Menée en Australie sur 1 191 adultes de type caucasien, cette étude prospective évalue l'association entre les niveaux plasmatiques des acides gras oméga-3 et oméga-6 et le risque de carcinome basocellulaire et de carcinome épidermoïde de la peau

Plasma omega-3 and omega-6 concentrations and risk of cutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinomas in Australian adults

Wallingford, Sarah C. ; Hughes, Maria C. ; Green, Adèle C. ; van der Pols, Jolieke C.

Laboratory-based evidence suggests that omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids may affect skin photocarcinogenesis but epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. In 1,191 white Australian adults, we prospectively investigated associations between baseline plasma concentrations of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and cutaneous basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated based on number of [...]

Menée sur des cellules de cancer du poumon, cette étude montre que la curcumine, un pigment polyphénolique issu du curcuma (Curcuma longa), peut inhiber la progression tumorale et le processus métastatique via l'induction de FOXO1

Curcumin inhibits lung cancer progression and metastasis through induction of FOXO1

Li, Z. C. ; Zhang, L. M. ; Wang, H. B. ; Ma, J. X. ; Sun, J. Z.

Recent population studies provide clues that the use of curcumin may be associated with reduced incidence and improved prognosis of certain cancers. In the present study, we demonstrated that curcumin acted as a growth inhibitor for lung cancer cells. Our results found that curcumin inhibited cell proliferation, which was associated with upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p27 and p21, and downregulation of cyclin D1. In addition, we showed that curcumin induced the [...]

Cet article présente les résultats de deux essais cliniques randomisés comparant l'efficacité de l'aspirine et de l'amidon résistant pour réduire le nombre de polypes chez 200 adolescents présentant une polypose adénomateuse familiale ou réduire le risque de néoplasie colorectale chez 937 patients atteints du syndrome de Lynch

Chemoprevention in Lynch syndrome

Burn, John ; Mathers, JohnC ; Bishop, D. Tim

CAPP1 tested aspirin 600 mg/day and/or resistant starch 30 g/day in 200 adolescent FAP carriers. Aspirin treatment resulted in a non-significant reduction in polyp number and a significant reduction in polyp size among patients treated with aspirin for more than 1 year. CAPP2 RCT used the same interventions in 937 Lynch syndrome patients, the first RCT to have cancer prevention as the primary endpoint. Aspirin did not reduce the risk of colorectal neoplasia in a mean treatment period of 29 [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide de xénogreffes sur des modèles murins, cette étude montre que l'administration orale du naftopidil inhibe la croissance d'un carcinome humain à cellules rénales en induisant l'arrêt du cycle cellulaire en phase G1 dans les cellules vasculaires endothéliales et les cellules tumorales

Oral naftopidil suppresses human renal cell carcinoma by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest in tumor and vascular endothelial cells

Iwamoto, Yoichi ; Ishii, Kenichiro ; Sasaki, Takeshi ; Kato, Manabu ; Kanda, Hideki ; Yamada, Yasushi ; Arima, Kiminobu ; Shiraishi, Taizo ; Sugimura, Yoshiki

Renal-cell cancer (RCC) is an angiogenesis-dependent and hypoxia-driven malignancy. As a result, several targeting-agents are being investigated. However, the efficacy of current regimens is generally insufficient for their toxicity and poor overall response rates. We have recently reported that naftopidil exerts growth-inhibitory effects on human prostate cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the biochemical mechanisms by which naftopidil produces growth-inhibitory and anti-angiogenic [...]

Menée in vitro, cette étude montre que les acides gras polyinsaturés oméga 3 peuvent inhiber de manière sélective la croissance des kératinocytes néoplasiques de la cavité buccale par activation différentielle des protéines kinases ERK1/2

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids selectively inhibit growth in neoplastic oral keratinocytes by differentially activating ERK1/2

Nikolakopoulou, Zacharoula ; Nteliopoulos, Georgios ; Michael-Titus, Adina Teodora ; Parkinson, Eric Kenneth

The long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its metabolite docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), inhibit cancer formation in vivo but their mechanism of action is unclear. ERK1/2 activation and inhibition have both been associated with the induction of tumor cell apoptosis by n-3 PUFAs. We show here that low doses of EPA, in particular, inhibited the growth of pre-malignant and malignant keratinocytes more than their normal counterparts by a combination [...]

A partir d'une enquête auprès de 1 074 adultes fumeurs, cette étude américaine évalue les effets d'une augmentation de la valeur entière du prix des cigarettes sur le degré de motivation pour arrêter le tabagisme

Left-digit price effects on smoking cessation motivation

MacKillop, James ; Amlung, Michael T ; Blackburn, Ashley ; Murphy, James G ; Carrigan, Maureen ; Carpenter, Matthew J ; Chaloupka, Frank

Background : Cigarette price increases have been associated with increases in smoking cessation, but relatively little is known about this relationship at the level of individual smokers. To address this and to inform tax policy, the goal of this study was to apply a behavioural economic approach to the relationship between the price of cigarettes and the probability of attempting smoking cessation. Methods : Adult daily smokers (n=1074; ie, 5+ cigarettes/day; 18+ years old; ≥8th grade [...]

Cet article fait le point sur les avancées en matière de lutte contre le tabagisme aux Etats-Unis durant cette dernière décennie et présente une mise à jour des recommandations de l'ASCO en ce domaine

Tobacco Cessation and Control a Decade Later : American Society of Clinical Oncology Policy Statement Update

Hanna, Nasser ; Mulshine, James ; Wollins, Dana S. ; Tyne, Courtney ; Dresler, Carolyn

Tobacco use constitutes the largest preventable cause of death and disability in developed countries and a rapidly growing health problem in developing nations. It is responsible for 30% of all cancer deaths and 80% of lung cancer deaths and is associated with increased risk for at least 17 types of cancer. In addition to the tremendous human toll tobacco has taken in the 20th and 21st centuries, the economic costs of tobacco-related illnesses remain enormous. From 2000 to 2004, the United [...]