Menée en Allemagne à partir de questionnaires auprès de 823 jeunes femmes (âge : de 20 à 25 ans), cette étude analyse leurs comportements sexuels, puis identifie les facteurs associés à la précocité des premiers rapports sexuels ou à la vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain

Sexual behavior and factors associated with young age at first intercourse and HPV vaccine uptake among young women in Germany: implications for HPV vaccination policies

Remschmidt, Cornelius ; Fesenfeld, Michaela ; Kaufmann, Andreas ; Delere, Yvonne

Background : In Germany, immunization against human papillomaviruses (HPV) is free of charge for all females aged 12 to 17 years. Since HPV infection rates rise soon after first intercourse, immunization against HPV should be completed before sexual debut. Knowledge of country-specific data on age at first intercourse and related risk factors is important to optimize prevention of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to describe sexual [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude évalue l'effet chimiopréventif de la 25-hydroxyvitamine D, un métabolite de la vitamine D, sur la carcinogenèse mammaire

Chemoprevention activity of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer

Rossdeutscher, Lionel ; Li, Jiarong ; Luco, Aimee Lee ; Fadhil, Ibtihal ; Ochietti, Benoit ; Camirand, Anne ; Huang, Dao Chao ; Reinhardt, Timothy A ; Muller, William ; Kremer, Richard

Development of oncologic conditions is often accompanied by inadequate vitamin D status. The chemoprevention ability of this molecule is of high interest for breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Because current effective vitamin D analogs including the naturally-occurring active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D) frequently cause hypercalcemia at pharmacological doses, the development of safer molecules for clinical chemopreventive use is essential. [...]

Menée en Ontario (Canada) à partir des données de registres médicaux portant sur une cohorte de 260 493 adolescentes, cette étude évalue l'effet de la vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain sur le niveau d'indicateurs cliniques du comportement sexuel (nombre de cas de grossesse, nombre de cas d'infection sexuellement transmissible, ...)

Effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on clinical indicators of sexual behaviour among adolescent girls : the Ontario Grade 8 HPV Vaccine Cohort Study

Smith, Leah M. ; Kaufman, Jay S. ; Strumpf, Erin C. ; Lévesque, Linda E.

Background : Suboptimal human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage in some jurisdictions is partly attributed to fears that vaccination may increase risky sexual behaviour. We assessed the effect of HPV vaccination on clinical indicators of sexual behaviour among adolescent girls in Ontario. Methods : Using Ontario's administrative health databases, we identified a population-based cohort of girls in grade 8 in the 2 years before (2005/06 and 2006/07) and after (2007/08 and 2008/09) [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle mathématique intégrant les données de 15 pays européens, cette étude estime, sur la période 2011-2040, le nombre de décès liés au tabagisme pouvant être évités grâce à l'augmentation des taxes sur le tabac et à la mise en place de politiques conformes aux mesures de la Convention-cadre de l’OMS pour la lutte contre le tabagisme

The benefits from complying with the framework convention on tobacco control: a SimSmoke analysis of 15 European nations

Levy, David T ; Huang, An-Tsun ; Currie, Laura M ; Clancy, Luke

Introduction : This article compares the predicted impact of tobacco tax increases alone and as part of a comprehensive tobacco control strategy on smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths (SADs) across 15 European countries. Methods : Country-specific population, smoking prevalence and policy data with modified parameter values have been applied to the previously validated SimSmoke model for 10 high-income and 5 middle-income European nations. The impact of past and potential future [...]

Menée à partir des données d'une enquête réalisée en 2010 auprès de 346 674 bénéficiaires de l'assurance maladie Medicare (âge : plus de 65 ans), cette étude analyse, en fonction des caractéristiques des patients, la prévalence du tabagisme, puis évalue la proportion de fumeurs ayant déclaré avoir reçu, lors d'une consultation médicale, des conseils pour arrêter de fumer

Clinician Advice to Quit Smoking among Seniors

Shadel, William G. ; Elliott, Marc N. ; Haas, Ann C. ; Haviland, Amelia M. ; Orr, Nate A. ; Farmer, Melissa M. ; Ma, Sai ; Weech-Maldonado, Robert ; Farley, Donna O. ; Cleary, Paul D.

Objective : Little smoking research in the past 20 years includes persons 50 and older; herein we describe patterns of clinician cessation advice to US seniors, including variation by Medicare beneficiary characteristics Method : In 2012-4, we analyzed 2010 Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) survey data from Medicare beneficiaries over age 64 (n = 346,674). We estimated smoking rates and the proportion of smokers whose clinicians encouraged cessation. Results : 12% [...]

Menée auprès d'une cohorte de 2 582 personnes nées en 1979 et ayant participé à des contrôles bucco-dentaires annuels entre 13 et 15 ans, cette étude met en évidence une corrélation entre une mauvaise santé bucco-dentaire à l'adolescence et le risque de tabagisme à l'âge adulte

Flawed oral health of a non-smoking adolescent suggests smoking in adulthood

Saari, Antti J. ; Kentala, Jukka ; Mattila, Kari J.

Background : Smokers often have oral health problems. We studied whether poor oral health among non-smoking adolescents is connected to smoking behaviour in adulthood. Methods : We used an age cohort born in 1979 (n = 2582) taking part in annual oral health check-ups between the ages of 13 and 15. Self-reported non-smokers were used as the study population. As measures we used decayed, missing or filled teeth/surfaces (DMF) and decayed teeth (D) and smoking behaviour at ages 13–15 and the [...]

Cet article passe en revue les raisons expliquant la prudence des autorités de santé publique vis-à-vis de l'utilisation des cigarettes électroniques

Why public health people are more worried than excited over e-cigarettes

Charlotta Pisinger

The research field on e-cigarettes is characterized by severe methodological problems, severe conflicts of interest, relatively few and often small studies, inconsistencies and contradictions in results, and a lack of long-term follow-up. Therefore, no firm conclusions can be drawn on the harm of e-cigarettes, but they can hardly be called safe. Experimental studies indicate negative health effects and, amongst others, the major ingredient propylene glycol warrants concern. Growing evidence [...]

Menée aux Pays-Bas à partir de données portant sur 9 422 fumeurs ayant participé en 2011 à un programme d'aide au sevrage tabagique et à partir des données d'une assurance maladie, cette étude évalue, du point de vue du rapport coût-efficacité, l'intérêt d'ajouter une pharmacothérapie à une thérapie comportementale

Effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in behavioural therapeutic smoking cessation programmes

Oostveen, Rosan ; van der Galiën, Onno P ; Smeets, Hugo M ; Hollinga, Anne PD ; Bosmans, Judith E

Background : In 2011, pharmacotherapy as a part of smoking cessation treatment was reimbursed through the basic health insurance in the Netherlands. We examine the (cost)-effectiveness of pharmacotherapy added to behavioural therapy. Methods : An observational study was conducted using data from the suppliers of the smoking cessation programmes together with information on costs from health insurance company Achmea. National suppliers, general practitioners and healthcare centres offered four [...]