Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 298 lycéens n'ayant jamais fumé (âge moyen : 17,4 ans), cette étude prospective analyse la relation entre l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique à l'adolescence et le risque de tabagisme lors du passage à l'âge adulte

E-Cigarettes and Future Cigarette Use

Barrington-Trimis, Jessica L. ; Urman, Robert ; Berhane, Kiros ; Unger, Jennifer B. ; Cruz, Tess Boley ; Pentz, Mary Ann ; Samet, Jonathan M. ; Leventhal, Adam M. ; McConnell, Rob

BACKGROUND : There has been little research examining whether e-cigarette use increases the risk of cigarette initiation among adolescents in the transition to adulthood when the sale of cigarettes becomes legal. METHODS : The Children’s Health Study is a prospectively followed cohort in Southern California. Data on e-cigarette use were collected in 11th and 12th grade (mean age = 17.4); follow-up data on tobacco product use were collected an average of 16 months later from never-smoking [...]

Mené à partir de questionnaires auprès de 932 participants ayant une pratique tabagique et/ou utilisant la cigarette électronique (âge : 30 à 75 ans ; durée de suivi : 24 mois), cet essai évalue l'efficacité de la cigarette électronique pour arrêter le tabagisme

Cohort study of electronic cigarette use : effectiveness and safety at 24 months

Manzoli, Lamberto ; Flacco, Maria Elena ; Ferrante, Margherita ; La Vecchia, Carlo ; Siliquini, Roberta ; Ricciardi, Walter ; Marzuillo, Carolina ; Villari, Paolo ; Fiore, Maria

Objective : To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of e-cigarettes, by comparing users of only e-cigarettes, smokers of only tobacco cigarettes and dual users. Design Prospective cohort study : We update previous 12-month findings and report the results of the 24-month follow-up. Data sources : Direct contact and questionnaires by phone or via internet. Methods : Adults (30–75 years) were classified as: (1) tobacco smokers, if they smoked ≥1 tobacco cigarette/day, (2) e-cigarette users, if [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en avril 2016 (45 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la quantité de céréales complètes consommées quotidiennement et la mortalité spécifique ou la mortalité toutes causes confondues ainsi que le risque de cancer ou de maladie cardiovasculaire

Whole grain consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all cause and cause specific mortality : systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Aune, Dagfinn ; Keum, NaNa ; Giovannucci, Edward ; Fadnes, Lars T ; Boffetta, Paolo ; Greenwood, Darren C ; Tonstad, Serena ; Vatten, Lars J ; Riboli, Elio ; Norat, Teresa

Objective : To quantify the dose-response relation between consumption of whole grain and specific types of grains and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all cause and cause specific mortality. Data sources : PubMed and Embase searched up to 3 April 2016. Study selection : Prospective studies reporting adjusted relative risk estimates for the association between intake of whole grains or specific types of grains and cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all cause or cause [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 477 309 participants de la cohorte EPIC (durée de suivi : 11,3 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation d'aliments riches en flavonoïdes ou en lignanes et le risque de cancer du pancréas (865 cas)

Flavonoid and lignan intake and pancreatic cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort

Molina-Montes, Esther ; Sánchez, María-José ; Zamora-Ros, Raul ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. ; Wark, Petra A. ; Obón-Santacana, Mireia ; Kühn, Tilman ; Katzke, Verena ; Travis, Ruth C. ; Ye, Weimin ; Sund, Malin ; Naccarati, Alessio ; Mattiello, Amalia ; Krogh, Vittorio ; Martorana, Caterina ; Masala, Giovanna ; Amiano, Pilar ; Huerta, José-María ; Barricarte, Aurelio ; Quirós, José-Ramón ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Angell Åsli, Lene ; Skeie, Guri ; Ericson, Ulrika ; Sonestedt, Emily ; Peeters, Petra H. ; Romieu, Isabelle ; Scalbert, Augustin ; Overvad, Kim ; Clemens, Matthias ; Boeing, Heiner ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Peppa, Eleni ; Vidalis, Pavlos ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; Wareham, Nick ; Olsen, Anja ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Boutroun-Rualt, Marie-Christine ; Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise ; Cross, Amanda J. ; Lu, Yunxia ; Riboli, Elio ; Duell, Eric J.

Despite the potential cancer preventive effects of flavonoids and lignans, their ability to reduce pancreatic cancer risk has not been demonstrated in epidemiological studies. Our aim was to examine the association between dietary intakes of flavonoids and lignans and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. A total of 865 exocrine pancreatic cancer cases occurred after 11.3 years of follow-up of 477,309 cohort members. Dietary [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 47 299 participants (période de suivi : 26 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de noix et le risque de cancer de la prostate, la mortalité spécifique ou la mortalité toutes causes confondues

Nut consumption and prostate cancer risk and mortality

Wang, Weike ; Yang, Meng ; Kenfield, Stacey A. ; Hu, Frank B. ; Stampfer, Meir J. ; Willett, Walter C. ; Fuchs, Charles S. ; Giovannucci, Edward L. ; Bao, Ying

Background : Little is known of the association between nut consumption, and prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and survivorship. Methods : We conducted an incidence analysis and a case-only survival analysis in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study on the associations of nut consumption (updated every 4 years) with PCa diagnosis, and PCa-specific and overall mortality. Results : In 26 years, 6810 incident PCa cases were identified from 47 299 men. There was no association between nut [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 78 273 femmes ménopausées (âge : 50 à 79 ans ; durée moyenne de suivi : 12,4 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la qualité du régime alimentaire, mesurée par différents systèmes d'indice, et le risque de cancer colorectal (938 cas)

Diet Quality and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study

Vargas, Ashley J. ; Neuhouser, Marian L. ; George, Stephanie M. ; Thomson, Cynthia A. ; Ho, Gloria Y. F. ; Rohan, Thomas E. ; Kato, Ikuko ; Nassir, Rami ; Hou, Lifang ; Manson, JoAnn E.

Diet quality index scores on Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010), Alternative HEI-2010, alternative Mediterranean Diet Index, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index have been inversely associated with all-cause and cancer-specific death. This study assessed the association between these scores and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence as well as CRC-specific mortality in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (1993–2012), a US study of postmenopausal women. During [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre 2006 et 2015 (51 articles), cette étude identifie les interventions permettant d'améliorer le taux de vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain chez les adolescents et jeunes adultes âgés de 11 à 26 ans

Interventions to Improve HPV Vaccine Uptake : A Systematic Review

Walling, Emily B. ; Benzoni, Nicole ; Dornfeld, Jarrod ; Bhandari, Rusha ; Sisk, Bryan A. ; Garbutt, Jane ; Colditz, Graham

CONTEXT : The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a safe, effective cancer prevention method that is underutilized in the United States. Despite increased understanding of barriers to vaccination, rates remain low. Globally, developed and developing nations have achieved high rates of vaccination. OBJECTIVE : Identification of effective strategies is necessary to optimize uptake of the HPV vaccine. We systematically reviewed the literature for national and international interventions that [...]

Mené auprès de 2 149 adultes fumeurs (âge moyen : 39,7 ans), cet essai évalue, du point de vue du taux de participants ayant essayé d'arrêter le tabagisme ou ne fumant plus depuis plus de quatre semaines, l'efficacité d'avertissements sanitaires graphiques sur les paquets de cigarettes

Effect of pictorial cigarette pack warnings on changes in smoking behavior : A randomized clinical trial

Brewer, N. T. ; Hall, M. G. ; Noar, S. M. ; et al.,

Importance : Pictorial warnings on cigarette packs draw attention and increase quit intentions, but their effect on smoking behavior remains uncertain. Objective : To assess the effect of adding pictorial warnings to the front and back of cigarette packs. Design, Setting, and Participants : This 4-week between-participant randomized clinical trial was carried out in California and North Carolina. We recruited a convenience sample of adult cigarette smokers from the general population beginning [...]

Menée en Italie auprès de 778 enfants et 985 adolescents âgés de 6 à 7 ans ou de 13 à 14 ans en 2002 (durée de suivi : 11 ans), cette étude évalue, selon que leurs parents fument ou non au domicile, leur risque de tabagisme au début de l'âge adulte

Smoke-Free Homes and Youth Smoking Behavior in Italy : Findings From the SIDRIAT Longitudinal Study

GORINI, Giuseppe ; CARRERAS, Giulia ; Cortini, Barbara ; Verdi, Simona ; Petronio, Maria Grazia ; Sestini, Piersante ; Chellini, Elisabetta

Introduction : Few studies have explored whether smoke-free homes (SFH) can promote reductions of smoking onset in children, particularly in households with smoking parents. The aim of this study was to determine whether youths living in SFH were less likely to progress to smoking. Methods : We conducted a longitudinal, 11-year, two-wave study on 778 children aged 6–7 years and 985 adolescents aged 13–14 in 2002. At baseline, youths were asked whether or not adults smoked at home (SFH); at [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études sur l'efficacité d'interventions d'aide au sevrage tabagique chez les patients infectés par le VIH

Smoking Cessation for People Living With HIV/AIDS: A Literature Review and Synthesis

Ledgerwood, David M. ; Yskes, Russell

Introduction : People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are more likely to smoke cigarettes than are individuals in the general population. The health implications of tobacco use are substantially more dire among PLWHA than among otherwise healthy smokers, including higher rates of various cancers, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and lung infections. Efficacious behavioral and medication treatments for treating nicotine dependence have rarely been investigated in PLWHA. Methods : We present a [...]