie à partir des données de remboursement des vaccins anti-papillomavirus humain pour les adolescentes ou jeunes femmes âgées de 14 à 23 ans, cette étude rétrospective évalue le taux de couverture vaccinale entre 2009 et 2010, l’observance du schéma vaccinal chez les femmes ayant reçu au moins une dose et identifie les facteurs socioéconomiques associés

Human papillomavirus vaccines in Picardy, France: Coverage and correlation with socioeconomic factors

Ganry, O. ; Bernin-Mereau, A. S. ; Gignon, M. ; Merlin-Brochard, J. ; Schmit, J. L.

Background : In France, the human papillomavirus vaccine is routinely recommended for 14-year-old females and a “catch-up” vaccination should be offered to female adolescents who are between 15 and 23 years of age. Currently, few studies are available on the coverage rates in France. The aim of this study was to evaluate the coverage of the human papillomavirus vaccine and compliance with the vaccination scheme in Picardy, between 2009 and 2010, and to analyze the socioeconomic factors possibly [...]