Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir des données de deux enquêtes réalisées en 2009, cette étude évalue, par rapport à la population générale ( 27 731 adultes), la prévalence du tabagisme chez les patients soignés dans un dispensaire (3 949 cas) ainsi que la proportion d'entre eux souhaitant arrêter de fumer et ayant eu recours à une consultation de tabacologie

Cigarette Smoking, Desire to Quit, and Tobacco-Related Counseling Among Patients at Adult Health Centers

Lebrun-Harris, Lydie A. ; Fiore, Michael C. ; Tomoyasu, Naomi ; Ngo-Metzger, Quyen

Objectives : We determined cigarette smoking prevalence, desire to quit, and tobacco-related counseling among a national sample of patients at health centers. Methods : Data came from the 2009 Health Center Patient Survey and the 2009 National Health Interview Survey. The analytic sample included 3 949 adult patients at health centers and 27731 US adults. Results : Thirty-one percent of health center patients were current smokers, compared with 21% of US adults in general. Among currently [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (23 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'activité physique et le risque de cancer hématologique (leucémie, lymphome ou myélome multiple)

Physical activity in relation to risk of hematologic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jochem, Carmen ; Leitzmann, Michael F ; Keimling, Marlen ; Schmid, Daniela ; Behrens, Gundula

Background : Despite the existence of numerous biologic pathways potentially linking increased physical activity to decreased risk of hematologic cancers, the associations between physical activity and subtype-specific hematologic cancers have not been comprehensively quantified. Methods : We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity in relation to subtype-specific hematologic cancers. We summarized the data from 23 eligible studies (15 cohort and 8 case-control [...]

Menée à partir des données de 4 études japonaises incluant au total 191 232 participants (durée de suivi : 2 094 428 personnes-années), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de légumes ou de fruits et le risque de cancer de l'estomac

Association of vegetable and fruit intake with gastric cancer risk among Japanese: A pooled analysis of four cohort studies

Shimazu, T. ; Wakai, K. ; Tamakoshi, A. ; Tsuji, I. ; Tanaka, K. ; Matsuo, K. ; Nagata, C. ; Mizoue, T. ; Inoue, M. ; Tsugane, S. ; Sasazuki, S. ; for the Research Group for the Development ; Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan

Background : Prospective evidence is inconsistent regarding the association between vegetable/fruit intake and the risk of gastric cancer. Methods : In an analysis of original data from 4 population-based prospective cohort studies encompassing 191,232 participants, we used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gastric cancer incidence according to vegetable and fruit intake and conducted a meta-analysis of HRs derived from [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature (41 études prospectives, 3 027 702 participants, 49 103 cas de cancer), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la quantité de thé consommée et le risque de cancer du sein, de la prostate, de l'estomac, du foie ou du côlon-rectum

Tea consumption and the risk of five major cancers: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Yu, Feifei ; Jin, Zhichao ; Jiang, Hong ; Xiang, Chun ; Tang, Jianyuan ; Li, Tuo ; He, Jia

Background : We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies to summarize evidence of the association between tea consumption and the risk of breast, colorectal, liver, prostate, and stomach cancer. Methods : We searched PubMed and two other databases. Prospective studies that reported risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cancer risk for >=3 categories of tea consumption were included. We estimated an overall RR with 95% CI for an increase of three cups/day [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en janvier 2014 (21 études de cohorte incluant au total 1 368 736 participants ; 12 études cas-témoins incluant au total 62 725 personnes), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'adhésion à un régime alimentaire de type méditerranéen et le risque de cancer par localisation

Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Schwingshackl, Lukas ; Hoffmann, Georg

The aim of this research study was to meta-analyze the effects of adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) on overall cancer risk, and different cancer types. Literature search was performed using the electronic databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS and EMBASE until January 10, 2014. Inclusion criteria were cohort or case–control studies. Study specific risk ratios (RRs) were pooled using a random effect model by the Cochrane software package Review Manager 5.2. Twenty-one cohort studies including 1,368,736 [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin de polypose intestinale, cette étude montre qu'une alimentation riche en huile d'olive et en acides gras oméga-3 inhibe la prolifération et la croissance des polypes en agissant sur les processus impliqués dans l'apoptose

Olive oil and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress intestinal polyp growth by modulating the apoptotic process in apcmin/+ mic

Barone, Michele ; Notarnicola, Maria ; Caruso, Maria Gabriella ; Scavo, Maria Principia ; Viggiani, Maria Teresa ; Tutino, Valeria ; Polimeno, Lorenzo ; Pesetti, Barbara ; Di Leo, Alfredo ; Francavilla, Antonio

The promotion and progression of carcinogenesis are susceptible to nutritional interventions aimed at counteracting cancer development. Lipid metabolism is essential in the onset and progression of tumours as well as for cancer cell survival. In the present study we tested the effects of diets enriched with natural compounds, such as olive oil and salmon oil, in mice that spontaneously develop intestinal polyps (ApcMin/+ mice). For this purpose we evaluated polyp number and volume, intestinal [...]

Cet article présente les principaux problèmes associés à l'utilisation, en chimioprévention des cancers, d'agents d'origine alimentaire, de leurs analogues synthétiques ou de substances médicamenteuses ciblant des voies métaboliques ou hormonales

The Failure of Cancer Chemoprevention

Potter, John D

Chemoprevention is proposed as a clinical analogue of population prevention, aimed at reducing likelihood of disease progression, not across the population, but in identified high-risk individuals and not by behavioral or lifestyle modification, but by the use of pharmaceutical agents. Cardiovascular chemoprevention is successful via control of hyperlipidemias and hypertension. However, chemoprevention of cancer is an almost universal failure: not only are some results null; even more [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre que la génistéine, une isoflavone, peut protéger les cellules souches hématopoïétiques contre les dommages causés à l'ADN par le facteur G-CSF utilisé dans le traitement des neutropénies

Genistein Protects Hematopoietic Stem Cells against G-CSF-Induced DNA Damage

Souza, Liliana ; Silva, Erica ; Calloway, Elissa ; Kucuk, Omer ; Rossi, Michael ; McLemore, Morgan

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been utilized to treat neutropenia in various clinical settings. Although clearly beneficial, there are concerns that the chronic use of G-CSF in certain conditions increases the risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and/or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The most striking example is in severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). SCN patients develop MDS/AML at a high rate that is directly correlated to the cumulative lifetime dosage of G-CSF. MDS and [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur 33 femmes enceintes incluses dans un essai évaluant un traitement substitutif nicotinique par patch (15mg/16h), cette étude évalue, en comparant les niveaux de cotinine salivaire avant et un mois après le début du traitement, l'efficacité du patch pour délivrer la dose de nicotine nécessaire au sevrage tabagique

Comparison of Cotinine Levels in Pregnant Women Whilst Smoking and When Using Nicotine Replacement Therapy

Bowker, Katharine A. ; Lewis, Sarah ; Coleman, Tim ; Vaz, Luis R. ; Cooper, Sue

Background : Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) helps smokers quit smoking, but trials indicate that there is no evidence that it is effective in pregnancy. As metabolism increases during pregnancy, NRT may deliver insufficient nicotine to alleviate withdrawal symptoms. There is mixed evidence as to what levels of cotinine are reached from nicotine exposure in pregnancy while using NRT, compared with smoking. Methods : We analyzed data on 33 pregnant participants from the NRT arm of a [...]

Mené en France auprès de 402 femmes enceintes fumant au moins 5 cigarettes par jour (âge : supérieur à 18 ans ; 12 à 20 semaines de grossesse), cet essai multicentrique évalue, du point de vue du taux d'abstinence tabagique complète confirmée par la mesure du niveau de monoxyde de carbone dans l'air expiré, l'efficacité d'un patch nicotinique (10 à 30mg /16h)

Nicotine patches in pregnant smokers: randomised, placebo controlled, multicentre trial of efficacy

Ivan Berlin ; Gilles Grangé ; Nelly Jacob ; Marie-Laure Tanguy

Objective : To determine the efficacy of 16 hour nicotine patches among pregnant smokers, with the dose individually adjusted according to saliva cotinine levels (potential range 10-30 mg/day). Design : Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group, multicentre trial (Study of Nicotine Patch in Pregnancy, SNIPP) between October 2007 and January 2013. Setting : 23 maternity wards in France. Participants : 476 pregnant smokers aged more than 18 years and between 12 and 20 weeks’ [...]