Menée auprès de 476 396 participants (âge : de 50 à 71 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'adhésion aux recommandations de l' "American Cancer Society" en matière de prévention des cancers et une réduction du risque de cancer (73 784 cas ; durée médiane de suivi : 10,5 ans), de la mortalité spécifique (16 193 décès ; durée médiane de suivi : 12,6 ans) ou de la mortalité toutes causes confondues (81 433 décès ; durée médiane de suivi : 13,6 ans)

Adherence to cancer prevention guidelines and cancer incidence, cancer mortality, and total mortality: a prospective cohort study

Kabat, Geoffrey C ; Matthews, Charles E ; Kamensky, Victor ; Hollenbeck, Albert R ; Rohan, Thomas E

Background: Several health agencies have issued guidelines promoting behaviors to reduce chronic disease risk; however, little is known about the impact of such guidelines, particularly on cancer incidence. Objective: The objective was to determine whether greater adherence to the American Cancer Society (ACS) cancer prevention guidelines is associated with a reduction in cancer incidence, cancer mortality, and total mortality. Design: The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, a prospective cohort [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès d'une cohorte de 2 983 adultes, cette étude évalue l'association entre des comportements de santé respectant les recommandations du WCRF (World Cancer Research Fund International) et de l'AICR (American Institute for Cancer Research) en matière de prévention des cancers et le risque de cancers liés à l'obésité (480 cas recensés entre 1991 et 2008)

Concordance with World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) guidelines for cancer prevention and obesity-related cancer risk in the Framingham Offspring cohort (1991–2008)

Makarem, Nour ; Lin, Yong ; Bandera, ElisaV ; Jacques, PaulF ; Parekh, Niyati

Purpose : This prospective cohort study evaluates associations between healthful behaviors consistent with WCRF/AICR cancer prevention guidelines and obesity-related cancer risk, as a third of cancers are estimated to be preventable. Methods : The study sample consisted of adults from the Framingham Offspring cohort (n = 2,983). From 1991 to 2008, 480 incident doctor-diagnosed obesity-related cancers were identified. Data on diet, measured by a food frequency questionnaire, anthropometric [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de questionnaires auprès d'une cohorte multi-ethnique incluant 215 782 adultes (durée de suivi : 13 à 18 ans), cette étude évalue, en fonction du sexe, l'association entre quatre systèmes d'indice mesurant la qualité du régime alimentaire et la mortalité par cancer, la mortalité par maladie cardiovasculaire ou la mortalité toutes causes confondues

Associations of key diet-quality indexes with mortality in the Multiethnic Cohort: the Dietary Patterns Methods Project

Harmon, Brook E ; Boushey, Carol J ; Shvetsov, Yurii B ; Ettienne, Reynolette ; Reedy, Jill ; Wilkens, Lynne R ; Le Marchand, Loic ; Henderson, Brian E ; Kolonel, Laurence N

Background: Healthy dietary patterns have been linked positively with health and longevity. However, prospective studies in diverse populations in the United States addressing dietary patterns and mortality are limited. Objective: We assessed the ability of the following 4 diet-quality indexes [the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), the Alternative HEI-2010 (AHEI-2010), the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED), and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)] to predict the [...]

Cet article fait le point sur le rôle de l'alimentation dans la prévention des cancers colorectaux

Nutrients, Foods, and Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Song, Mingyang ; Garrett, Wendy S. ; Chan, Andrew T.

Diet has an important role in the development of colorectal cancer. In the past few decades, findings from extensive epidemiologic and experimental investigation have linked consumption of several foods and nutrients to the risk of colorectal neoplasia. Calcium, fiber, milk, and whole grain have been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer, and red meat and processed meat with an increased risk. There is substantial evidence for the potential chemopreventive effects of vitamin D, [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête en ligne réalisée auprès de 519 fumeurs adultes avant la proposition de loi permettant à la "Food and Drug Administration" de réglementer les cigarettes électroniques (avril 2014), cette étude américaine évalue les connaissances des participants sur la réglementation de la cigarette électronique et analyse leurs attitudes vis-à-vis de possibles réglementations et politiques ciblant l'utilisation de ce produit

Smokers’ attitudes and support for e-cigarette policies and regulation in the USA

Wackowski, Olivia A ; Delnevo, Cristine D

Background : In April 2014, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed a rule to extend its tobacco regulatory authority to e-cigarettes, which have been unregulated and growing in use since their 2006–2007 US introduction. The FDA will issue a final rule based on comments and data received from researchers, tobacco companies and the public. We aimed to present data about current smokers’ awareness of and attitudes towards potential e-cigarette regulation and various policies in the USA. [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête en ligne auprès de 216 adolescents non fumeurs (âge : de 13 à 17 ans) et auprès de 432 fumeurs adultes (âge : de 19 à 80 ans), cette étude analyse leur intérêt pour les cigarettes électroniques aromatisées

The impact of flavor descriptors on nonsmoking teens’ and adult smokers’ interest in electronic cigarettes

Shiffman, Saul ; Sembower, Mark A. ; Pillitteri, Janine L. ; Gerlach, Karen K. ; Gitchell, Joe G.

Introduction : Smokers switching completely from combustible cigarettes to e-cigarettes are likely to reduce health risk, suggesting that e-cigarettes should be made appealing to adult smokers. However, uptake of e-cigarettes by nonsmoking teens would add risk without benefit and should be avoided. Although e-cigarette flavors may appeal to adult smokers, the concern is that flavors might attract nonsmoking teens. Methods : Nonsmoking teens (n=216, ages 13-17, no tobacco in past 6 months) and [...]

Menée à partir des données de 27 essais contrôlés, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de la varénicline, un médicament d'aide au sevrage tabagique, et le taux de suicides chez les utilisateurs

Varenicline as a Cause of Suicidal Outcomes

Hughes, John R

Objective : Post-marketing analyses and case reports have associated varenicline use with suicidal behaviors. This article reviews post-marketing analyses, case reports, clinical trials, uncontrolled observational studies, controlled observational studies, and studies in smokers with psychiatric problems that have tested this association Method : The author searched the literature for relevant reports via computer and other searches to undertake a qualitative, systematic review. Results : Two [...]