Menée en France auprès de 28 156 fumeurs adultes ayant participé à des séances d'aide au sevrage tabagique entre 2007 et 2010, cette étude évalue les taux de participants ayant arrêté de fumer progressivement ou brusquement, puis identifie les facteurs prédictifs associés à un sevrage tabagique progressif

Gradual versus abrupt quitting among French treatment-seeking smokers

Baha, Monique ; Le Faou, Anne-Laurence

Objective : This study examined the prevalence and predictors of gradual quitting among treatment-seeking smokers. Method : This study examined quit attempts among 28,156 adult smokers who attended French smoking cessation services nationwide between 2007 and 2010. Predictors of gradual quitting were determined using multivariate regression models. Results : Only 4.4% quit gradually whereas 48.7% quit abruptly and 46.9% continued smoking. 34.1% of abrupt quitters and 31.9% of gradual quitters [...]

Menée sur des lignées de cellules cancéreuses résistantes ou sensibles aux agents anticancéreux, cette étude montre que des extraits de feuille de luzerne (Medicago sativa), constitués de dérivés terpéniques et de flavonoïdes, peuvent inhiber la croissance tumorale via l'induction de l'apoptose et avoir un effet cytotoxique

Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Leaf Extracts in Sensitive and Multidrug-Resistant Tumor Cells

Gatouillat, Grégory ; Alabdul Magid, Abdulmagid ; Bertin, Eric ; Okiemy-Akeli, Marie-Genevieve ; Morjani, Hamid ; Lavaud, Catherine ; Madoulet, Claudie

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has been used to cure a wide variety of ailments. However, only a few studies have reported its anticancer effects. In this study, extracts were obtained from alfalfa leaves and their cytotoxic effects were assessed on several sensitive and multidrug-resistant tumor cells lines. Using the mouse leukaemia P388 cell line and its doxorubicin-resistant counterpart (P388/DOX), we showed that the inhibition of cell growth induced by alfalfa leaf extracts was mediated through [...]

Menée auprès de 129 013 femmes de la cohorte "Women's Health Initiative" (âge : 50 à 79 ans ; durée de suivi : 9,7 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens et le risque de cancer par localisation (12 998 cas)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cancer risk in women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative

Brasky, Theodore M. ; Liu, Jingmin ; White, Emily ; Peters, Ulrike ; Potter, John D. ; Walter, Roland B. ; Baik, Christina S. ; Lane, Dorothy S. ; Manson, JoAnn E. ; Vitolins, Mara Z. ; Allison, Matthew A. ; Tang, Jean Y. ; Wactawski-Wende, Jean

The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been associated with reduced risks of cancers at several sites in some studies; however, we recently reported no association between their use and total cancer risk in women in a prospective study. Here we examine the association between NSAIDs and total and site-specific cancer incidence in the large, prospective Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Women (129,013) were recruited to participate in the WHI at 40 US clinical centers from [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juillet 2013 (9 études, 5 446 participants), cette méta-analyse met en évidence une association entre l'utilisation d'inhibiteurs des cyclo-oxygénases et une réduction du risque d'adénocarcinome de l'œsophage chez les patients présentant un endobrachyœsophage

Cyclooxygenase inhibitors use is associated with reduced risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus: a meta-analysis

Zhang, S. ; Zhang, X. Q. ; Ding, X. W. ; Yang, R. K. ; Huang, S. L. ; Kastelein, F. ; Bruno, M. ; Yu, X. J. ; Zhou, D. ; Zou, X. P.

Background : Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has high mortality and is increasing in incidence. Barrett’s esophagus (BE) increases the risk for EAC. Studies have reported inconsistent findings on the association between use of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors and the risk of neoplastic progression in BE patients. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate this association. Methods : A meta-analysis was undertaken among a total of 9 observational studies using fixed- and [...]

Cette étude passe en revue les politiques vis-à-vis du tabagisme de 34 aéroports internationaux, compare ces politiques aux règlementations locales, puis identifie les points à améliorer pour renforcer les politiques antitabac dans les aéroports

A review of smoking policies in airports around the world

Stillman, Frances A ; Soong, Andrea ; Kleb, Cerise ; Grant, Ashley ; Navas-Acien, Ana

Objective : To review smoking policies of major international airports, to compare these policies with corresponding incountry tobacco control legislation and to identify areas of improvement for advancing smoke-free policy in airports. Methods : We reviewed smoking policies of 34 major international airports in five world regions, and collected data on current national and subnational legislation on smoke-free indoor places in the corresponding airport locations. We then compared airport [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête par courrier auprès d'un échantillon de 1074 adultes, cette étude américaine évalue, en fonction de leur statut tabagique, leurs perceptions vis-à-vis d'une règlementation interdisant la présence de menthol ou réduisant la quantité de nicotine dans les cigarettes

Public opinion about FDA regulation of menthol and nicotine

Bolcic-Jankovic, Dragana ; Biener, Lois

Objective : Regulations that reduce nicotine and eliminate menthol in cigarettes have been proposed to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as product alterations that could reduce smoking prevalence in the USA. This study sought to assess the public response to either action. Methods : A mail survey of a representative sample of 1074 adults was conducted in two major metropolitan areas to determine the level of support for immediate, gradual or no reduction of menthol and nicotine in [...]

Cet article passe en revue les stratégies de prévention primaire du cancer du sein, analyse les raisons d'une sous-utilisation de la chimioprévention chez les femmes à haut risque ainsi que la façon dont les recherches sur la prévention doivent prendre en compte l'hétérogénéité moléculaire de la maladie

Priorities for the primary prevention of breast cancer

Colditz, Graham A. ; Bohlke, Kari

Despite recent calls to intensify the search for new risk factors for breast cancer, acting on information that we already have could prevent thousands of cases each year. This article reviews breast cancer primary prevention strategies that are applicable to all women, discusses the underutilization of chemoprevention in high-risk women, highlights the additional advances that could be made by including young women in prevention efforts, and comments on how the molecular heterogeneity of [...]