Cet article présente les 12 recommandations de la quatrième édition de l'"European Code against Cancer" en matière de comportements de santé pour réduire le risque de cancer

European Code against Cancer 4th edition: 12 ways to reduce your cancer risk

Schüz, Joachim ; Espina, Carolina ; Villain, Patricia ; Herrero, Rolando ; Leon, Maria E. ; Minozzi, Silvia ; Romieu, Isabelle ; Segnan, Nereo ; Wardle, Jane ; Wiseman, Martin ; Belardelli, Filippo ; Bettcher, Douglas ; Cavalli, Franco ; Galea, Gauden ; Lenoir, Gilbert ; Martin-Moreno, Jose M. ; Nicula, Florian Alexandru ; Olsen, Jørgen H. ; Patnick, Julietta ; Primic-Žakelj, Maja ; Puska, Pekka ; van Leeuwen, Flora E. ; Wiestler, Otmar ; Zatonski, Witold

This overview describes the principles of the 4th edition of the European Code against Cancer and provides an introduction to the 12 recommendations to reduce cancer risk. Among the 504.6 million inhabitants of the member states of the European Union (EU28), there are annually 2.64 million new cancer cases and 1.28 million deaths from cancer. It is estimated that this cancer burden could be reduced by up to one half if scientific knowledge on causes of cancer could be translated into successful [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en février 2015 (26 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'activité physique durant le temps de loisir et le risque de cancer du pancréas chez l'adulte

The Association between Leisure Time Physical Activity and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Farris, Megan S. ; McFadden, Alison A. ; Friedenreich, Christine M. ; Brenner, Darren R.

We conducted a meta-analysis of the association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and risk of pancreatic cancer to update previous analyses to examine subgroups of interest and potential sources of heterogeneity. We searched PubMed and MEDLINE databases for studies to February, 2015. Study information was collected using a standardized form to abstract relevant data on participant and study characteristics, assessment of LTPA and pancreatic cancer. We used random-effects models to [...]

Menée en Islande auprès de 8 221 participants nés entre 1907 et 1935 (durée moyenne de suivi : 24,8 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre le niveau d'activité physique dès le début de l'âge adulte et le risque de cancer de la prostate (1 052 cas)

Physical activity from early adulthood and risk of prostate cancer: a 24 year follow-up study among Icelandic men

Hrafnkelsdottir, Soffia M. ; Torfadottir, Johanna E. ; Aspelund, Thor ; Magnusson, Kristjan ; Tryggvadottir, Laufey ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Mucci, Lorelei A. ; Stampfer, Meir ; Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur A.

Physical activity in adult life may reduce prostate cancer risk. Data are scarce on the role of activity during early adulthood, as well as combined recreational and occupational physical activity on prostate cancer risk and mortality. We undertook a prospective study of 8221 Icelandic men (born 1907 to 1935) in the population-based Reykjavik Study. At enrollment, between 1967 and 1987, the men provided information on regular recreational physical activity since the age of 20 years as well as [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant l'association entre certains régimes alimentaires et le risque de cancer, puis présente les recommandations de la quatrième édition de l'"European Code against Cancer" en matière de comportements alimentaires pour réduire ce risque

European Code against Cancer 4th edition: Diet and cancer

Norat, Teresa ; Scoccianti, Chiara ; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine ; Anderson, Annie ; Berrino, Franco ; Cecchini, Michele ; Espina, Carolina ; Key, Tim ; Leitzmann, Michael ; Powers, Hilary ; Wiseman, Martin ; Romieu, Isabelle

Lifestyle factors, including diet, have long been recognised as potentially important determinants of cancer risk. In addition to the significant role diet plays in affecting body fatness, a risk factor for several cancers, experimental studies have indicated that diet may influence the cancer process in several ways. Prospective studies have shown that dietary patterns characterised by higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain foods, and lower intakes of red and processed meats and [...]

Menée à partir des données de deux études incluant au total 163 886 femmes et des données d'une étude portant sur 39 424 professionnels de santé (durée de suivi : 4 millions personnes-années), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de café ou de caféine et le risque de mélanome cutané (2 254 cas)

Caffeine Intake, Coffee Consumption, and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma

Wu, Shaowei ; Han, Jiali ; Song, Fengju ; Cho, Eunyoung ; Gao, Xiang ; Hunter, David J. ; Qureshi, Abrar A.

Background : Caffeine has been shown to prevent ultraviolet radiation-induced carcinogenesis and to inhibit growth of melanoma cells in experimental studies. We evaluated the association among caffeine intake, coffee consumption, and melanoma risk among three large cohort studies. Methods : The analysis used data from 89,220 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2009), 74,666 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2008), and 39,424 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study [...]

Menée à partir des données de 9 études (2 études de cohorte, 1 étude cas-témoin, 6 essais randomisés), cette étude évalue l'association entre une alimentation riche en substances anti-oxydantes (vitamines C, E ou A, sélénium, caroténoïdes) et le risque de mélanome cutané

Dietary Antioxidants and Melanoma: Evidence from Cohort and Intervention Studies

Miura, Kyoko ; Green, Adèle C.

Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer affecting mostly people of Caucasian origin and is associated with high exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Antioxidants in the diet are thought to prevent UV-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress and laboratory-based studies have shown that high antioxidant intakes inhibit melanoma development. Corresponding epidemiological evidence is inconsistent, however. We therefore reviewed results from prospective observational studies and [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en mars 2015 (5 études ; 1 366 cas et 8 259 témoins au total), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de poisson et le risque de myélome multiple

Fish consumption and risk of myeloma: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

Wang, Ya-Zhu ; Wu, Qi-Jun ; Zhu, Jingjing ; Wu, Lang

Purpose : The relationship between fish consumption and multiple myeloma (MM) risk has not been consistent across epidemiological studies. We quantitatively assessed the aforementioned association through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods : PubMed was searched through the end of March 2015 for eligible studies. Fixed or random effects models were used to pool risk estimates. Five case–control studies that involved 1,366 cases and 8,259 controls were identified. Three studies had [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni à partir de données portant sur 2 745 patients atteints d'un cancer de la tête et du cou diagnostiqué entre 1995 et 2013 et sur 16 470 témoins (âge inférieur à 90 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (ibuprofène, aspirine, ...) et le risque de développer un cancer des voies aérodigestives supérieures

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of head and neck cancer: A case-control analysis

Becker, Claudia ; Wilson, Jessica Claire ; Jick, Susan S. ; Meier, Christoph R.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) have been associated with a reduced risk for certain cancers. We explored the association between use of NSAIDs and the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). We conducted a case-control analysis in the UK-based Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) among people below the age of 90 years with incident HNC between 1995 and 2013. Six controls per case were matched on age, sex, calendar time, general practice, and [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant les effets de la cigarette électronique sur la santé et l'intérêt de ce dispositif dans le sevrage tabagique

Science and the Evolving Electronic Cigarette

Lopez, Alexa A. ; Eissenberg, Thomas

Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) have continued to gain popularity among the general public since their introduction in 2003. While all ECIGs work by heating a liquid solution into an aerosol that is then inhaled by the user, there are differences in engineering characteristics and appearance of the devices as well as how the liquid is stored and heated, its nicotine concentration, its ratio of propylene glycol and/or vegetable glycerin, and the flavorants added to the liquid. Some of the research [...]