A partir de questionnaires auprès de 6 029 utilisateurs d'un service en ligne d'aide au sevrage tabagique, cette étude américaine évalue le taux d'abstinence tabagique à 6 mois en fonction de l'utilisation préalable des systèmes électroniques de délivrance de nicotine et des raisons ayant motivé cette utilisation

Reasons for Electronic Nicotine Delivery System use and smoking abstinence at 6 months: a descriptive study of callers to employer and health plan-sponsored quitlines

Vickerman, K A ; Schauer, G L ; Malarcher, A M ; Zhang, L ; Mowery, P ; Nash, C M

Objective : Describe cigarette smoking abstinence among employer and health plan-sponsored quitline registrants who were not using Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), were using ENDS to quit smoking or were using ENDS for other reasons at the time of quitline registration. Methods : We examined 6 029 quitline callers aged ≥18 years who smoked cigarettes at registration, and completed ≥1 counselling calls, baseline ENDS use questions and a 6-month follow-up survey (response rate: [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant la chimioprévention des adénomes colorectaux chez les patients présentant une polypose adénomateuse familiale

Chemoprevention of familial adenomatous polyposis

Lynch, Patrick M.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) has always been first and foremost a surgical disease, whose treatment with colectomy has long been known to reduce risk of premature cancer death. The notion of reducing polyp burden and potentially delaying surgical intervention has spawned a host of “chemoprevention” trials. In this paper I selectively review the findings from these studies, highlighting trial design issues and in particular some of the limitations of historical and existing trial [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant la chimioprévention, la surveillance médicale et la prise en charge thérapeutique d'une polypose adénomateuse familiale chez l'enfant

Familial adenomatous polyposis in pediatrics: natural history, emerging surveillance and management protocols, chemopreventive strategies, and areas of ongoing debate

Septer, Seth ; Lawson, Caitlin E. ; Anant, Shrikant ; Attard, Thomas

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary condition with a near 100 % lifetime risk of colorectal cancer without prophylactic colectomy. Most patients with FAP have a mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene on chromosome 5q22. This condition frequently presents in children with polyps developing most frequently in the second decade of life and surveillance colonoscopy is required starting at age ten. Polyps are found not only in the colon, but in the stomach and duodenum. [...]

Menée sur 2 395 patients atteints d'un cholangiocarcinome et sur 4 769 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'aspirine, la présence de différentes pathologies (cholangite sclérosante primitive, diabète, cirrhose) et le risque de développer un cholangiocarcinome intrahépatique, hilaire ou distal

Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma: Aspirin-use and the Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma

Choi, Jonggi ; Ghoz, Hassan M. ; Peeraphatdit, Thoetchai ; Baichoo, Esha ; Addissie, Benyam D. ; Harmsen, William S. ; Therneau, Terry M. ; Olson, Janet E. ; Chaiteerakij, Roongruedee ; Roberts, Lewis R.

Whether aspirin-use is protective against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains unclear. We determined the association between aspirin-use and other risk factors for each CCA subtype individually. In a hospital-based case-control study, 2,395 CCA cases (1,169 intrahepatic, 995 perihilar and 231 distal) seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN from 2000 through 2014 were enrolled. Controls selected from the Mayo Clinic Biobank were matched 2:1 with cases by age, sex, race, and residence (n=4,769). [...]

Menée en Espagne, aux Etats-Unis et en France auprès d'un échantillon de 337, 375 et 354 adolescents ayant indiqué avoir fumé au moins une fois durant les 30 derniers jours (âge : 13 à 18 ans), cette étude évalue les effets de paquets neutres de cigarettes et d'avertissements sanitaires graphiques sur leur envie de fumer ou d'arrêter le tabagisme

Effects of plain package branding and graphic health warnings on adolescent smokers in the USA, Spain and France

Andrews, J Craig ; Netemeyer, Richard G ; Burton, Scot ; Kees, Jeremy

Objective : The purpose of this study is to provide an experimental test of the effects of plain pack branding and graphic health warnings (GHWs) in three different countries for an important and vulnerable population, that is, adolescents who are experimenting with smoking. Methods : The effects of plain pack branding (logo present, logo absent), and graphic visual warning level (absent, low, medium, high) are studied experimentally for their impact on adolescent cigarette craving, evoked [...]

Menée à partir d'enquêtes réalisées entre 1999 et 2013 auprès de 717 543 adolescents de 43 Etats américains, cette étude évalue l'effet de politiques antitabac (interdiction de fumer dans les lieux publics, augmentation des taxes sur le tabac) sur la prévalence et la fréquence du tabagisme chez les adolescents

Impact of Tobacco Control Policies on Adolescent Smoking

Hawkins, Summer Sherburne ; Bach, Nicoline ; Baum, Christopher F.

Purpose : Our aims were to examine the impact of cigarette taxes and smoke-free legislation on current adolescent smoking and smoking frequency overall as well as test whether there were differential policy effects by age. Methods : Using data on 717,543 adolescents from 43 states in the 1999–2013 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, we used difference-in-differences regression models to evaluate the impact of tobacco control policies on current adolescent smoking (yes/no) and, separately, smoking [...]

Mené aux Etats-Unis auprès de 382 femmes enceintes, cet essai multicentrique évalue, du point de vue du taux d'abstinence tabagique 12 mois après l'accouchement, l'efficacité d'un accompagnement infirmier post-partum, personnalisé en fonction du risque de rechute tabagique

Efficacy of a nurse-delivered intervention to prevent and delay postpartum return to smoking: The Quit for Two Trial

Pollak, Kathryn I. ; Fish, Laura J. ; Lyna, Pauline ; Peterson, Bercedis L. ; Myers, Evan R. ; Gao, Xiaomei ; Swamy, Geeta K. ; Brown-Johnson, Angela ; Whitecar, Paul ; Bilheimer, Alicia K. ; Pletsch, Pamela K.

Introduction : Most pregnant women who quit smoking return to smoking postpartum. Trials to prevent this return have been unsuccessful. We tested the efficacy of a nurse-delivered intervention in maintaining smoking abstinence after delivery among pregnant women who quit smoking that was tailored on their high risk of relapse (e.g., had strong intentions to return). Methods : We recruited 382 English-speaking spontaneous pregnant quitters from 14 prenatal clinics and randomized them to receive [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juillet 2014 (20 articles), cette étude analyse l'efficacité de 14 interventions destinées à améliorer les comportements de prévention des personnes présentant un risque élevé de mélanome

A systematic review of interventions to improve adherence to melanoma preventive behaviors for individuals at elevated risk

Wu, Yelena P. ; Aspinwall, Lisa G. ; Conn, Bridgid M. ; Stump, Tammy ; Grahmann, Bridget ; Leachman, Sancy A.

Background and objectives : To examine the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for melanoma prevention targeted to individuals at elevated risk due to personal and/or family history. Methods : Through literature searches in 5 search databases (through July 2014), 20 articles describing 14 unique interventions focused on melanoma prevention among individuals at elevated risk for the disease were identified. Interventions targeting only patients undergoing active treatment for melanoma were [...]

Menée en Allemagne à partir des données de santé 2012 portant sur un échantillon de 13 933 personnes non fumeuses, cette étude évalue la proportion d'entre elles exposées au tabagisme passif et identifie les facteurs associés

Factors associated with secondhand smoke exposure in different settings: Results from the German Health Update (GEDA) 2012

Fischer, Florian ; Kraemer, Alexander

Background : The ubiquity of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home or in private establishments, workplaces and public areas poses several challenges for the reduction of SHS exposure. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of SHS exposure in Germany and key factors associated with exposure. Results were also differentiated by place of exposure. Methods : A secondary data analysis based on the public use file of the German Health Update 2012 was conducted (n = 13,933). Only non-smokers [...]