Menée en Finlande à partir de données portant sur 1 458 fumeurs et 4 932 non fumeurs âgés de 40 à 60 ans (79 % de femmes ; durée de suivi : 10 à 12 ans), cette étude évalue l'effet du niveau d'activité physique pratiquée durant le temps de loisir sur l'association entre le tabagisme et le risque de décès

The contribution of smoking to mortality during working age at different levels of leisure-time physical activity

Lallukka, Tea ; Lahti, Jouni ; Lahelma, Eero ; Rahkonen, Ossi

Background : Smoking and physical inactivity are linked to mortality, but it is not known whether the association between smoking and mortality is affected by the amount and intensity of physical activity. We examined the joint associations of smoking and physical activity with mortality, while taking key covariates into account. Methods : We linked survey data, collected in 2000–2002 from among 40–60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, with complete register data on all-cause [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur une cohorte de 65 576 femmes, cette étude évalue l'association entre une activité physique de loisir pratiquée entre l'âge des premières règles, l'âge de la première grossesse et le risque de cancer du sein

Physical activity from menarche to first pregnancy and risk of breast cancer

Liu, Ying ; Tobias, Deirdre K. ; Sturgeon, Kathleen M. ; Rosner, Bernard ; Malik, Vasanti ; Cespedes, Elizabeth ; Joshi, Amit D. ; Eliassen, A. Heather ; Colditz, Graham A.

Breast tissue is particularly susceptible to exposures between menarche and first pregnancy, and a longer interval between these reproductive events is associated with elevated breast cancer risk. Physical activity during this time period may offset breast cancer risk, particularly for those at highest risk with longer menarche-to-first-pregnancy intervals. We used data from 65,576 parous women in the Nurses’ Health Study II free of cancer in 1989 (baseline) and recalled their leisure-time [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 326 patients atteints d'un cancer du pancréas et auprès de 652 témoins, cette étude italienne évalue l'association entre la capacité antioxydante globale de l'alimentation et le risque de développer la maladie

Dietary total antioxidant capacity and pancreatic cancer risk : an Italian case-control study

Lucas, Aimee L. ; Bosetti, Cristina ; Boffetta, Paolo ; Negri, Eva ; Tavani, Alessandra ; Serafini, Mauro ; Polesel, Jerry ; Serraino, Diego ; La Vecchia, Carlo ; Rossi, Marta

Background : Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Diet may be associated with pancreatic cancer, but it is unknown whether specific dietary components contribute to its risk. The potential differential role of dietary antioxidants warrants further investigation. Methods : We analysed data from a case–control study of 326 pancreatic cancer cases and 652 controls conducted between 1991 and 2008 in Northern Italy. Subjects’ usual diet was assessed through a validated [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur une cohorte multiethnique de 187 674 participants dont 4 692 atteints d'un cancer colorectal (durée médiane de suivi : 16 ans), cette étude évalue, en fonction du sexe et de l'utilisation d'un traitement hormonal substitutif de la ménopause, l'association entre la consommation de fibres alimentaires et le risque de cancer colorectal

Inverse associations of dietary fiber and menopausal hormone therapy with colorectal cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort Study

Park, Song-Yi ; Wilkens, Lynne R. ; Kolonel, Laurence N. ; Henderson, Brian E. ; Le Marchand, Loic

In the Multiethnic Cohort Study, we previously reported that dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk in men only. In women, the inverse relationship was weaker and appeared to be confounded by menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). We re-examined this observation with a greatly increased power. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we analyzed data from 187,674 participants with 4,692 cases identified during a mean follow-up period of 16 years. In [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude évalue les effets d'une consommation de noix dans les changements du microbiome intestinal et dans la prévention du développement d'un cancer du côlon

Effects of walnut consumption on colon carcinogenesis and microbial community structure

Nakanishi, Masako ; Chen, Yanfei ; Qendro, Veneta ; Miyamoto, Shingo ; Weinstock, Erica ; Weinstock, George M. ; Rosenberg, Daniel W.

Walnuts are comprised of a complex array of biologically active constituents with individual cancer-protective properties. Here, we assessed the potential benefit of whole walnut consumption in a mouse tumor bioassay using azoxymethane (AOM). In study 1, a modest reduction (1.3-fold) in tumor numbers was observed in mice fed a standard diet (AIN-76A) containing 9.4% walnuts (15% of total fat). In Study 2, the effects of walnut supplementation were tested in the Total Western Diet (TWD). There [...]

Menée en Australie, cette étude de cohorte prospective évalue l'association entre divers indicateurs liés à l'alimentation et le risque de carcinome urothélial de la vessie (379 cas, durée médiane de suivi : 21,3 ans)

Association between selected dietary scores and the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma: A prospective cohort study

Dugué, Pierre-Antoine ; Hodge, Allison M. ; Brinkman, Maree T. ; Bassett, Julie K. ; Shivappa, Nitin ; Hebert, James R. ; Hopper, John L. ; English, Dallas R. ; Milne, Roger L. ; Giles, Graham G.

Studies investigating the association of food and nutrient consumption with the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) have produced mixed results. We used three common dietary scores, the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010) and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) to assess the evidence of an association between diet and the risk of UCC. Over a median follow-up time of 21.3 years, 379 incident UCC cases were diagnosed. Dietary scores were [...]

Mené en Nouvelle Zélande auprès de 502 fumeurs (âge : 18 ans ou plus ; consommation de cigarettes : au moins 9 par jour ; durée de suivi : 7 mois), cet essai évalue, dans le cadre d'un traitement substitutif nicotinique par patch et du point de vue de l'abstinence tabagique à 6 mois, l'intérêt d'administrer, à l'aide d'un inhalateur pressurisé, une dose supplémentaire de nicotine lors de sensation intense de manque

Combination Nicotine Metered Dose Inhaler and Nicotine Patch for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Caldwell, Brent O. ; Crane, Julian

Introduction : In order to replicate the rewarding effects of smoking, nicotine replacement therapies must deliver nicotine via the pulmonary route. We aimed to measure the efficacy of a simple pressurized metered dose inhaler containing nicotine combined with a nicotine patch for smoking cessation. Methods : Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled, parallel group trial conducted at the University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand. Five-hundred two adults (≥18 years) who smoked at least nine [...]