Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risks of prostate and bladder cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study
Menée aux Pays-Bas à l'aide de questionnaires auprès de 58 279 hommes et 62 573 femmes (durée de suivi : 20,3 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre l'adhésion au régime méditerranéen et le risque de cancer de la prostate (3 868 cas) ou de la vessie (1 884 cas)
Résumé en anglais
Background : Prostate and urinary bladder cancer are frequently occurring cancers with few risk factors identified. We examined the relation of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence with risks of prostate and bladder cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS).
Methods : Data were available for 58279 men and 62573 women, who completed a baseline questionnaire on diet and other cancer risk factors. Multiple MD scores, including the alternate Mediterranean diet score without alcohol (aMEDr), were calculated to assess MD adherence. After 20.3 years of follow-up, 3868 prostate cancer cases (advanced: 1256) and 1884 bladder cancer cases could be included in multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses.
Results : aMEDr was not associated with advanced prostate cancer risk [HRper two-point increment (95% CI)=1.06 (0.96 - 1.17)]. In contrast, higher aMEDr values were associated with a significantly increased risk of nonadvanced prostate cancer (ptrend=0.04). For bladder cancer risk, no association was observed with aMEDr [HRper two-point increment (95% CI)=1.00 (0.92 - 1.09)]. Absolute scores based on the WCRF/AICR dietary recommendations were not associated with prostate or bladder cancer risk.
Conclusions : MD adherence, measured by aMEDr or other MD scores, was not associated with decreased risks of advanced prostate cancer and bladder cancer in the NLCS. Higher levels of care-seeking behavior, screening attendance and prostate cancer awareness in higher educated men with healthier lifestyles could potentially explain the positive associations that we observed for nonadvanced prostate cancer risk.
Impact : MD adherence does not seem to reduce the risk of (advanced) prostate cancer or bladder cancer.
