Menée au Québec, cette étude analyse la proportion de cancers du poumon directement associés au tabagisme

Estimating the Proportion of Cases of Lung Cancer Legally Attributable to Smoking: A Novel Approach for Class Actions Against the Tobacco Industry

Siemiatycki, Jack ; Karp, Igor ; Sylvestre, Marie-Pierre ; Pintos, Javier

Objectives. The plaintiffs? lawyers for a class action suit, which was launched in Quebec on behalf of all patients with lung cancer whose disease was caused by cigarette smoking, asked us to estimate what proportion of lung cancer cases in Quebec, if they hypothetically could be individually evaluated, would satisfy the criterion that it is ?more likely than not? that smoking caused the disease. Methods. The novel methodology we developed is based on the dose?response relationship between [...]

Menée à partir des données de la cohorte "Canadian Study of Diet, Lifestyle and Health" incluant 39 532 participantes, cette étude prospective évalue l'association entre le tabagisme et le risque de cancer du sein

Active cigarette smoking and the risk of breast cancer: a cohort study

Catsburg, Chelsea ; Kirsh, Victoria A. ; Soskolne, Colin L. ; Kreiger, Nancy ; Rohan, Thomas E.

Background : Tobacco use has been implicated in the etiology of a large number of cancers, and there exists substantial biological plausibility that it could also be involved in breast carcinogenesis. Despite this, epidemiological evidence to date is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of active smoking and the risk of incident, invasive breast cancer using a prospective cohort of women from the Canadian Study of Diet, Lifestyle and Health. Methods : Using a [...]

Menée en Chine auprès de 267 400 salariées de l'industrie textile, cette étude de cohorte analyse l'association entre une exposition professionnelle à des endotoxines et le risque de cancer du poumon

Possible pro-carcinogenic association of endotoxin on lung cancer among Shanghai women textile workers

Checkoway, H. ; Lundin, J. I. ; Costello, S. ; Ray, R. ; Li, W. ; Eisen, E. A. ; Astrakianakis, G. ; Seixas, N. ; Applebaum, K. ; Gao, D. L. ; Thomas, D. B.

Background: Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) is a widespread contaminant in many environmental settings. Since the 1970s, there has been generally consistent evidence indicating reduced risks for lung cancer associated with occupational endotoxin exposure. Methods: We updated a case–cohort study nested within a cohort of 267 400 female textile workers in Shanghai, China. We compared exposure histories of 1456 incident lung cancers cases diagnosed during 1989–2006 with those of a reference [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature, cette étude fait le point sur la part attribuable à une infection par Helicobacter pylori dans l'incidence des cancers de l'estomac au niveau mondial

Global burden of gastric cancer attributable to pylori

Plummer, Martyn ; Franceschi, Silvia ; Vignat, Jérôme ; Forman, David ; de Martel, Catherine

We previously estimated that 660,000 cases of cancer in the year 2008 were attributable to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), corresponding to 5.2% of the 12.7 million total cancer cases that occurred worldwide. In recent years, evidence has accumulated that immunoblot (western blot) is more sensitive for detection of anti-H. pylori antibodies than ELISA, the detection method used in our previous analysis. The purpose of this short report is to update the attributable fraction (AF) [...]

Cet article fait le point sur l'association entre le diabète et le risque de cancer, au vu des résultats d'études publiées depuis 2009

Diabetes and cancer: 5 years into the recent controversy

Badrick, Ellena ; Renehan, Andrew G.

Diabetes and cancer are common chronic disorders. The literature has long recognised that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased incident risk of several cancer types, independent of the mutual risk factor, obesity. However, in June 2009, four papers were published simultaneously in Diabetologia, the official journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, raising questions of a link between diabetes therapies, notably the long-acting insulin analogue, glargine, [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 291 cas et 1 221 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre un polymorphisme du récepteur des androgènes et le risque de cancer de la prostate en fonction du statut du gène de fusion TMPRSS2-ERG

Androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism and risk of TMPRSS2:ERG positive prostate cancer

Yoo, Sun ; Pettersson, Andreas ; Jordahl, Kristina M. ; Lis, Rosina T. ; Lindström, Sara ; Meisner, Allison ; Nuttall, Elizabeth J. ; Stack, Edward C. ; Stampfer, Meir J. ; Kraft, Peter ; Brown, Myles ; Loda, Massimo ; Giovannucci, Edward L. ; Kantoff, Philip W. ; Mucci, Lorelei A.

Background: The androgen receptor (AR) is an essential gene in prostate cancer pathogenesis and progression. Genetic variation in AR exists, including a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence that is inversely associated with transcriptional activity. Experimental data suggest that heightened AR activity facilitates formation of TMPRSS2:ERG, a gene fusion present in approximately 50 percent of tumors of prostate cancer patients. Methods: We undertook a nested case-control study to investigate the [...]

A partir des données de la cohorte "Carolina Breast Cancer Study" incluant des participantes âgées de 20 à 74 ans, cette étude cas-témoins évalue l'association entre des mesures anthropométriques tout au long de la vie et le risque de cancer du sein chez les femmes d'origine afro-américaine

Body size across the life course and risk of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer in Black women, the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, 1993–2001

Robinson, WhitneyR ; Tse, ChiuKit ; Olshan, AndrewF ; Troester, MelissaA

Background : It is believed that greater adiposity is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer in premenopausal but increased risk in postmenopausal women. However, few studies have evaluated these relationships among Black women or examined anthropometric measures other than near-diagnosis body mass index (BMI). Purpose : This study investigated associations between measures of body size across the life course and breast cancer risk among Black and White women living in the US South. [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude suggère que des mutations constitutionnelles inactivant l'expression du gène BAP1 prédisposent au développement d'un mésothéliome lié à une exposition à l'amiante

Germline Mutation of Bap1 Accelerates Development of Asbestos-Induced Malignant Mesothelioma

Xu, Jinfei ; Kadariya, Yuwaraj ; Cheung, Mitchell ; Pei, Jianming ; Talarchek, Jacqueline ; Sementino, Eleonora ; Tan, Yinfei ; Menges, Craig W. ; Cai, Kathy Q. ; Litwin, Samuel ; Peng, Hongzhuang ; Karar, Jayashree ; Rauscher, Frank J ; Testa, Joseph R

Malignant mesotheliomas are highly aggressive tumors usually caused by exposure to asbestos. Germline inactivating mutations of BAP1 predispose to mesothelioma and certain other cancers. However, why mesothelioma is the predominate malignancy in some BAP1 families and not others, and whether exposure to asbestos is required for development of mesothelioma in BAP1 mutation carriers, are not known. To address these questions experimentally, we generated a Bap1+/- knockout mouse model to assess [...]

Menée aux Pays-Bas, cette étude de cohorte prospective évalue l'association entre une consommation alimentaire de folates, de vitamines B, de méthionine et le risque de cancer colorectal chez 470 patients atteints d'un syndrome de Lynch et porteurs du polymorphisme C677T du gène MTHFR

Dietary B vitamin and methionine intake and MTHFR C677T genotype on risk of colorectal tumors in Lynch syndrome: the GEOLynch cohort study

Jung, AudreyY ; van Duijnhoven, FränzelJ B. ; Nagengast, FokkoM ; Botma, Akke ; Heine-Bröring, RenateC ; Kleibeuker, JanH ; Vasen, HansF A. ; Harryvan, JanL ; Winkels, RenateM ; Kampman, Ellen

Purpose : Dietary intake of B vitamins and methionine, essential components of DNA synthesis and methylation pathways, may influence colorectal tumor (CRT) development. The impact of B vitamins on colorectal carcinogenesis in individuals with Lynch syndrome (LS) is unknown but is important given their high lifetime risk of developing neoplasms. The role of MTHFR C677T genotype in modifying these relationships in LS individuals is also unclear. We investigated associations between dietary [...]

Menée en Australie à partir des données d'un registre des cancers, cette étude analyse la fiabilité et l'exactitude des données d'incidence des cancers d'origine primitive inconnue

An audit of cancer of unknown primary notifications: A cautionary tale for population health research using cancer registry data

Vajdic, Claire M. ; Er, Chuang Ching ; Schaffer, Andrea ; Dobbins, Timothy ; Wyld, Lucy ; Meagher, Nicola S. ; Barrett, Jane ; Ward, Robyn L. ; Pearson, Sallie-Anne

Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a common cancer yet little is known about the reliability of incidence data. Methods: We audited 574 CUP (C80.9) diagnoses (median age 81 years) registered by the New South Wales (NSW) Central Cancer Registry (2004–2007) in a cohort of Australian Government Department of Veterans’ Affairs clients. The registry did not clarify diagnoses with notifiers during this period due to interpretation of privacy legislation. For the audit, current registry [...]