Menée en Italie auprès de 801 cas et 619 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre le tabagisme et le risque d'œsophagite érosive et d'endobrachyœsophage, facteurs de risque du cancer de l'œsophage et du cardia

Smoking as an independent determinant of Barrett’s esophagus and, to a lesser degree, of reflux esophagitis

Filiberti, Rosa ; Fontana, Vincenzo ; De Ceglie, Antonella ; Blanchi, Sabrina ; Grossi, Enzo ; Della Casa, Domenico ; Lacchin, Teresa ; De Matthaeis, Marina ; Ignomirelli, Orazio ; Cappiello, Roberta ; Foti, Monica ; Laterza, Francesco ; Annese, Vito ; Iaquinto, Gaetano ; Conio, Massimo

Purpose : To evaluate the role of smoking in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and erosive esophagitis (E) compared to endoscopic controls with no BE or E. Smoking is considered a cause of both BE and E, but results on this topic are quite controversial. Methods : Patients with BE (339), E (462) and controls (619: 280 with GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)-negative and 339 with GERD-positive anamnesis) were recruited in 12 Italian endoscopy units. Data were obtained from structured questionnaires. [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de données portant sur 2 915 participants à des essais cliniques impliquant une coloscopie, cette étude évalue l'association entre le tabagisme et le risque d'adénomes et de polypes dentelés du côlon-rectum

Smoking-associated risks of conventional adenomas and serrated polyps in the colorectum

Figueiredo, JaneC ; Crockett, SethD ; Snover, DaleC ; Morris, CarolynB ; McKeown-Eyssen, Gail ; Sandler, RobertS ; Ahnen, DennisJ ; Robertson, DouglasJ ; Burke, CarolA ; Bresalier, RobertS ; Church, JamesM ; Church, TimothyR ; Baron, JohnA

Purpose : Prior studies suggest cigarette smoking is associated with 1.5- to twofold increased risk of colorectal adenomas and possibly a higher risk of serrated polyps. Further clarification of risk differences between adenomas and serrated polyps is needed with regard to co-occurrence and polyp location. Methods : We conducted a combined analysis of conventional adenoma and serrated polyp occurrence using individual-level data from 2,915 patients participating in three colonoscopy-based [...]

A partir de données issues de trois hôpitaux au Pakistan, cette étude cas-témoins analyse l'association entre la mastication de paan, une chique de bétel et de noix d’arec, avec ou sans tabac, et le risque de cancer de la cavité buccale

Total, direct, and indirect effects of paan on oral cancer

Merchant, AnwarT ; Pitiphat, Waranuch

Purpose : Paan (betel leaf and betel nut quid) used with or without tobacco has been positively associated with oral cancer. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a precancerous condition caused by paan, lies on the causal pathway between paan use and oral cancer. The purpose of this analysis was to estimate the effect of paan consumption on oral cancer risk when it is mediated by OSMF. Methods : We used mediation methods proposed by VanderWeele, which are based on causal inference principles, to [...]

Cette étude met en évidence des mécanismes par lesquels un glycane " Neu5Gc" présent dans la viande rouge induit une inflammation des tissus capable d'augmenter ou de former des tumeurs

A red meat-derived glycan promotes inflammation and cancer progression

Samraj, Annie N. ; Pearce, Oliver M. T. ; Läubli, Heinz ; Crittenden, Alyssa N. ; Bergfeld, Anne K. ; Banda, Kalyan ; Gregg, Christopher J. ; Bingman, Andrea E. ; Secrest, Patrick ; Diaz, Sandra L. ; Varki, Nissi M. ; Varki, Ajit

A well known, epidemiologically reproducible risk factor for human carcinomas is the long-term consumption of “red meat” of mammalian origin. Although multiple theories have attempted to explain this human-specific association, none have been conclusively proven. We used an improved method to survey common foods for free and glycosidically bound forms of the nonhuman sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), showing that it is highly and selectively enriched in red meat. The bound form of [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 163 cas et 136 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre le régime alimentaire maternel durant la grossesse et le risque de rétinoblastome unilatéral chez l'enfant

Maternal diet during pregnancy and unilateral retinoblastoma

Lombardi, Christina ; Ganguly, Arupa ; Bunin, GretaR ; Azary, Saeedeh ; Alfonso, Vivian ; Ritz, Beate ; Heck, JuliaE

Purpose : Previous studies have suggested a role for parental diet in childhood cancer prevention, but there are few studies of retinoblastoma. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between maternal diet and unilateral retinoblastoma. Methods : A case–control study of 163 unilateral RB cases and 136 controls ascertained information on maternal diet during pregnancy using a standardized food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to assess the relation between [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir des données de la cohorte "Women’s Health Initiative" incluant 152 536 femmes âgées de 50 à 79 ans, cette étude prospective évalue l'association entre une consommation d'aliments à fort index glycémique et le risque de cancer colorectal

The association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of colorectal cancer among postmenopausal women: results from the Women’s Health Initiative

Tabung, FredK ; Steck, SusanE ; Ma, Yunsheng ; Liese, AngelaD ; Zhang, Jiajia ; Caan, Bette ; Hou, Lifang ; Johnson, KarenC ; Mossavar-Rahmani, Yasmin ; Shivappa, Nitin ; Wactawski-Wende, Jean ; Ockene, JudithK ; Hébert, JamesR

Purpose : Inflammation is a process central to carcinogenesis and in particular to colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, we developed a dietary inflammatory index (DII) from extensive literature review to assess the inflammatory potential of diet. In the current study, we utilized this novel index in the Women’s Health Initiative to prospectively evaluate its association with risk of CRC in postmenopausal women. Methods : The DII was calculated from baseline food frequency questionnaires [...]

Menée auprès de 2 646 participants masculins (âge moyen : 57,7 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre la concentration sérique de béta-carotène et la mortalité par cancer chez des salariés exposés à l'amiante

Baseline serum Β-carotene concentration and mortality among long-term asbestos-exposed insulators

Hashim, Dana ; Gaughan, Denise ; Boffetta, Paolo ; Lucchini, Roberto G.

Background: Although interventional trials demonstrated that moderate-dose β -carotene supplementation increases lung cancer mortality in smokers and asbestos-exposed workers, differences in serum concentrations in absence of supplementation have not been studied in asbestos-exposed workers. Methods: A mortality analysis was performed to assess the relationship of non-supplemented serum β-carotene to all-cause and cancer mortalities using 1981-1983 serum β-carotene concentration measurements [...]

Cette étude passe en revue les mécanismes par lesquels des protéines virales (herpèsvirus, papillomavirus humain, virus de l'hépatite C) interférent avec les fonctions pro et anti-apoptotiques des protéines Bc-2 et Bcl-xL

Disruption of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL by viral proteins as a possible cause of cancer

Alibek, Kenneth ; Irving, Stephanie ; Sautbayeva, Zarina ; Kakpenova, Ainur ; Bekmurzayeva, Aliya ; Baiken, Yeldar ; Imangali, Nurgul ; Shaimerdenova, Madina ; Mektepbayeva, Damel ; Balabiyev, Arnat ; Chinybayeva, Aizada

The Bcl proteins play a critical role in apoptosis, as mutations in family members interfere with normal programmed cell death. Such events can cause cell transformation, potentially leading to cancer. Recent discoveries indicate that some viral proteins interfere with Bcl proteins either directly or indirectly; however, these data have not been systematically described. Some viruses encode proteins that reprogramme host cellular signalling pathways controlling cell differentiation, [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis par enquête auprès de 1 903 patientes atteintes de tumeurs trophoblastiques gestationnelles, cette étude analyse l'association entre la chimiothérapie reçue et le risque de second cancer et de ménopause précoce

Effects of Single-Agent and Combination Chemotherapy for Gestational Trophoblastic Tumors on Risks of Second Malignancy and Early Menopause

Savage, Philip ; Cooke, Rosie ; O'Nions, Jenny ; Krell, Jon ; Kwan, Amy ; Camarata, Michelle ; Dancy, Gairin ; Short, Dee ; Seckl, Michael J. ; Swerdlow, Anthony

Purpose : To assess the risks of second malignancy and early menopause in a large cohort of patients with gestational trophoblastic tumor who were treated with chemotherapy. Patients and Methods : A survey of patients treated at Charing Cross Hospital between 1958 and 2000 was performed in 2006 to assemble incidence data for subsequent malignancies and the age at menopause. Treatment records were reviewed for the regimens and durations, and the incidence of subsequent malignancies was compared [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (9 études, 2 408 patients), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre le niveau sanguin de glucose et le risque de cancer du pancréas

Blood glucose concentration and risk of pancreatic cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Wei-Chih Liao, ; Yu-Kang Tu, ; Ming-Shiang Wu, ; Jaw-Town Lin, ; Hsiu-Po Wang, ; Kuo-Liong Chien,

Objective : To evaluate potential linear and non-linear dose-response relations between blood glucose and risk of pancreatic cancer. Design : Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Data sources : Search of PubMed, Scopus, and related reviews before 30 November 2013 without language restriction. Eligibility criteria : Prospective studies evaluating the association between blood glucose concentration and pancreatic cancer. Retrospective and cross [...]

Menée en population asiatique et portant sur 5 457 cas et 4 493 témoins, cette étude évalue la relation entre des variants de gènes associés à la longueur des télomères et le risque de cancer du poumon chez des femmes n'ayant jamais fumé

Genetic variants associated with longer telomere length are associated with increased lung cancer risk among never-smoking women in Asia: a report from the female lung cancer consortium in Asia

Machiela, Mitchell J. ; Hsiung, Chao Agnes ; Shu, Xiao-Ou ; Seow, Wei Jie ; Wang, Zhaoming ; Matsuo, Keitaro ; Hong, Yun-Chul ; Seow, Adeline ; Wu, Chen ; Hosgood, H. Dean ; Chen, Kexin ; Wang, Jiu-Cun ; Wen, Wanqing ; Cawthon, Richard ; Chatterjee, Nilanjan ; Hu, Wei ; Caporaso, Neil E. ; Park, Jae Yong ; Chen, Chien-Jen ; Kim, Yeul Hong ; Kim, Young Tae ; Landi, Maria Teresa ; Shen, Hongbing ; Lawrence, Charles ; Burdett, Laurie ; Yeager, Meredith ; Chang, I. Shou ; Mitsudomi, Tetsuya ; Kim, Hee Nam ; Chang, Gee-Chen ; Bassig, Bryan A. ; Tucker, Margaret ; Wei, Fusheng ; Yin, Zhihua ; An, She-Juan ; Qian, Biyun ; Lee, Victor Ho Fun ; Lu, Daru ; Liu, Jianjun ; Jeon, Hyo-Sung ; Hsiao, Chin-Fu ; Sung, Jae Sook ; Kim, Jin Hee ; Gao, Yu-Tang ; Tsai, Ying-Huang ; Jung, Yoo Jin ; Guo, Huan ; Hu, Zhibin ; Hutchinson, Amy ; Wang, Wen-Chang ; Klein, Robert J. ; Chung, Charles C. ; Oh, In-Jae ; Chen, Kuan-Yu ; Berndt, Sonja I. ; Wu, Wei ; Chang, Jiang ; Zhang, Xu-Chao ; Huang, Ming-Shyan ; Zheng, Hong ; Wang, Junwen ; Zhao, Xueying ; Li, Yuqing ; Choi, Jin Eun ; Su, Wu-Chou ; Park, Kyong Hwa ; Sung, Sook Whan ; Chen, Yuh-Min ; Liu, Li ; Kang, Chang Hyun ; Hu, Lingmin ; Chen, Chung-Hsing ; Pao, William ; Kim, Young-Chul ; Yang, Tsung-Ying ; Xu, Jun ; Guan, Peng ; Tan, Wen ; Su, Jian ; Wang, Chih-Liang ; Li, Haixin ; Sihoe, Alan Dart Loon ; Zhao, Zhenhong ; Chen, Ying ; Choi, Yi Young ; Hung, Jen-Yu ; Kim, Jun Suk ; Yoon, Ho-Il ; Cai, Qiuyin ; Lin, Chien-Chung ; Park, In Kyu ; Xu, Ping ; Dong, Jing ; Kim, Christopher ; He, Qincheng ; Perng, Reury-Perng ; Kohno, Takashi ; Kweon, Sun-Seog ; Chen, Chih-Yi ; Vermeulen, Roel C. H. ; Wu, Junjie ; Lim, Wei-Yen ; Chen, Kun-Chieh ; Chow, Wong-Ho ; Ji, Bu-Tian ; Chan, John K. C. ; Chu, Minjie ; Li, Yao-Jen ; Yokota, Jun ; Li, Jihua ; Chen, Hongyan ; Xiang, Yong-Bing ; Yu, Chong-Jen ; Kunitoh, Hideo ; Wu, Guoping ; Jin, Li ; Lo, Yen-Li ; Shiraishi, Kouya ; Chen, Ying-Hsiang ; Lin, Hsien-Chih ; Wu, Tangchun ; Wong, Maria Pik ; Wu, Yi-Long ; Yang, Pan-Chyr ; Zhou, Baosen ; Shin, Min-Ho ; Fraumeni, Joseph F. ; Zheng, Wei ; Lin, Dongxin ; Chanock, Stephen J. ; Rothman, Nathaniel ; Lan, Qing

Recent evidence from several relatively small nested case-control studies in prospective cohorts shows an association between longer telomere length measured phenotypically in peripheral white blood cell (WBC) DNA and increased lung cancer risk. We sought to further explore this relationship by examining a panel of seven telomere-length associated genetic variants in a large study of 5,457 never-smoking female Asian lung cancer cases and 4,493 never-smoking female Asian controls using data from [...]

A partir de données de six cohortes portant sur 9 456 cas et 10 816 témoins, cette étude évalue la relation entre des polymorphismes de gènes précédemment identifiés dans des études sur le génome entier et associés au statut de la vitamine D et le risque de cancer du sein

Vitamin D-associated genetic variation and risk of breast cancer in the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3)

Mondul, Alison M. ; Shui, Irene M. ; Yu, Kai ; Weinstein, Stephanie J. ; Tsilidis, Konstantinos K. ; Joshi, Amit D. ; Agudo, Antonio ; Berg, Christine D. ; Black, Amanda ; Buring, Julie E. ; Chasman, Daniel I. ; Gaudet, Mia M. ; Haiman, Christopher ; Hankinson, Susan E. ; Henderson, Brian E. ; Hoover, Robert N. ; Hunter, David J. ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; Kühn, Tilman ; Kvaskoff, Marina ; LeMarchand, Loic ; Lindström, Sara ; McCullough, Marjorie ; Overvad, Kim ; Peeters, Petra H. ; Riboli, Elio ; Ridker, Paul M. ; Stram, Daniel O. ; Sund, Malin ; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios ; Tumino, Rosario ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Willett, Walter C. ; Kraft, Peter ; Ziegler, Regina G. ; Albanes, Demetrius

Background:Two recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified SNPs related to circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration in or near four genes. To examine the hypothesized inverse relationship between vitamin D status and breast cancer, we studied the associations between SNPs in these genes and breast cancer risk in a large pooled study of 9,456 cases and 10,816 controls from six cohorts. Methods:SNP markers localized to each of four genes (GC, CYP24A1, CYP2R1, and [...]

Couplée à une cohorte prospective en population japonaise (18 628 participants âgés de 40 à 69 ans) et portant sur 90 cas et 175 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre le niveau plasmatique d'isoflavones et le risque de cancer primitif du foie chez des patients infectés par le virus de l'hépatite B ou C

Plasma isoflavones and risk of primary liver cancer in Japanese women and men with hepatitis virus infection: A nested case-control study

Michikawa, Takehiro ; Inoue, Manami ; Sawada, Norie ; Tanaka, Yasuhito ; Yamaji, Taiki ; Iwasaki, Motoki ; Shimazu, Taichi ; Sasazuki, Shizuka ; Mizokami, Masashi ; Tsugane, Shoichiro

Background: Evidence suggests that estrogen plays a preventive role in primary liver cancer development, and it might be thought that isoflavones, which are structurally similar to estrogens and bind to estrogen receptors, are associated with the risk of liver cancer. We investigated this suspected association by measuring plasma concentrations of isoflavones in a nested case-control study of a population-based prospective cohort in Japan. Methods: From 18,628 target participants aged 40 to 69 [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir des données d"une cohorte multiethnique incluant 2 252 participants fumeurs, cette étude analyse les disparités ethniques dans l'association entre les niveaux de 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) et ses glucuronides mesurés dans les urines et le risque de cancer du poumon

Variation in Levels of the Lung Carcinogen NNAL and its Glucuronides in the Urine of Cigarette Smokers from Five Ethnic Groups with Differing Risks for Lung Cancer

Park, Sungshim L. ; Carmella, Steven G. ; Ming, Xun ; Stram, Daniel O. ; Le Marchand, Loic ; Hecht, Stephen S.

Background: Results of the Multiethnic Cohort study (MEC) demonstrated that, for the same quantity of cigarettes smoked, African Americans (AfrAm) and Native Hawaiians (NH) have a higher risk of lung cancer compared to Whites, whereas Latinos (LA) and Japanese Americans (JA) have a lower risk. We hypothesize that the uptake and/or metabolism of the lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) could explain the differences in lung cancer risk. Methods: We measured urinary [...]