Menée au Royaume-Uni et aux Etats-Unis auprès de 964 personnes âgées de 18 à 65 ans, cette étude analyse l'effet de l'exposition à une publicité en ligne concernant les cigarettes électroniques sur les attitudes à l'égard des cigarettes classiques et électroniques, en fonction du statut tabagique

Survey of the effect of viewing an online e-cigarette advertisement on attitudes towards cigarette and e-cigarette use in adults located in the UK and USA: a cross-sectional study

Booth, Paula ; Albery, Ian P ; Cox, Sharon ; Frings, Daniel

Objectives : This study explored the potential for e-cigarette advertisements to (1) enhance attitudes towards cigarettes and/or (2) reduce barriers to e-cigarettes uptake. The study tested whether exposure to an online electronic cigarette advertisement changed attitudes towards cigarettes and e-cigarettes in smokers, non-smokers, e-cigarette users and dual users (smokers who also use e-cigarettes). Design : Cross-sectional studySetting Online survey Participants : Adults (n=964) aged 18 to 65 [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir d'enquêtes nationales de santé auprès de 118 144 personnes, cette étude analyse l'association entre une consommation de cigarettes en combinaison avec d'autres produits du tabac et la mortalité toutes causes confondues et par cancer

Mortality Risks of Dual- and Poly-Tobacco Product Users in the United States

Choi, Kelvin ; Inoue-Choi, Maki ; McNeel, Timothy S ; Freedman, Neal D

Increasing numbers of adults in the United States use more than one tobacco product. Most use cigarettes in combination with other tobacco products. However, little is known about the all-cause and cancer-specific mortality risks of dual- and poly-tobacco use. We examined these associations by pooling nationally-representative data from the 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2005, and 2010 National Health Interview Surveys (n=118,144). Mortality information was obtained by linkage to the National Death [...]

Menée par questionnaire au Canada, en Angleterre et aux Etats-Unis auprès de 23 928 adolescents âgés de 16 à 19 ans, cette étude analyse l'utilisation des cigarettes classiques et électroniques entre 2017 et 2018

Prevalence of vaping and smoking among adolescents in Canada, England, and the United States: repeat national cross sectional surveys

Hammond, David ; Reid, Jessica L ; Rynard, Vicki L ; Fong, Geoffrey T ; Cummings, K Michael ; McNeill, Ann ; Hitchman, Sara ; Thrasher, James F ; Goniewicz, Maciej L ; Bansal-Travers, Maansi ; O’Connor, Richard ; LEVY, David ; Borland, Ron ; White, Christine M

Objective : To examine differences in vaping and smoking prevalence among adolescents in Canada, England, and the United States. Design : Repeat cross sectional surveys. Setting : Online surveys in Canada, England, and the US.Participants National samples of 16 to 19 year olds in 2017 and 2018, recruited from commercial panels in Canada (n=7891), England (n=7897), and the US (n=8140). Main outcome measures : Prevalence of vaping and smoking was assessed for use ever, in the past 30 days, in the [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (19 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre une consommation de cigarettes mentholées et l'arrêt du tabac

Use of Mentholated Cigarettes and Likelihood of Smoking Cessation in the United States: A Meta-Analysis

Smith, Philip H ; Assefa, Biruktawit ; Kainth, Simranpreet ; Salas-Ramirez, Kaliris Y ; McKee, Sherry A ; Giovino, Gary A

Previous qualitative reviews have summarized evidence of an association between menthol cigarette use and likelihood of smoking cessation. The objective of this meta-analysis was to provide a quantitative summary of effect sizes, their variability, and factors related to the variability in effect size for the association between menthol use and likelihood of smoking cessation.We systematically searched Medline, PsycINFO, and Embase for prospective and cross-sectional studies of the association [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni à l'aide d'une enquête et d'entretiens auprès de 205 femmes et de 33 professionnels de santé, cette étude présente leurs connaissances et leurs attitudes vis-à-vis de l’alcool en tant que facteur de risque modifiable, puis évalue l'acceptabilité, pour les patientes et les professionnels de santé, d'une brève intervention de prévention dans les services de prise en charge du dépistage du cancer du sein

The acceptability of addressing alcohol consumption as a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer: a mixed method study within breast screening services and symptomatic breast clinics

Sinclair, Julia ; McCann, Mark ; Sheldon, Ellena ; Gordon, Isabel ; Brierley-Jones, Lyn ; Copson, Ellen

Objectives : Potentially modifiable risk factors account for approximately 23% of breast cancers, with obesity and alcohol being the two greatest. Breast screening and symptomatic clinical attendances provide opportunities (‘teachable moments’) to link health promotion and breast cancer-prevention advice within established clinical pathways. This study explored knowledge and attitudes towards alcohol as a risk factor for breast cancer, and potential challenges inherent in incorporating advice [...]

Menée aux Pays-Bas à l'aide de questionnaires auprès de 58 279 hommes et 62 573 femmes (durée de suivi : 20,3 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre l'adhésion au régime méditerranéen et le risque de cancer de la prostate (3 868 cas) ou de la vessie (1 884 cas)

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risks of prostate and bladder cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study

Schulpen, Maya ; van den Brandt, Piet A.

Background : Prostate and urinary bladder cancer are frequently occurring cancers with few risk factors identified. We examined the relation of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence with risks of prostate and bladder cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS). Methods : Data were available for 58279 men and 62573 women, who completed a baseline questionnaire on diet and other cancer risk factors. Multiple MD scores, including the alternate Mediterranean diet score without alcohol (aMEDr), were [...]

A partir de données des cohortes "the Nurses’ Health Study" et "the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study" incluant 68 977 femmes et 45 442 hommes, cette étude analyse l'association entre le respect des recommandations 2018 relatives à l'alimentation, à la nutrition et à l'activité physique préconisées par le "Fonds mondial de recherche sur le cancer" et la réduction du risque de cancer colorectal

Adherence to The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research 2018 Recommendations for Cancer Prevention and Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Petimar, Joshua ; Smith-Warner, Stephanie A. ; Rosner, Bernard A ; Chan, Andrew T. ; Giovannucci, Edward L. ; Tabung, Fred K.

Background : The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) 2018 diet, nutrition, and physical activity recommendations aim to reduce cancer risk. We examined adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in two prospective cohorts. Methods : We followed 68,977 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 45,442 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study from 1986 until 2012. We created cumulatively averaged WCRF/AICR scores using [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (9 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'effet d'une supplémentation en vitamine B6 sur le risque de cancer du pancréas

Vitamin B6 Intake and Pancreatic Carcinoma Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Peng, You-Fan ; Han, Man-Man ; Huang, Rong ; Dong, Bei-Bei ; Li, Ling

Objectives : There are conflicting results for the association between vitamin B6 intake with reduced pancreatic carcinoma risk. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to summarize the evidences from epidemiological studies. Methods : We searched documents from PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The results were analyzed by using Stata software. Results : A total of nine studies were included. The multivariate-adjusted results found that the total RR values of pancreatic [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin transgénique de cancer sporadique du côlon, cette étude met en évidence l’effet de la vitamine D, en supplémentation, et du losartan sur la tumorigenèse

Losartan and Vitamin D Inhibit Colonic Tumor Development in a Conditional Apc-Deleted Mouse Model of Sporadic Colon Cancer

Dougherty, Urszula ; Mustafi, Reba ; Haider, Haider I. ; Khalil, Abdurahman ; Souris, Jeffrey S. ; Joseph, Loren ; Hart, John ; Konda, Vani J. ; Zhang, Wei ; Pekow, Joel ; Li, Yan Chun ; Bissonnette, Marc

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is upregulated in colorectal cancer, and epidemiologic studies suggest RAS inhibitors reduce cancer risk. Because vitamin D (VD) receptor negatively regulates renin, we examined anticancer efficacy of VD and losartan (L), an angiotensin receptor blocker. Control Apc+/LoxP mice and tumor-forming Apc+/LoxP Cdx2P-Cre mice were randomized to unsupplemented Western diet (UN), or diets supplemented with VD, L, [...]

Mené aux Etats-Unis sur 208 femmes en préménopause à haut risque de cancer du sein (âge : 18-50 ans), cet essai randomisé multicentrique analyse l'effet d'une supplémentation en vitamine D pendant 12 mois sur la densité mammaire, un facteur de risque associé à la maladie

Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Biomarker Modulation Study of Vitamin D Supplementation in Premenopausal Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer (SWOG S0812)

Crew, Katherine D. ; Anderson, Garnet L. ; Hershman, Dawn L. ; Terry, Mary Beth ; Tehranifar, Parisa ; Lew, Danika L. ; Yee, Monica ; Brown, Eric A. ; Kairouz, Sebastien S. ; Kuwajerwala, Nafisa ; Bevers, Therese ; Doster, John E. ; Zarwan, Corrine ; Kruper, Laura ; Minasian, Lori M. ; Ford, Leslie ; Arun, Banu ; Neuhouser, Marian ; Goodman, Gary E. ; Brown, Powel H.

Observational studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D intake and breast cancer risk. We examined whether vitamin D supplementation in high-risk premenopausal women reduces mammographic density (MD), an established breast cancer risk factor. We conducted a multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in premenopausal women at high risk for breast cancer [5-year risk ≥ 1.67%, lifetime risk ≥ 20%, lobular carcinoma in situ, prior stage 0–II breast cancer, [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni à partir de l'analyse de 140 applications mobiles, cette étude examine l'emploi de stratégies et de fonctionnalités de "gamification" pour l'aide au sevrage tabagique

Use of gamification strategies and tactics in mobile applications for smoking cessation: a review of the UK mobile app market

Rajani, Nikita B ; Weth, Dominik ; Mastellos, Nikolaos ; Filippidis, Filippos T

Objective : Mobile phone-based interventions have been proven to be effective tools for smoking cessation, at least in the short term. Gamification, that is, the use of game-design elements in a non-game context, has been associated with increased engagement and motivation, critical success factors for long-term success of mobile Health solutions. However, to date, no app review has examined the use of gamification in smoking cessation mobile apps. Our review aims to examine and quantify the [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis dans cinq hôpitaux auprès de 1 370 patients, cette étude évalue le rapport coût-efficacité d'une intervention de sevrage tabagique dispensée par une infirmière aux patients hospitalisés par rapport à une prise en charge classique

Cost-effectiveness of a nurse-delivered, inpatient smoking cessation intervention

Ward, Charlotte E ; Hall, Stephanie V ; Barnett, Paul G ; Jordan, Neil ; Duffy, Sonia A

Randomized controlled trials have shown that inpatient tobacco cessation interventions are highly efficacious and cost-effective. However, the degree to which smoking interventions implemented in nonrandomized, real-world practice settings are effective, and consequently, cost-effective, remains unclear. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a nurse-delivered, inpatient smoking cessation intervention, Tobacco Tactics, compared with usual care within the context of an observational, [...]