A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en avril 2013 (24 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de cigarettes et le risque de cancer du rectum ou du côlon

Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies of cigarette smoking and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers

Cheng, Jiemin ; Chen, Yi ; Wang, Xiaolin ; Wang, Jianhua ; Yan, Zhiping ; Gong, Gaoquan ; Li, Guoping ; Li, Changyu

Although the American College of Gastroenterology colorectal cancer screening guidelines highlight cigarette smoking as a risk factor, cigarette smoking is still an arguably underappreciated risk factor for this disease, especially for its subsites: colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC). A literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed up to 30 April 2013 for prospective cohort studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the summary relative risks (SRRs) and [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 28 642 hommes et 41 110 femmes (durée médiane de suivi : 19,4 ans), cette étude japonaise évalue l'association entre le temps quotidien passé à regarder la télévision ou à marcher et le risque de cancer du foie

Associations of daily walking and television viewing time with liver cancer mortality: findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Ukawa, S. ; Tamakoshi, A. ; Wakai, K. ; Kurozawa, Y.

Background and purpose : Several studies have suggested that daily vigorous physical activity reduces the risk of liver cancer, whereas sedentary behavior increases the risk of several cancers. However, the link between liver cancer and low-intensity physical activity (walking) and sedentary behavior is unclear. Therefore, we explored the links between liver cancer mortality and daily walking time/television (TV) viewing time in Japanese adults aged 40–79 years in a large-scale nationwide [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès d'une cohorte de 88 804 femmes âgées de 26 à 45 ans (durée de suivi : 20 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre un régime alimentaire riche en graisses durant la période de préménopause et le risque de cancer du sein (2 830 cas) chez les femmes préménopausées et ménopausées

Premenopausal dietary fat in relation to pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer

Farvid, MaryamS ; Cho, Eunyoung ; Chen, WendyY ; Eliassen, A. Heather ; Willett, WalterC

We examined the association between fat intake and breast cancer incidence in the Nurses’ Health Study II. We followed 88,804 women aged 26–45 years from 1991 to 2011 and documented incident breast cancers. Dietary fat, assessed by questionnaires in 1991, was examined in relation to total, premenopausal, and postmenopausal breast cancers. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). During 20 years of [...]

Menée à partir des données de l'étude de cohorte EPIC portant sur 476 940 participants, cette étude identifie les facteurs de risque associés aux cancers dont le site primitif est inconnu (651 cas)

Risk factors for cancers of unknown primary site: Results from the prospective EPIC cohort

Kaaks, Rudolf ; Sookthai, Disorn ; Hemminki, Kari ; Krämer, Alwin ; Boeing, Heiner ; Wirfalt, Elisabet ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Overvad, Kim ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Olsen, Anja ; Peeters, Petra H. ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas ; Panico, Salvatore ; Pala, Valeria ; Vineis, Paolo ; Quirós, J. Ramón ; Ardanaz, Eva ; Sánchez, María-José ; Chirlaque, María-Dolores ; Larranaga, Nerea ; Brennan, Paul ; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Lagiou, Pagona ; Hallmans, Göran ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; Key, Timothy J. ; Riboli, Elio ; Canzian, Federico

Cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) may be called an “orphan” disease, as it is diagnosed when metastases are detected while the primary tumor typically remains undetected, and because little research has been done on its primary causes. So far, few epidemiological studies, if any, have addressed possible risk factors for CUP. We analyzed data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort (N = 476,940). During prospective follow-up, a total of 651 cases of [...]

Menée sur 1 314 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate et sur 1 314 témoins, cette étude prospective évalue l'association entre les concentrations plasmatiques du peptide C ou de la leptine, deux biomarqueurs de l'hyperinsulinémie, et le risque de développer la maladie

Association of C-peptide and leptin with prostate cancer incidence in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study

Lai, GabrielY ; Giovannucci, EdwardL ; Pollak, MichaelN ; Peskoe, SarahB ; Stampfer, MeirJ ; Willett, WalterC ; Platz, ElizabethA

Purpose : Hyperinsulinemia is hypothesized to influence prostate cancer risk. Thus, we evaluated the association of circulating C-peptide, which is a marker of insulin secretion, and leptin, which is secreted in response to insulin and influences insulin sensitivity, with prostate cancer risk. Methods : We identified prostate cancer cases (n = 1,314) diagnosed a mean of 5.4 years after blood draw and matched controls (n = 1,314) in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Plasma C-peptide and [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en octobre 2013 (31 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre trois polymorphismes du gène de la cyclo-oxygénase 2 et le risque de cancer colorectal (18 702 cas et 26 631 témoins)

Meta-Analysis of the Association between COX-2 Polymorphisms and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Based on Case-Control Studies

Peng, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Lao, X. ; Tang, W. ; Chen, Z. ; Lai, H. ; Wang, J. ; Sui, J. ; Qin, X. ; Li, S.

Objective : Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme converting arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and playing important roles in inflammatory diseases as well as tumor development. Previous studies investigating the association between COX-2 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk reported conflicting results. We performed a meta-analysis of all available studies to explore this association. Methods : All studies published up to October 2013 on the association between COX-2 [...]

Menée sur 1 328 patients ayant subi une coloscopie, cette étude japonaise met en évidence une association entre la quantité de tissu adipeux viscéral de l'abdomen, mesurée par tomographie numérique, et un risque accru d'adénome colorectal (471 cas)

Visceral abdominal fat measured by computed tomography is associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma

Nagata, Naoyoshi ; Sakamoto, Kayo ; Arai, Tomohiro ; Niikura, Ryota ; Shimbo, Takuro ; Shinozaki, Masafumi ; Aoki, Tomonori ; Kishida, Yoshihiro ; Sekine, Katsunori ; Tanaka, Shohei ; Okubo, Hidetaka ; Watanabe, Kazuhiro ; Sakurai, Toshiyuki ; Yokoi, Chizu ; Akiyama, Junichi ; Yanase, Mikio ; Noda, Mitsuhiko ; Itoh, Toshiyuki ; Mizokami, Masashi ; Uemura, Naomi

We investigated whether visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured by computed tomography (CT) is a risk factor for colorectal adenoma. For a total of 1,328 patients (857 without adenoma, 471 with colorectal adenoma) undergoing colonoscopy and CT, associations between colorectal adenoma and body mass index (BMI), VAT area and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were assessed using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age, sex, family history, smoking, alcohol intake, [...]

Menée dans une région de la Pologne auprès de 420 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein et auprès de 435 témoins, cette étude analyse l'association entre la présence de mutations du gène CHEK2 de la lignée germinale et le risque de développer la maladie

A risk of breast cancer in women - carriers of constitutional CHEK2 gene mutations, originating from the North - Central Poland

Bk, Aneta ; Janiszewska, Hanna ; Junkiert-Czarnecka, Anna ; Heise, Marta ; Pilarska-Deltow, Maria ; Laskowski, Ryszard ; Pasiska, Magdalena ; Haus, Olga

Background : Germline mutations of the CHEK2 gene have been reported to be associated with breast cancer. In this study, we analyzed the association of CHEK2 mutations with the risk of development of breast cancer in women of North-Central Poland. Methods : 420 women with breast cancer and 435 controls were tested for three protein truncating (IVS2?+?1G?>?A, 1100delC, del5395) and one missense (I157T) CHEK2 mutation. IVS2?+?1G?>?A and I157T mutations were identified by RFLP-PCR, 1100delC [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en décembre 2013 (22 études prospectives), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'indice de masse corporelle et le risque de maladie des voies biliaires dont le cancer

Body mass index and biliary tract disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Park, Myungsook ; Song, Da Young ; Je, Youjin ; Lee, Jung Eun

Objective : To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and incidence of biliary tract disease. Methods : We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of prospective studies by searching the database of PubMed and EMBASE published up to December 31, 2013. Outcome of interest was disease of biliary tract system (gallbladder, extrahepatic bile duct and Ampullar of Vater). We used a random-effects model to combine the study-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95% [...]