Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès d'un échantillon de 1 061 fumeurs atteints d'une maladie psychiatrique grave, cette étude analyse l'influence de la proximité et du nombre de débits de tabac sur leurs comportements tabagiques et leur dépendance nicotinique

Tobacco Retailer Proximity and Density and Nicotine Dependence Among Smokers With Serious Mental Illness

Young-Wolff, Kelly C. ; Henriksen, Lisa ; Delucchi, Kevin ; Prochaska, Judith J.

Objectives : We examined the density and proximity of tobacco retailers and associations with smoking behavior and mental health in a diverse sample of 1061 smokers with serious mental illness (SMI) residing in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. Methods : Participants’ addresses were geocoded and linked with retailer licensing data to determine the distance between participants’ residence and the nearest retailer (proximity) and the number of retailers within 500-meter and 1-kilometer [...]

Menée à partir des données portant sur un échantillon représentatif de la population américaine et incluant 2 144 adultes âgés de 18 à 34 ans, cette étude analyse leur utilisation des produits du tabac combustibles ou non combustibles puis identifie les facteurs prédictifs associés

The Next Generation of Users: Prevalence and Longitudinal Patterns of Tobacco Use Among US Young Adults

Richardson, Amanda ; Williams, Valerie ; Rath, Jessica ; Villanti, Andrea C. ; Vallone, Donna

Objectives : We monitored the prevalence and patterns of use of the array of tobacco products available to young adults, who are at risk for initiation and progression to established tobacco use. Methods : We used data from waves 1 to 3 of GfK’s KnowledgePanel (2011–2012), a nationally representative cohort of young adults aged 18 to 34 years (n = 2144). We examined prevalence and patterns of tobacco product use over time, associated demographics, and state-level tobacco policy. We used [...]

Menée auprès de 1 487 fumeurs et anciens fumeurs, cette étude américaine analyse leur utilisation des produits du tabac non combustibles (système électronique de délivrance de nicotine, snus, tabac à chiquer...) ainsi que leurs perceptions des risques associés à ces produits, puis identifie les raisons de cette utilisation

Prevalence, Harm Perceptions, and Reasons for Using Noncombustible Tobacco Products Among Current and Former Smokers

Richardson, Amanda ; Pearson, Jennifer ; Xiao, Haijun ; Stalgaitis, Carolyn ; Vallone, Donna

Objectives : We provided estimates of noncombustible tobacco product (electronic nicotine delivery systems [ENDS]; snus; chewing tobacco, dip, or snuff; and dissolvables) use among current and former smokers and examined harm perceptions of noncombustible tobacco products and reasons for their use. Methods : We assessed awareness of, prevalence of, purchase of, harm perceptions of, and reasons for using noncombustible tobacco products among 1487 current and former smokers from 8 US designated [...]

Menée à partir des données d'une étude incluant 111 fumeurs occasionnels ou quotidiens âgés de 16 à 20 ans, cette étude évalue, en fonction du degré de dépendance à la nicotine mesuré selon trois systèmes de score, leurs motivations pour fumer

Affective Motives for Smoking Among Early Stage Smokers

Mathew, Amanda R. ; Wahlquist, Amy E. ; Garrett-Mayer, Elizabeth ; Gray, Kevin M. ; Saladin, Michael E. ; Carpenter, Matthew J.

Background : As most smokers initiate smoking during adolescence, assessment of smoking motives that underlie trajectories of dependence is critical for both prevention and cessation efforts. In the current study, we expected participants with higher nicotine dependence would smoke (a) less for positive reinforcement (PR) and (b) more for negative reinforcement (NR) motives. We secondarily assessed the relative contribution of PR to NR motives across levels of dependence. Methods : Data were [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur 768 patients atteints d'un cancer de la cavité buccale ou du pharynx et sur 2 078 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre un régime alimentaire de type méditerranéen et le risque de développer la maladie

The role of a Mediterranean diet on the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer

Filomeno, M. ; Bosetti, C. ; Garavello, W. ; Levi, F. ; Galeone, C. ; Negri, E. ; La Vecchia, C.

Background : The Mediterranean diet has a beneficial role on various neoplasms, but data are scanty on oral cavity and pharyngeal (OCP) cancer. Methods : We analysed data from a case-control study carried out between 1997 and 2009 in Italy and Switzerland, including 768 incident, histologically confirmed OCP cancer cases and 2078 hospital controls. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) based on the major characteristics of the Mediterranean [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre 2009 et 2013 (10 études), cette méta-analyse met en évidence une association entre l'utilisation de metformine et une diminution du risque de cancer du poumon chez les patients diabétiques

Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer With Metformin Therapy in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zhang, Zhi-Jiang ; Bi, Yongyi ; Li, Shiyue ; Zhang, Qingjun ; Zhao, Genming ; Guo, Yi ; Song, Qibin

Emerging evidence from epidemiologic studies and basic science suggests an inverse association between metformin use and cancer risk in diabetic patients. However, the association with lung cancer is not consistent. We summarized the evidence currently available (2009–2013) and explored sources of heterogeneity. Metformin therapy was associated with significantly lower risks of cancers of the lung (4 studies; pooled relative risk = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55, 0.95; P = 0.02) and [...]

Mené sur 144 participantes ménopausées (âge moyen : 59,4 ans), cet essai randomisé évalue l'effet de l'aspirine, administrée quotidiennement durant 6 mois, sur le niveau sérique des œstrogènes, hormones associées au cancer du sein

Aspirin and Serum Estrogens in Postmenopausal Women: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Duggan, Catherine ; Wang, Ching-Yun ; Xiao, Liren ; McTiernan, Anne

Epidemiologic studies suggest a reduced risk of breast cancer among women who use aspirin. A plausible mechanism is through aspirin's effect on estrogens, possibly mediated through interference with estrogen synthesis via reduction in inflammation, which is increased in adipose tissues including breast. In a randomized placebo-controlled trial, we evaluated the effects of 6-months administration of 325 mg/day aspirin on serum estrogens (estradiol, estrone, free estradiol, bioavailable [...]

Menée en Italie à partir d'une enquête en ligne auprès de 722 médecins généralistes, cette étude évalue leurs connaissances en matière de sevrage tabagique, puis analyse leurs pratiques pour aider les patients à arrêter de fumer

Are Primary Care Physicians prepared to assist patients for smoking cessation? Results of a national Italian cross-sectional web survey

Nobile, Carmelo G. A. ; Bianco, Aida ; Biafore, Alessio D. ; Manuti, Benedetto ; PileggiMd, Claudia ; Pavia, Maria

Objective : The primary purpose of this study is to explore Primary Care Physicians’ (PCP) knowledge, attitudes and self-reported activities provided to patients for smoking cessation. The secondary purpose is to identify the relationships between physician-related characteristics and knowledge, attitudes and self-reported activities for smoking cessation. Method : A national cross-sectional web survey was conducted in Italy from April through September 2012. Results : 722 PCPs completed the [...]

Cet article résume l'annonce récente de la "Food and Drug Administration" autorisant la suppression d'avertissements et de restrictions dans les notices de traitements substitutifs nicotiniques et passe en revue les études démontrant l'efficacité et l'innocuité de traitements d'aide au sevrage tabagique combinant deux types de traitement substitutif nicotinique

Addressing the Evidence for FDA Nicotine Replacement Therapy Label Changes: A Policy Statement of the Association for the Treatment of Tobacco Use and Dependence and the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

Fucito, Lisa M. ; Bars, Matthew P. ; Forray, Ariadna ; Rojewski, Alana M. ; Shiffman, Saul ; Selby, Peter ; West, Robert ; Foulds, Jonathan ; Toll, Benjamin A. ; Writing Committee for the SRNT Policy ; Treatment Networks

Cigarette smoking creates a substantial public health burden. Identifying new, effective smoking cessation interventions, optimizing existing interventions and promoting effective use of approved medications is a priority. When used as directed, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) aids smoking cessation, but there is opportunity for improving its effectiveness. Until recently, NRT use guidelines advised smokers to begin using NRT on their quit date, only to use 1 NRT formulation at a time, to [...]

Menée à partir des données d'une enquête réalisée entre 2010 et 2011, cette étude américaine évalue la proportion de patients fumeurs ayant déclaré avoir reçu de la part du médecin généraliste ou du dentiste des conseils ou une assistance pour arrêter le tabagisme

A Comparison of Cessation Counseling Received by Current Smokers at US Dentist and Physician Offices During 2010–2011

Agaku, Israel T. ; Ayo-Yusuf, Olalekan A. ; Vardavas, Constantine I.

Objectives : We compared patient-reported receipt of smoking cessation counseling from US dentists and physicians. Methods : We analyzed the 2010 to 2011 Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey to assess receipt of smoking cessation advice and assistance by a current smoker from a dentist or physician in the past 12 months. Results : Current adult smokers were significantly less likely to be advised to quit smoking during a visit to a dentist (31.2%) than to a physician (64.8%). [...]