Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 12 415 personnes âgées de 18 à 35 ans, cette étude analyse l'association entre l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique et la modification des comportements tabagiques

E-cigarette Use Among Young Adults in the U.S

Olfson, Mark ; Wall, Melanie M. ; Liu, Shang-Min ; Sultan, Ryan S. ; Blanco, Carlos

Introduction : Use of e-cigarettes is increasing among young adults in the U.S. Whether e-cigarette use serves as an aid to smoking reduction or cessation among young adults remains a matter of contention. This analysis examines patterns of e-cigarette use in relation to cigarette smoking in a nationally representative sample of U.S. young adults. Methods : Data were analyzed from nationally representative U.S. adults, aged 18 to 35years (N=12,415), in the 2012–2013 National Epidemiologic [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de 2 vagues d'enquête auprès de 10 081 jeunes de 12 à 17 ans, cette étude analyse l'évolution des perceptions vis-à vis du tabac et la relation entre la perception des dangers et du caractère addictif des produits du tabac et l'utilisation de ces produits

Harm perceptions and tobacco use initiation among youth in Wave 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study

Strong, David R. ; Leas, Eric ; Elton-Marshall, Tara ; Wackowski, Olivia A. ; Travers, Mark ; Bansal-Travers, Maansi ; Hyland, Andrew ; White, Martha ; Noble, Madison ; Cummings, K. Michael ; Taylor, Kristie ; Kaufman, Annette R. ; Choi, Kelvin ; Pierce, John P.

In the US, youth attribute higher levels of harm and addictiveness to cigarettes relative to other tobacco products. Monitoring harm perceptions across a range of tobacco products is important when forecasting risk for experimentation. This study examined data from US youth (N = 10,081) ages 12–17 from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study who completed both Wave 1 (2013–2014) and Wave 2 (2014–2015) interviews. Analyses assessed: (1) trends in perceived harm and [...]

Menée en 2018 en Australie et à partir d'un essai randomisé sur la prévention des cancers de la peau incluant 1 621 personnes, cette étude analyse l'effet de l'utilisation quotidienne à long terme d'une crème de protection solaire sur le risque de décès toutes causes confondues ou le risque de décès par maladie cardiovasculaire, par cancer ou par autres causes (nombre de décès : 160)

Regular Sunscreen Use and Risk of Mortality: Long-Term Follow-up of a Skin Cancer Prevention Trial

Lindstrom, Akiaja R. ; von Schuckmann, Lena A. ; Hughes, Maria Celia B. ; Williams, Gail M. ; Green, Adèle C. ; van der Pols, Jolieke C.

Introduction : Sunscreen is widely used to protect the skin from harmful effects of sun exposure. However, there are concerns that sunscreens may negatively affect overall health. Evidence of the general safety of long-term regular sunscreen use is therefore needed. Methods : The effect of long-term sunscreen use on mortality was assessed over a 21-year period (1993–2014) among 1,621 Australian adults who had participated in a randomized skin cancer prevention trial of regular versus [...]

Menée à l'aide d'une modélisation, cette étude estime, pour la Suède, le nombre de décès imputables aux maladies cardiovasculaires et aux cancers qui pourraient être évités ou retardés si les recommandations alimentaires officielles étaient respectées, en fonction du sexe et des catégories d'aliments

Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Mortality by Achieving Healthy Dietary Goals for the Swedish Population: A Macro-Simulation Modelling Study

Saha, S. ; Nordstrom, J. ; Gerdtham, U. G. ; Mattisson, I. ; Nilsson, P. M. ; Scarborough, P.

The objective is to estimate the number of deaths attributable to cardiovascular diseases and diet-related cancers that could be prevented or delayed in Sweden if adults adhere to the official dietary recommendations. We used an age-group and sex-specific epidemiological macro-simulation model to estimate preventable deaths due to the discrepancies between actual intake and recommended intake of changes in food components. Data included in the model are a baseline scenario (actual dietary [...]

Cette revue de la littérature présente les mécanismes d'action du thé dans la prévention de plusieurs cancers

Effects and mechanisms of tea for the prevention and management of cancers: An updated review

Xu, Xiao-Yu ; Zhao, Cai-Ning ; Cao, Shi-Yu ; Tang, Guo-Yi ; Gan, Ren-You ; Li, Hua-Bin

Tea is a traditional and popular beverage worldwide, and the consumption of tea has been demonstrated to possess many health benefits, such as cardiovascular protection, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, and anticancer. Epidemiological studies have shown that the consumption of tea is inversely associated with the risk of several cancers. In addition, experimental studies have revealed that the anticancer actions of tea are mainly attributed to tea polyphenols, such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate and [...]

Menée sur des souris femelles, cette étude analyse l'effet d'un régime pauvre en glucides et d'une activité physique sur le risque de cancer du poumon induit par le tabac, en fonction du type et de la quantité de glucides, de protéines et de lipides

The Effect of Diet and Exercise on Tobacco Carcinogen-induced Lung Cancer

Cho, Brandon ; Hofs, Elyse ; Elisia, Ingrid ; Hay, Mariah ; Li, Michael Yu ; Lam, Vivian ; Krystal, Gerald ; Dyer, Roger A ; Lum, Julian

In previous studies we found that low carbohydrate (CHO) diets reduced the incidence of tumors in mice genetically predisposed to cancer. However, since more than 90% of human cancers arise via carcinogen-induced somatic mutations we investigated, herein, the role that different types and levels of CHO, protein and lipid play in lung cancer induced by the tobacco-specific carcinogen, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) in A/J mice. We found lowering CHO levels significantly reduced lung [...]

Menée in vitro et chez la souris, cette étude met en évidence l'efficacité de la curcumine encapsulée (nanocurcumine de chitosan) pour réduire la carcinogenèse pulmonaire induite par le benzo(a)pyrène

Chitosan Encapsulation Enhances the Bioavailability and Tissue Retention of Curcumin and Improves its Efficacy in Preventing B(a)P-induced Lung Carcinogenesis

Vijayakurup, Vinod ; Thulasidasan, Arunkumar T. ; Shankar G, Mohan ; Retnakumari, Archana P. ; Nandan, C. Devika ; Somaraj, Jannet ; Antony, Jayesh ; Alex, Vijai V. ; Vinod, Balachandran S. ; Liju, Vijayasteltar Belsamma ; Sundaram, Sankar ; Kumar, G. S. Vinod ; Anto, Ruby John

The rate of lung cancer incidence is alarmingly mounting, despite the decline of smoking and tobacco consumption. Recent reports indicate a very high correlation between the growing fast food culture and lung cancer incidence. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a potent carcinogen abundantly present in grilled and deep-fried food and in tobacco smoke. Our previous studies have proved the efficacy of curcumin in curbing B[a]P-induced lung carcinogenesis. However, the poor pharmacokinetic profile of the [...]

Menée au Japon auprès de 1 288 participants, cette étude évalue les associations entre les niveaux plasmatiques de 64 marqueurs de l'inflammation et le risque de cancer de l'estomac et de l'œsophage

Circulating Inflammation Markers and Risk of Gastric and Esophageal Cancers: A Case–Cohort Study Within the Japan Public Health Center–Based Prospective Study

Camargo, M. Constanza ; Song, Minkyo ; Shimazu, Taichi ; Charvat, Hadrien ; Yamaji, Taiki ; Sawada, Norie ; Kemp, Troy J. ; Pfeiffer, Ruth M. ; Hildesheim, Allan ; Pinto, Ligia A. ; Tsugane, Shoichiro ; Rabkin, Charles S.

Background : Circulating inflammation proteins may be important mediators or markers of carcinogenic mechanisms. There have been few studies with limited numbers of analytes in patients with upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract tumors. We therefore evaluated risk associations of gastric and esophageal cancers with prediagnostic levels of a wide range of these molecules. Methods : We performed a case–cohort analysis within the Japan Public Health Center–Based Prospective Study Cohort II, including [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin transgénique de cancer anal, cette étude montre qu'une application locale d'un composé appelé BEZ235, un inhibiteur de PI3K/mTOR, réduit la carcinogenèse anale et augmente la survie sans développement tumoral

Topical application of a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor prevents anal carcinogenesis in a human papillomavirus mouse model of anal cancer

Rademacher, Brooks L. ; Matkowskyj, Kristina A. ; LaCount, Emily D. ; Carchman, Evie H.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the major risk factor for anal dysplasia that may progress to squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. We have previously shown that systemic administration of a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor (BEZ235), an autophagic inducer, results in decreased squamous cell carcinoma of the anus in our HPV mouse model. In this study, we investigate the effect of the local, topical application of a BEZ235 on tumor-free survival, histopathology, PI3K/mTOR, and autophagy. The rationale [...]

Menée en Australie à l'aide d'une modélisation, cette étude estime le nombre de décès passés et futurs, liés au cancer du poumon et évités grâce aux initiatives antitabac actuelles, puis estime le nombre de décès évitables selon plusieurs scénarios de lutte contre le tabagisme jusqu'en 2100

Lung cancer mortality in Australia in the twenty-first century: How many lives can be saved with effective tobacco control?

Luo, Qingwei ; Steinberg, Julia ; O’Connell, Dianne L. ; Yu, Xue Qin ; Caruana, Michael ; Wade, Stephen ; Pesola, Francesca ; Grogan, Paul B. ; Dessaix, Anita ; Freeman, Becky ; Dunlop, Sally ; Sasieni, Peter ; Blakely, Tony ; Banks, Emily ; Canfell, Karen

Objectives : To estimate the number of past and future lung cancer deaths that have already been averted by tobacco control initiatives in Australia, and to estimate the number of additional deaths averted under various smoking scenarios. Methods : We predicted lung cancer mortality rates and case numbers to 2100 using a previously validated generalized linear model based on age, birth cohort and population cigarette smoking exposure. We estimated the impact of various tobacco control [...]