Menée à partir des données de 15 études prospectives incluant au total 4 527 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate et 6 021 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre le taux de sélénium, mesuré dans le sang ou dans les ongles des orteils, et le risque de développer la maladie

Selenium and Prostate Cancer: Analysis of Individual Participant Data From Fifteen Prospective Studies

Allen, Naomi E. ; Travis, Ruth C. ; Appleby, Paul N. ; Albanes, Demetrius ; Barnett, Matt J. ; Black, Amanda ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas ; Deschasaux, Mélanie ; Galan, Pilar ; Goodman, Gary E. ; Goodman, Phyllis J. ; Gunter, Marc J. ; Heliövaara, Markku ; Helzlsouer, Kathy J. ; Henderson, Brian E. ; Hercberg, Serge ; Knekt, Paul ; Kolonel, Laurence N. ; Lasheras, Christina ; Linseisen, Jakob ; Metter, E. Jeffrey ; Neuhouser, Marian L. ; Olsen, Anja ; Pala, Valeria ; Platz, Elizabeth A. ; Rissanen, Harri ; Reid, Mary E. ; Schenk, Jeannette M. ; Stampfer, Meir J. ; Stattin, Pär ; Tangen, Catherine M. ; Touvier, Mathilde ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; van den Brandt, Piet A. ; Key, Timothy J. ; on behalf of the Endogenous Hormones, Nutritional Biomarkers ; Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group

Background : Some observational studies suggest that a higher selenium status is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer but have been generally too small to provide precise estimates of associations, particularly by disease stage and grade. Methods : Collaborating investigators from 15 prospective studies provided individual-participant records (from predominantly men of white European ancestry) on blood or toenail selenium concentrations and prostate cancer risk. Odds ratios of [...]

Menée à partir d'échantillons plasmatiques prélevés sur 613 patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal et sur 1 190 témoins (durée médiane de suivi : 8,2 ans), cette étude suédoise analyse la relation entre la concentration de cinq substances impliquées dans le métabolisme monocarboné (choline, bétaïne, diméthylglycine, sarcosine et méthionine) et le risque de cancer colorectal

Components of One-carbon Metabolism other than Folate and Colorectal Cancer Risk

Myte, Robin ; Gylling, Björn ; Schneede, Jörn ; Ueland, Per Magne ; Häggström, Jenny ; Hultdin, Johan ; Hallmans, Göran ; Johansson, Ingegerd ; Palmqvist, Richard ; Van Guelpen, Bethany

Background : Despite extensive study, the role of folate in colorectal cancer remains unclear. Research has therefore begun to address the role of other elements of the folate-methionine metabolic cycles. This study investigated factors other than folate involved in one-carbon metabolism, i.e. choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, sarcosine, and methionine and relevant polymorphisms, in relation to the risk of colorectal cancer in a population with low intakes and circulating levels of folate. [...]

A partir de données portant sur 2 877 patients atteints d'un cancer du foie et 142 850 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de statines et le risque de développer la maladie

Statins and Reduced Risk of Liver Cancer : Evidence for Confounding

Friedman, Gary D. ; Achacoso, Ninah ; Fireman, Bruce ; Habel, Laurel A.

A negative association of statin use with liver cancer risk has been reported frequently. We added laboratory measurements, to our knowledge not included in previous investigations, to a case-control analysis of 2877 case patients and 142 850 matched control subjects enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Addressing confounding by indication by restricting subjects to those with elevated cholesterol greatly attenuated the negative association; eg, the multivariable-adjusted odds [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant le rôle potentiel de certains composés naturels, ciblant notamment les voies de signalisation, de synthèse ou de dégradation du récepteur aux androgènes, dans la chimioprévention et le traitement d'un cancer de la prostate résistant à la castration

Bioactive natural products for chemoprevention and treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer

Kallifatidis, Georgios ; Hoy, James ; Lokeshwar, Bal L.

Prostate cancer (PCa), a hormonally-driven cancer, ranks first in incidence and second in cancer related mortality in men in most Western industrialized countries. Androgen and androgen receptor (AR) are the dominant modulators of PCa growth. Over the last two decades multiple advancements in screening, treatment, surveillance and palliative care of PCa have significantly increased quality of life and survival following diagnosis. However, over 20% of patients initially diagnosed with PCa still [...]

Menée au Canada auprès de 10 204 participantes nées entre 1994 et 1997, cette étude évalue, du point de vue de la réduction du taux de lésions cervicales et en fonction du nombre de doses vaccinales reçues, l'efficacité d'un programme de vaccination scolaire mis en place en 2008 et ciblant quatre types de papillomavirus humain

Effect of human papillomavirus vaccination on cervical cancer screening in Alberta

Kim, Jong ; Bell, Christopher ; Sun, Maggie ; Kliewer, Gordon ; Xu, Linan ; McInerney, Maria ; Svenson, Lawrence W. ; Yang, Huiming

Background : A school-based program with quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was implemented in Alberta in 2008. We assessed the impact of this program on Pap test cytology results using databases of province-wide vaccination and cervical cancer screening. Methods : We conducted a nested case-control study involving a cohort of women in Alberta born between 1994 and 1997 who had at least 1 Pap test between 2012 and 2015. Women with negative cytology results were controls. Women [...]

Menée en Nouvelle-Zélande à partir des données d'enquêtes réalisées en 2007 et sur la période 2011-2014 auprès de plus de 25 000 lycéens (âge : 14-15 ans), cette étude évalue l'effet, sur l'initiation et les comportements tabagiques des jeunes, de mesures interdisant la publicité pour le tabac dans les points de vente et renforçant les sanctions contre la vente aux mineurs de produits tabagiques

Impact of removing point-of-sale tobacco displays: data from a New Zealand youth survey

Edwards, Richard ; Ajmal, Ali ; Healey, Benjamin ; Hoek, Janet

Introduction : The tobacco industry increasingly invests in point-of-sale (POS) marketing. In July 2012, New Zealand required the removal of POS tobacco displays concurrently with increased enforcement and penalties for selling tobacco to minors, and additional restrictions on tobacco sponsorship. We evaluated the impact of these measures using a before–after study. Methods : We analysed data from annual surveys of more than 25 000 year 10 (14–15 years) students from 2007 and 2011 to 2014. [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre 1950 et 2015 (53 études précliniques in vivo), cet article analyse les effets des exercices physiques aérobiques sur la carcinogenèse et le développement de métastases, identifie les mécanismes biologiques associés, évalue la qualité des études réalisées et propose un cadre méthodologique pour conduire ce type d'études

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Aerobic Exercise on Cancer Initiation, Progression, and Metastasis: A Critical Systematic Review of In Vivo Preclinical Data

Ashcraft, Kathleen A. ; Peace, Ralph M. ; Betof, Allison S. ; Dewhirst, Mark W. ; Jones, Lee W.

A major objective of the emerging field of exercise–oncology research is to determine the efficacy of, and biological mechanisms by which, aerobic exercise affects cancer incidence, progression, and/or metastasis. There is a strong inverse association between self-reported exercise and the primary incidence of several forms of cancer; similarly, emerging data suggest that exercise exposure after a cancer diagnosis may improve outcomes for early-stage breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études récentes concernant le rôle du microbiote intestinal dans le développement, la prévention et le traitement d'un cancer colorectal

Sporadic colorectal cancer : microbial contributors to disease prevention, development and therapy

Drewes, Julia L. ; Housseau, Franck ; Sears, Cynthia L.

The gut microbiota has been hailed as an accessory organ, with functions critical to the host including dietary metabolic activities and assistance in the development of a proper functioning immune system. However, an aberrant microbiota (dysbiosis) may influence disease processes such as colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the contributions of the microbiota to prevention, initiation/progression, and treatment of colorectal cancer, with a major [...]

Cet article propose une nouvelle approche prophylactique consistant, chez les femmes ménopausées âgées présentant un risque élevé de développer un cancer du sein, à réduire la production excessive d'estrogènes en inhibant la synthèse ovarienne des androgènes précurseurs des estrogènes

A novel approach to breast cancer prevention: reducing excessive ovarian androgen production in elderly women

Secreto, Giorgio ; Sieri, Sabina ; Agnoli, Claudia ; Grioni, Sara ; Muti, Paola ; Zumoff, Barnett ; Sant, Milena ; Meneghini, Elisabetta ; Krogh, Vittorio

Minimizing endogenous estrogen production and activity in women at high risk for breast cancer is a prominent approach to prevention of the disease. A number of clinical trials have shown that the administration of selective-estrogen receptor modulators or aromatase inhibitors significantly reduces the incidence of breast cancer in healthy women. Unfortunately, these drugs often produce adverse effects on the quality of life and are, therefore, poorly accepted by many women, even those who are [...]