Menée sur 77 541 personnes âgées de 65 ans ou plus, cette étude taïwanaise évalue l'association entre l'activité physique et la mortalité toutes causes confondues ainsi que la mortalité par cancer ou par maladie cardiovasculaire

The association of physical activity with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality among older adults

Wu, Chen-Yi ; Hu, Hsiao-Yun ; Chou, Yi-Chang ; Huang, Nicole ; Chou, Yiing-Jenq ; Li, Chung-Pin

Objective : To evaluate the association of physical activity with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality among older adults. Methods : A study sample consisting of 77,541 community-dwelling Taipei citizens aged ≥ 65 years were selected based on data obtained from the government-sponsored Annual Geriatric Health Examination Program between 2006 and 2010. Subjects were asked how many times they had physical activity for ≥ 30 minutes during the past 6 months. Mortality was determined by [...]

Menée à partir des données 2009-2010 d'une enquête auprès d'un échantillon représentatif de la population américaine, cette étude analyse, en fonction du sexe, de l'appartenance ethnique et du niveau d'éducation, l'utilisation du narguilé

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking in the United States: Findings from the National Adult Tobacco Survey

Salloum, Ramzi G. ; Thrasher, James F. ; Kates, Frederick R. ; Maziak, Wasim

Objective : To report prevalence and correlates of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) use among U.S. adults. Methods : Data were from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Estimates of WTS ever and current use were reported overall, and by sex, age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, annual household income, sexual orientation, and cigarette smoking status. State-level prevalence rates of WTS ever were reported using choropleth [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en mai 2014 (17 études, 982 411 participants), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de fibres alimentaires et le risque de décès toutes causes confondues (67 260 décès)

Association Between Dietary Fiber and Lower Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Yang, Yang ; Zhao, Long-Gang ; Wu, Qi-Jun ; Ma, Xiao ; Xiang, Yong-Bing

Although in vitro and in vivo experiments have suggested that dietary fiber might have beneficial effects on health, results on the association between fiber intake and all-cause mortality in epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to quantitatively assess this association. Pertinent studies were identified by searching articles in PubMed and Web of Knowledge through May 2014 and reviewing the reference lists of the [...]

Menée à partir des données de deux études américaines portant respectivement sur une cohorte de 74 341 femmes et une cohorte de 43 744 hommes (durée de suivi : 2 727 006 personnes-années), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de céréales complètes et le risque de décès (26 920 cas) par maladie cardiovasculaire, cancer ou autres causes

Association between dietary whole grain intake and risk of mortality: Two large prospective studies in us men and women

Wu, H. ; Flint, A. J. ; Qi, Q. ; et al.,

Importance : Higher intake of whole grains has been associated with a lower risk of major chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD), although limited prospective evidence exists regarding whole grains’ association with mortality. Objective : To examine the association between dietary whole grain consumption and risk of mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants : We investigated 74 341 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (1984–2010) and 43 744 men [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête auprès de 8 640 femmes et 4 983 hommes (âge médian : 74 ans ; période de suivie : 1981-2013), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation d'aliments riches en vitamines A ou C ou une supplémentation en vitamines anti-oxydantes et le risque de décès toutes causes confondues

Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and Mortality: The Leisure World Cohort Study

Paganini-Hill, Annlia ; Kawas, Claudia H. ; Corrada, María M.

To assess the relationship between antioxidant vitamin intake and all-cause mortality in older adults, we examined these associations using data from the Leisure World Cohort Study, a prospective study of residents of the Leisure World retirement community in Laguna Hills, California. In the early 1980s, participants (who were aged 44–101 years) completed a postal survey, which included details on use of vitamin supplements and dietary intake of foods containing vitamins A and C. Age-adjusted [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès d'une cohorte incluant 20 742 hommes (durée médiane de suivi : 9,6 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de fruits à coque (noix, noisettes, cacahuètes, ...) et la mortalité toutes causes confondues

Nut consumption and risk of mortality in the Physicians’ Health Study

Hshieh, Tammy T ; Petrone, Andrew B ; Gaziano, J Michael ; Djoussé, Luc

Background : Previous studies have suggested that nut consumption is associated with beneficial cardiovascular outcomes. However, limited data are available on the association between nut intake and all-cause mortality. Objective : Our aim was to test the hypothesis that nut consumption is inversely associated with the risk of all-cause mortality. Design : In this prospective cohort study in 20,742 male physicians, we assessed nut intake between 1999 and 2002 via a food-frequency questionnaire [...]

Menée en Norvège à partir de questionnaires auprès de 224 234 hommes âgés de 20 à 69 ans, cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de café bouilli et le risque de cancer de la prostate (5 740 cas)

Boiled coffee consumption and the risk of prostate cancer : follow-up of 224,234 Norwegian men 20-69 years

Tverdal, A.

Background : There is insufficient epidemiological evidence on the relationship between type of coffee and the risk of prostate cancer. Methods : The risk of prostate cancer by use of boiled vs not boiled coffee were assessed in a prospective study of 224,234 men 20–69 years. 5740 incident prostate cancers were identified. Results : With no coffee as reference group the hazard ratios of <1–4, 5–8 and 9+ cups per day of boiled coffee only were 0.84 (0.73–0.96), 0.80 (0.70–0.92) and 0.66 [...]

Menée au Danemark sur 4 103 patientes atteintes d'un cancer de l'ovaire diagnostiqué entre 2000 et 2011 et sur 58 706 témoins (âge : 30 à 84 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de faibles doses d'aspirine et le risque de développer la maladie

Low-dose aspirin use and the risk of ovarian cancer in Denmark

Baandrup, L. ; Kjaer, S. K. ; Olsen, J. H. ; Dehlendorff, C. ; Friis, S.

Background : A comprehensive body of evidence has shown that aspirin has cancer-preventive effects, particularly against gastrointestinal cancer, but its effects on the risk of ovarian cancer are less well established. This nationwide case-control study examined the association between low-dose aspirin and the risk of ovarian cancer. Patients and methods : We identified all patients in the Danish Cancer Registry aged 30–84 years old with a histologically verified first diagnosis of epithelial [...]

Menée auprès de 6 390 hommes, cette étude prospective évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'aspirine et/ou d'autres anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens et le risque de cancer de la prostate de faible ou haut grade

Aspirin, NSAID and risk of prostate cancer: Results from the REDUCE study

Vidal, Adriana C. ; Howard, Lauren E. ; Moreira, Daniel M ; Castro-Santamaria, Ramiro ; Adriole, Gerald L ; Freedland, Stephen J.

Purpose : A recent meta-analysis showed aspirin was associated with reduced prostate cancer (PC) risk. As anti-inflammatory medications lower PSA levels, whether these findings reflect reduced PC detection or lower PC risk is unknown. We tested the association between aspirin and non-aspirin NSAID on PC diagnosis in REDUCE, where all men received biopsies at 2- and 4-years largely independent of PSA. REDUCE tested dutasteride for PC risk reduction in men with a PSA of 2.5-10.0 ng/mL and a [...]

Menée à partir des données du "National Cancer Institute's Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial" portant sur 29 254 participantes et à l'aide de questionnaires, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de bisphosphonates et le risque de cancer de l'endomètre

Protective effect of bisphosphonates on endometrial cancer incidence in data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial

Alford, Sharon Hensley ; Rattan, Ramandeep ; Buekers, Thomas E. ; Munkarah, Adnan R.

BACKGROUND : Preclinical studies have demonstrated antitumor effects of bisphosphonates. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of exposure to bisphosphonate on the incidence of endometrial cancer. METHODS : The authors used data from the National Cancer Institute's Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, which collected data on all cancers. In year 5, all participants were asked to complete a self-administered supplemental questionnaire [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur une cohorte de 3 983 824 femmes suédoises ou danoises (âge : 10 à 44 ans ; durée de suivi : 7 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre le fait de recevoir une ou plusieurs doses de vaccin quadrivalent contre le papillomavirus humain (789 082 cas) et le risque de sclérose en plaques ou d'autres maladies démyélinisantes

Quadrivalent hpv vaccination and risk of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system

Scheller, N. ; Svanström, H. ; Pasternak, B. ; et al.,

Importance : Case reports have suggested a link between human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and development of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. Objective : To investigate if quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccination is associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. Design, Setting, and Participants : Using nationwide registers we identified a cohort of all females aged 10 years to 44 years in Denmark and Sweden, followed up from 2006 [...]

A partir d'une modélisation, cette étude compare le rapport coût-efficacité de deux schémas de vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain, l'un utilisant deux doses de vaccin et l'autre trois doses

Comparison of two dose and three dose human papillomavirus vaccine schedules : cost effectiveness analysis based on transmission model

Jit, Mark ; Brisson, Marc ; Laprise, Jean-François ; Choi, Yoon Hong

Objective : To investigate the incremental cost effectiveness of two dose human papillomavirus vaccination and of additionally giving a third dose. Design : Cost effectiveness study based on a transmission dynamic model of human papillomavirus vaccination. Two dose schedules for bivalent or quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccines were assumed to provide 10, 20, or 30 years’ vaccine type protection and cross protection or lifelong vaccine type protection without cross protection. Three dose [...]

Cet article présente les recommandations de l'ASCO ( American Society of Clinical Oncology) et de l'AACR (American Association for Cancer Research) concernant la réglementation des systèmes électroniques de délivrance de nicotine

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Policy Statement From the American Association for Cancer Research and the American Society of Clinical Oncology

Brandon, Thomas H. ; Goniewicz, Maciej L. ; Hanna, Nasser H. ; Hatsukami, Dorothy K. ; Herbst, Roy S. ; Hobin, Jennifer A. ; Ostroff, Jamie S. ; Shields, Peter G. ; Toll, Benjamin A. ; Tyne, Courtney A. ; Viswanath, Kasisomayajula ; Warren, Graham W.

Combustible tobacco use remains the number-one preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the United States. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), which include electronic cigarettes, are devices capable of delivering nicotine in an aerosolized form. ENDS use by both adults and youth has increased rapidly, and some have advocated these products could serve as harm-reduction devices and smoking cessation aids. ENDS may be beneficial if they reduce smoking rates or prevent or [...]

Mené en Australie auprès de 534 adultes (âge moyen : 39,3 ans ; 38,7% d'hommes et 61,3% de femmes), cet essai évalue l'efficacité d'une intervention interactive en ligne d'une durée de 20 à 25 minutes pour améliorer leurs comportements de prévention vis-à-vis de l'exposition solaire

A randomised controlled trial of an online theory-based intervention to improve adult Australians’ sun-protective behaviours

White, Katherine M. ; Starfelt, Louise C. ; Young, Ross McD ; Hawkes, Anna L. ; Cleary, Catherine ; Leske, Stuart ; Wihardjo, Kylie

Objective : To evaluate the effectiveness of a single-session online theory of planned behaviour (TPB)-based intervention to improve sun-protective attitudes and behaviour among Australian adults. Methods : Australian adults (N = 534; 38.7% males; Mage = 39.3 years) from major cities (80.9%) and regional (17.6%) and remote areas (1.5%) were recruited and randomly allocated to an intervention (N = 265) and information only group (N = 267). The online intervention focused on fostering positive [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir d'une enquête nationale en ligne auprès de 1 247 jeunes adultes (âge : de 18 à 34 ans), cette étude analyse leurs connaissances sur la cigarette électronique (présence ou non de nicotine et de substances toxiques, nature de la règlementation en vigueur), puis évalue l'association entre le niveau de connaissance du produit et son utilisation

Knowledge about e-cigarette constituents and regulation : Results from a national survey of US young adults

Sanders-Jackson, Ashley ; Tan, Andy S.L. ; Bigman, Cabral A. ; Henriksen, Lisa

Objectives : To examine young adults’ knowledge of e-cigarette constituents and regulation and its association with product use and self-reported exposure to marketing. Methods : Young adults (18-34 years, N=1,247) from a US web panel were surveyed in March 2014. Using multinomial logistic regressions, self-reported exposure to marketing was examined as a predictor of whether participants responded correctly (reference category), incorrectly, or “don’t know” to four knowledge items – whether [...]

Menée auprès de 427 adultes ayant survécu à un cancer et fumant régulièrement des cigarettes, cette étude évalue, du point de vue de l'abstinence tabagique auto-rapportée et de l'abstinence tabagique vérifiée par dosage de la cotinine salivaire, l'efficacité de deux programmes d'interventions comportant des séances de conseils téléphoniques et un traitement substitutif nicotinique

Efficacy of a Tobacco Quitline among Adult Cancer Survivors

Klesges, Robert C. ; Krukowski, Rebecca A. ; Klosky, James L. ; Liu, Wei ; Srivastava, Deo Kumar ; Boyett, James M. ; Lanctot, Jennifer Q. ; Hudson, Melissa M. ; Folsom, Charla ; Lando, Harry ; Robison, Leslie L.

Objective : The purpose of the study (conducted 2010-2013) was to determine the efficacy of two common types of tobacco quitlines in adult cancer survivors who regularly smoked cigarettes. Method : Adult onset cancer survivors in Memphis, Tennessee (n = 427, 67% female, 60% Caucasian) were randomized either to a Proactive (i.e., counselor-initiated calls) or Reactive (i.e., participant-initiated calls) quitline. Both conditions also received nicotine replacement therapy. The primary outcome was [...]