Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 3 162 personnes ayant survécu à un cancer lié au tabac (âge : au moins 18 ans ; 58% de femmes), cette étude analyse leur utilisation de la cigarette électronique et son impact sur leur sevrage tabagique

Electronic Cigarette Use among Survivors of Smoking-Related Cancers in the United States

Akinboro, Oladimeji ; Nwabudike, Stanley ; Elias, Rawad ; Balasire, Oluseyi ; Ola, Olatunde ; Ostroff, Jamie S.

Background : The prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and its impact on smoking cessation among cancer survivors in the United States is largely unknown. We sought to estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette use and examine its associations with cigarette smoking and smoking quit attempts among smoking-related cancer survivors in the United States. Methods : We obtained data from the 2014–2017 annual cycles of the National Health Interview Survey for participants with [...]

Menée auprès de 9 804 Américains âgés de 12 à 24 ans et n'ayant jamais consommé de tabac, cette étude analyse l'association entre une exposition à de la publicité pour la cigarette électronique et l'utilisation ultérieure de cette dernière

E-cigarette Marketing Exposure and Subsequent Experimentation Among Youth and Young Adults

Chen-Sankey, Julia Cen ; Unger, Jennifer B. ; Bansal-Travers, Maansi ; Niederdeppe, Jeff ; Bernat, Edward ; Choi, Kelvin

OBJECTIVES : Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has become increasingly prevalent among US youth and young adults in recent years. Exposure to e-cigarette marketing may stimulate e-cigarette use. In this study, we estimated the longitudinal association between e-cigarette marketing exposure and e-cigarette experimentation among US youth and young adult never tobacco users. METHODS : The analysis included nationally representative samples of youth (ages 12–17; n = 8121) and young adult (ages [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 11 996 jeunes âgés de 12 à 24 ans et de 26 447 adultes d'au moins 25 ans, cette étude analyse l'association entre une première utilisation de produit de tabac aromatisé et une exposition ultérieure au tabagisme

Association of Flavored Tobacco Use With Tobacco Initiation and Subsequent Use Among US Youth and Adults, 2013-2015

Villanti, Andrea C. ; Johnson, Amanda L. ; Glasser, Allison M. ; Rose, Shyanika W. ; Ambrose, Bridget K. ; Conway, Kevin P. ; Cummings, K. Michael ; Stanton, Cassandra A. ; Edwards, Kathryn C. ; Delnevo, Cristine D. ; Wackowski, Olivia A. ; Feirman, Shari P. ; Bansal-Travers, Maansi ; Bernat, Jennifer K. ; Holder-Hayes, Enver ; Green, Victoria R. ; Silveira, Marushka L. ; Hyland, Andrew

Flavors in tobacco products may appeal to young and inexperienced users.To examine among youth (aged 12-17 years), young adults (aged 18-24 years), and adults (aged ≥25 years) the prevalence of first use of flavored tobacco products among new tobacco users and the association between first flavored use of a given tobacco product and tobacco use 1 year later, including progression of tobacco use.This cohort study represents a longitudinal analysis of data from the Population Assessment of [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni à l'aide d'une méthode de randomisation mendélienne et de données portant sur 26 397 patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal et sur 41 481 témoins, cette étude analyse l'association entre 39 facteurs de risque potentiellement modifiables et le risque de développer la maladie

Modifiable pathways for colorectal cancer: a mendelian randomisation analysis

Cornish, Alex J. ; Law, Philip J. ; Timofeeva, Maria ; Palin, Kimmo ; Farrington, Susan M. ; Palles, Claire ; Jenkins, Mark A. ; Casey, Graham ; Brenner, Hermann ; Chang-Claude, Jenny ; Hoffmeister, Michael ; Kirac, Iva ; Maughan, Tim ; Brezina, Stefanie ; Gsur, Andrea ; Cheadle, Jeremy P. ; Aaltonen, Lauri A. ; Tomlinson, Ian ; Dunlop, Malcolm G. ; Houlston, Richard S.

Background : Epidemiological studies have linked lifestyle, cardiometabolic, reproductive, developmental, and inflammatory factors to the risk of colorectal cancer. However, which specific factors affect risk and the strength of these effects are unknown. We aimed to examine the relationship between potentially modifiable risk factors and colorectal cancer. Methods : We used a random-effects model to examine the relationship between 39 potentially modifiable risk factors and colorectal cancer [...]

Menée à partir de données de 10 cohortes asiatiques, européennes et américaines incluant au total 1 445 850 personnes (âge médian : 57,9 ans pour les hommes, 54,8 ans pour les femmes ; durée médiane de suivi : 8,6 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre une consommation de fibres alimentaires et/ou de yaourt et le risque de cancer du poumon (18 822 cas), puis évalue l'effet d'autres facteurs alimentaires ou de facteurs liés au mode de vie sur cette association

Association of Dietary Fiber and Yogurt Consumption With Lung Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis

Yang, Jae Jeong ; Yu, Danxia ; Xiang, Yong-Bing ; Blot, William ; White, Emily ; Robien, Kim ; Sinha, Rashmi ; Park, Yikyung ; Takata, Yumie ; Lazovich, DeAnn ; Gao, Yu-Tang ; Zhang, Xuehong ; Lan, Qing ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas ; Johansson, Ingegerd ; Tumino, Rosario ; Riboli, Elio ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Skeie, Guri ; Quirós, J. Ramón ; Johansson, Mattias ; Smith-Warner, Stephanie A. ; Zheng, Wei ; Shu, Xiao-Ou

Dietary fiber (the main source of prebiotics) and yogurt (a probiotic food) confer various health benefits via modulating the gut microbiota and metabolic pathways. However, their associations with lung cancer risk have not been well investigated.To evaluate the individual and joint associations of dietary fiber and yogurt consumption with lung cancer risk and to assess the potential effect modification of the associations by lifestyle and other dietary factors.This pooled analysis included 10 [...]

Menée à l'aide de modèles murins, cette étude analyse l'effet d'une supplémentation en phytoestrogènes et en fibres insolubles sur la tumorigenèse colorectale

Supplementation with phytoestrogens and insoluble fibers reduces intestinal carcinogenesis and restores ER-β expression in Apc-driven colorectal carcinogenesis

Luceri, Cristina ; Femia, Angelo Pietro ; Tortora, Katia ; D’Ambrosio, Mario ; Fabbri, Sergio ; Fazi, Marilena ; Caderni, Giovanna

Supplementation with phytoestrogens and insoluble fibers has been reported to reduce duodenal polyps in colectomized familial adenomatous polyposis patients, with a mechanism involving, at least in part, upregulation of estrogen receptor-β subtype, whose expression is lowered during intestinal tumorigenesis. These data suggest a protective effect also in the colon, the main target organ for tumorigenesis in familial adenomatous polyposis and a major cancer type in non-familial (sporadic) [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir des données 2000-2015 de la base Medicare portant sur 17 815 hommes traités par anticoagulants oraux et sur 356 300 témoins (âge : 65 ans ; durée médiane de suivi : 8,4 ans), cette étude met en évidence un biais de détection remettant en question l'association établie entre ces traitements et le risque de cancer de la prostate (24 815 cas)

Chronic oral anticoagulation and risk of prostate cancer: Evidence of detection bias

Ward, Michael M.

Warfarin treatment has been associated with lower risks of prostate cancer, without a specified biological mechanism. Our study tested the hypothesis that reluctance to perform prostate biopsies in men who are anticoagulated results in lower rates of diagnosed prostate cancer, leading to an apparent protective effect. Rates of prostate biopsies have decreased from 2000 to 2015, allowing calendar time to be used as the intervention. In a national population-based sample of elderly men, our study [...]

Menée à l'aide de modèles murins et de lignées cellulaires de cancer colorectal, cette étude met en évidence l'effet préventif d'une molécule liant l'ADN (CBL0137, appartenant aux curaxines) dans la tumorigenèse

Prevention of colorectal carcinogenesis by DNA binding small molecule curaxin CBL0137 involves suppression of Wnt signaling

Kirsanov, Kirill Igorevich ; Fetisov, Timur ; Lesovaya, Ekaterina A ; Maksimova, Varvara ; Trukhanova, Lubov ; Antoshina, Elena ; Gor'kova, Tatiana ; Morozova, Olga ; Safina, Alfiya ; Fleyshman, Daria ; Salimov, Ramiz ; Shipaeva, Elena ; Ivanov, Roman ; Leonov, Andrey ; Purmal, Andrei A ; Belitsky, Gennady A ; Gudkov, Andrei V. ; Gurova, Katerina V ; Yakubovskaya, Marianna G

Chemoprevention is considered a valid approach to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Here, we investigated the tumor preventive activity of curaxin CBL0137. This compound represents a new class of non-mutagenic DNA-binding small molecules that alter chromatin stability and inhibit the function of the histone chaperone FACT. Among downstream effects of CBL0137 treatment are activation of p53 and type I interferons and inhibition of [...]

Menée au Danemark auprès de 17 128 femmes ayant subi une conisation pour des lésions cervicales intra-épithéliales de haut grade entre 2006 et 2012 (âge médian : 28-32 ans), cette étude analyse le risque de récidive des lésions précancéreuses en fonction du statut vaccinal contre le papillomavirus humain et du moment de la vaccination

Risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse after conization in relation to HPV vaccination status

Sand, Freja Lærke ; Kjaer, Susanne K. ; Frederiksen, Kirsten ; Dehlendorff, Christian

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is essential for developing cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Currently, three vaccines are available, which are effective as prophylaxis against HPV infection, however, limited knowledge exists about the possible effect of vaccinating women treated with conization to prevent recurrence. The aim of this study was to examine the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) after conization according to HPV vaccination status. Using Danish [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juillet 2017 (63 articles), cette étude analyse les modèles mathématiques utilisés dans le monde pour le calcul de la part attribuable à l'alcool dans l'incidence de certaines maladies (dont le cancer) et évalue le rapport coût-efficacité des interventions de prévention en santé publique

Alcohol consumption’s attributable disease burden and cost-effectiveness of targeted public health interventions: a systematic review of mathematical models

Bardach, Ariel Esteban ; Alcaraz, Andrea Olga ; Ciapponi, Agustín ; Garay, Osvaldo Ulises ; Riviere, Andrés Pichón ; Palacios, Alfredo ; Cremonte, Mariana ; Augustovski, Federico

Background : Around 6% of total deaths are related to alcohol consumption worldwide. Mathematical models are important tools to estimate disease burden and to assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions to address this burden. Methods : We carried out a systematic review on models, searching main health literature databases up to July 2017. Pairs of reviewers independently selected, extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. We [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis en 2016-2017 auprès de 106 519 personnes, cette étude évalue l’effet à court terme d’une politique limitant la vente de produits tabagiques aromatisés sur le tabagisme des jeunes

Short-Term Impact of a Flavored Tobacco Restriction: Changes in Youth Tobacco Use in a Massachusetts Community

Kingsley, Melody ; Setodji, Claude M. ; Pane, Joseph D. ; Shadel, William G. ; Song, Glory ; Robertson, Jennifer ; Kephart, Lindsay ; Henley, Patricia ; Ursprung, W. W. Sanouri

Introduction : To counter the high prevalence of flavored tobacco use among youth, many U.S. localities have passed policies that restrict youth access to these products. This study aims to evaluate the short-term impact of a flavored tobacco restriction policy on youth access to, and use of, flavored tobacco products in a Massachusetts community. Methods : A community with the policy (Lowell) was matched to a community without the policy (Malden) with similar demographics, retailer [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 1 528 fumeurs de plus de 18 ans, cette étude analyse leurs réactions et leurs intentions après la réception de messages sur le risque comparé des cigarettes électroniques et des cigarettes classiques, avec ou sans avertissement sur la dépendance à la nicotine

Communicating risk differences between electronic and combusted cigarettes: the role of the FDA-mandated addiction warning and a nicotine fact sheet

Yang, Bo ; Popova, Lucy

Introduction : The US Food and Drug Administration requires e-cigarettes to carry a nicotine addiction warning. This research compared the effects of messages communicating comparative risk of electronic and combusted cigarettes (CR messages) with and without the mandated warning and tested the effects of showing a nicotine fact sheet (NFS) before exposure to CR messages with warning. Method : In an online experiment, 1528 US adult smokers were randomised to one of four conditions: (1) three CR [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre janvier 2010 et août 2019 (10 essais randomisés ; 1 766 participants), cette méta-analyse compare les niveaux de biomarqueurs d'exposition au tabac en fonction du produit utilisé (cigarettes classiques et produits de tabac chauffé "Heat-Not-Burn")

Human Biomarker Exposure from Cigarettes versus Novel Heat-Not-Burn Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Drovandi, Aaron ; Salem, Saad ; Barker, Daniel ; Booth, Debbie ; Kairuz, Therese

Novel tobacco products require independent research to assess their safety. This study assessed the current literature for trials comparing levels of biomarkers of exposure (BoE) between conventional cigarettes and heat-not-burn (HNB) devices.Ten databases were searched using terms including: ‘heat not burn’, ‘iqos’, ‘teeps’, ‘mrtp’, ‘tobacco heating’, and ‘glo’, between 1st January 2010 and 13th August 2019. Randomised controlled trials assessing comparative BoE levels in humans using either [...]