Menée à partir des données 2012 d'une enquête de la commission européenne portant sur 25 922 participants âgés de 15 ans ou plus, cette étude évalue l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique comme aide au sevrage tabagique puis identifie les facteurs socio-démographiques associés

Socio-demographic differences in the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems in the European Union

Ooms, Gaby I ; Bosdriesz, Jizzo R ; Portrait, France RM ; Kunst, Anton E

Introduction : Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are rapidly increasing in popularity. However, little is known about socio-demographic differences in use of ENDS. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic characteristics associated with ENDS ever-use and use as a cessation tool in the European Union. Methods : We analyzed data from the 2012 Eurobarometer wave 77.1, with 25,922 respondents aged 15 years or above from all 27 member states. We estimated the prevalence of ever-use [...]

Menée à partir des données de 15 études portant sur 11 239 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate et sur 18 541 témoins, cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la concentration sérique de 7 caroténoïdes, du rétinol et des tocophérols de type alpha ou gamma et le risque de cancer de la prostate par grade ou stade tumoral

Carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols, and prostate cancer risk: pooled analysis of 15 studies

Key, Timothy J ; Appleby, Paul N ; Travis, Ruth C ; Albanes, Demetrius ; Alberg, Anthony J ; Barricarte, Aurelio ; Black, Amanda ; Boeing, Heiner ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas ; Chan, June M ; Chen, Chu ; Cook, Michael B ; Donovan, Jenny L ; Galan, Pilar ; Gilbert, Rebecca ; Giles, Graham G ; Giovannucci, Edward ; Goodman, Gary E ; Goodman, Phyllis J ; Gunter, Marc J ; Hamdy, Freddie C ; Heliövaara, Markku ; Helzlsouer, Kathy J ; Henderson, Brian E ; Hercberg, Serge ; Hoffman-Bolton, Judy ; Hoover, Robert N ; Johansson, Mattias ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; King, Irena B ; Knekt, Paul ; Kolonel, Laurence N ; Le Marchand, Loic ; Mannisto, Satu ; Martin, Richard M ; Meyer, Haakon E ; Mondul, Alison M ; Moy, Kristin A ; Neal, David E ; Neuhouser, Marian L ; Palli, Domenico ; Platz, Elizabeth A ; Pouchieu, Camille ; Rissanen, Harri ; Schenk, Jeannette M ; Severi, Gianluca ; Stampfer, Meir J ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Touvier, Mathilde ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Weinstein, Stephanie J ; Ziegler, Regina G ; Zhou, Cindy Ke ; Allen, Naomi E

Background : Individual studies have suggested that circulating carotenoids, retinol, or tocopherols may be associated with prostate cancer risk, but the studies have not been large enough to provide precise estimates of associations, particularly by stage and grade of disease. Objective : The objective of this study was to conduct a pooled analysis of the associations of the concentrations of 7 carotenoids, retinol,  [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (12 études incluant au total 358 955 participantes), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre un régime alimentaire riche en acide linoléique, le niveau sérique de cet acide gras oméga-6 et le risque de cancer du sein (10 410 cas)

Linoleic acid and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Zhou,Yunping ; Wang,Tao ; Zhai,Shenyong ; Li,Wei ; Meng,Qiang

Objective : Prior studies on linoleic acid, the predominant n-6 fatty acid, and breast cancer risk have generated inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence regarding the relationship of dietary and serum linoleic acid with breast cancer risk. Design : Pertinent studies were identified by a search of PubMed and EMBASE. The fixed- or random-effect pooled measure was selected based on between-study heterogeneity. Results : Eight prospective cohort studies and [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant le rôle de la metformine dans la prévention et le traitement des cancers, puis présente les mécanismes moléculaires pouvant expliquer l'activité anticancéreuse de cette molécule

Metformin: A Novel but Controversial Drug in Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Sui, Xinbing ; Xu, Yinghua ; Wang, Xian ; Han, Weidong ; Pan, Hongming ; Xiao, Mang

Metformin, a biguanide derivative that is widely used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, has recently been shown to exert potential anticancer effects. Many retrospective data and laboratory studies suggest the idea that metformin has antineoplastic activity, but some other studies reach conflicting conclusions. Although the precise molecular mechanisms by which metformin affects various cancers have not been fully elucidated, activation of AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent pathways along [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin de mélanome malin, cette étude montre que des antioxydants peuvent favoriser le processus métastatique

Antioxidants can increase melanoma metastasis in mice

Le Gal, Kristell ; Ibrahim, Mohamed X. ; Wiel, Clotilde ; Sayin, Volkan I. ; Akula, Murali K. ; Karlsson, Christin ; Dalin, Martin G. ; Akyürek, Levent M. ; Lindahl, Per ; Nilsson, Jonas ; Bergo, Martin O.

Antioxidants are found in a variety of foods and dietary supplements and are frequently used with the goal of preventing cancer, but mounting evidence suggests that they may not be as beneficial as once thought. Clinical studies have shown mixed or no benefits, and other works demonstrated that antioxidants may accelerate the progression of lung cancer. Now, Le Gal et al. discovered that some common antioxidants increase the rate of melanoma cell migration and invasion and increase metastasis [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 327 fumeurs de narguilé (âge : 18 à 30 ans ; 62% d'hommes et 38% de femmes), cette étude évalue les effets immédiats de brefs messages éducatifs, mis en ligne et informant des dangers sanitaires liés au narguilé, sur les perceptions vis-à-vis de ce produit et sur l'envie d'arrêter son utilisation

The Effects of Brief Waterpipe Tobacco Use Harm and Addiction Education Messages among Young Adult Waterpipe Tobacco Users

Mays, Darren ; Tercyak, Kenneth P. ; Lipkus, Isaac M.

Introduction. This study investigated the immediate effects of brief education messages delivered online about harms and addictiveness of waterpipe tobacco use among young adult waterpipe users ages 18 to 30 years. Methods. Participants (n = 327, mean age 24.8 years, 62.1% male, 77.6% white, 67.8% used waterpipe monthly, 26.4% weekly, 5.8% daily) were recruited online and randomized to one of three experimental conditions: (1) Control condition viewing no messages; (2) Harms condition viewing [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en février 2014 (9 études incluant au total 10 204 participants), cette étude évalue l'efficacité d'interventions multiples en médecine générale pour aider les fumeurs à poursuivre leur sevrage tabagique

Effectiveness of multicomponent interventions in primary healthcare settings to promote continuous smoking cessation in adults: a systematic review

Martín Cantera, Carlos ; Puigdomènech, Elisa ; Ballvé, Jose Luis ; Arias, Olga Lucía ; Clemente, Lourdes ; Casas, Ramon ; Roig, Lydia ; Pérez-Tortosa, Santiago ; Díaz-Gete, Laura ; Granollers, Sílvia

Objective : The objective of the present review is to evaluate multicomponent/complex primary care (PC) interventions for their effectiveness in continuous smoking abstinence by adult smokers. Design : A systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials was undertaken. Eligibility criteria for included studies Selected studies met the following criteria: evaluated effects of a multicomponent/complex intervention (with 2 or more intervention components) in achieving at least [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en décembre 2014 (16 études ; 6 710 participants dont 34 % de femmes), cette méta-analyse évalue, en fonction du sexe, l'efficacité de la varénicline pour arrêter le tabagisme

Sex Differences in Varenicline Efficacy for Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis

McKee, Sherry A. ; Smith, Philip H. ; Kaufman, Mira ; Mazure, Carolyn M. ; Weinberger, Andrea H.

Introduction : Women have lower rates of quitting than men with both bupropion and nicotine replacement. It is unknown whether varenicline demonstrates differential efficacy for men and women. The purpose of this study was to conduct the first comprehensive meta-analysis of clinical trial data examining sex differences in the efficacy of varenicline for smoking cessation. Methods : Searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychINFO, 17 of 43 clinical trials of varenicline for smoking cessation published [...]

Menée en Argentine à partir d'une enquête auprès de 3 172 lycéens, cette étude analyse, en fonction de leur statut tabagique, leur réceptivité vis-à-vis des stratégies marketing mises en place dans les points de vente pour promouvoir le tabagisme

Assessing tobacco marketing receptivity among youth: integrating point of sale marketing, cigarette package branding and branded merchandise

Braun, Sandra ; Kollath-Cattano, Christy ; Barrientos, Inti ; Mejía, Raúl ; Morello, Paola ; Sargent, James D ; Thrasher, James F

Background : As countries prohibit tobacco marketing through traditional channels, marketing at point of sale (PoS) and through tobacco packaging is increasingly important for promoting tobacco consumption. Objectives : Assess the validity of a novel marketing receptivity index that considers frequency of PoS exposures, tobacco brand recall and ownership of branded merchandise. Methods : Data come from a cross-sectional survey of 3172 secondary school students in Argentina. Questions assessed [...]