A partir des données d'un registre japonais portant sur 436 patients atteints d'un cancer du poumon non à petites cellules de stade IIIA-cN2/pN2 et traités par chirurgie en 2004 (332 hommes, 104 femmes ; âge moyen : 65 ans), cette étude évalue la survie à 5 ans

Surgical Outcome of Stage IIIA- cN2/pN2 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients in Japanese Lung Cancer Registry Study in 2004

Yoshino, Ichiro ; Yoshida, Shigetoshi ; Miyaoka, Etsuo ; Asamura, Hisao ; Nomori, Hiroaki ; Fujii, Yoshitaka ; Nakanishi, Yoichi ; Eguchi, Kenji ; Mori, Masaki ; Sawabata, Noriyoshi ; Okumura, Meinoshin ; Yokoi, Kohei ; for the Japanese Joint Committee of Lung Cancer Registration

Background: The role of surgery in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC ) with clinically manifested mediastinal node metastasis is controversial even in resectable cases because it is often accompanied by systemic micrometastasis. However, surgery is occasionally indicated for cases with single-station N2 disease or within multimodal treatment regimens, and in clinical trials. The aim of this study is to evaluate surgical outcomes in a modern cohort of patients with clinical (c-) [...]

A partir des données d'un registre canadien du cancer, cette étude compare les résultats cliniques d'une prostatectomie radicale et d'une radiothérapie chez les patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate non métastatique et présentant un niveau très élevé de l'antigène prostatique spécifique (8 378 cas ; durée médiane de suivi : 67, 2 mois)

Treatment Outcomes in Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients With Ultra-High Prostate-Specific Antigen

Tai, Patricia ; Tonita, Jon ; Woitas, Carla ; Zhu, Tong ; Joseph, Kurian ; Skarsgard, David

It is commonly believed that prostate cancer patients with very high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are unlikely to benefit from definitive local treatment, and patients with very high PSA are often underrepresented in, or excluded from, randomized clinical trials. Consequently, little is known about their optimal treatment or prognosis. We performed a registry-based analysis of management and outcome in this population of patients. Our provincial Cancer Registry was used to identify [...]

Cette étude montre l'efficacité d'une prostatectomie radicale pour traiter un cancer localisé de la prostate associé à un score de Gleason supérieur ou égal à 8 (580 cas ; âge : 41 à 85 ans ; durée moyenne de suivi : 53 mois)

Radical prostatectomy represents an effective treatment in patients with specimen-confined high pathological Gleason score prostate cancer

Lughezzani, Giovanni ; Gallina, Andrea ; Larcher, Alessandro ; Briganti, Alberto ; Capitanio, Umberto ; Suardi, Nazareno ; Lista, Giuliana ; Abrate, Alberto ; Sangalli, Mattia Nicola ; Buffi, Nicolòmaria ; Cestari, Andrea ; Guazzoni, Giorgio ; Rigatti, Patrizio ; Montorsi, Francesco

Study Type – Prognosis (individual cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?To date, only a few studies have addressed the long-term oncological outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with pathological Gleason score ≥ 8 prostate cancer. According to these reports, some individuals with pathological Gleason score ≥ 8 may benefit from RP, with cancer-control outcomes comparable with those of patients with low- and intermediate-risk prostate [...]

A partir de données portant sur 263 707 patients atteints d'un cancer du rein entre 1998 et 2008, cette étude compare les événements indésirables péri-opératoires associés à deux techniques de néphrectomie radicale, l'une par voie ouverte et l'autre par laparoscopie

Inpatient safety trends in laparoscopic and open nephrectomy for renal tumours

Stroup, Sean P. ; Palazzi, Kerrin L. ; Chang, David C. ; Ward, Nicholas T. ; Parsons, J. Kellogg

Study Type – Cohort studyLevel of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cancer provides equivalent long-term cancer control with shorter hospital stays, less postoperative pain, and faster resumption of normal activities, but it has diffused slowly into clinical practice, perhaps as a result of perceptions about safety. Patient safety outcomes for laparoscopic and open radical nephrectomy using validated measures remain [...]

Menée à partir de données des registres américains du cancer incluant 52 249 patientes atteintes d'un cancer canalaire et/ou lobulaire du sein diagnostiqué entre 1998 et 2002, cette étude évalue, du point de vue de la survie spécifique, les résultats cliniques d'une mastectomie en combinaison avec une reconstruction mammaire réalisée pendant ou peu après l'opération

A Population-Based Study of Breast Cancer-Specific Survival Following Mastectomy and Immediate or Early-Delayed Breast Reconstruction

Agarwal, Jayant ; Agarwal, Shailesh ; Pappas, Lisa ; Neumayer, Leigh

Abstract: Immediate breast reconstruction allows for improved patient psychosocial outcomes after mastectomy. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to study the breast cancer-specific survival of patients treated with immediate or early-delayed breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Population-level de-identified data was abstracted from the SEER database. All female patients treated with mastectomy for a diagnosis of ductal and/or lobular breast cancer [...]

A partir des données portant sur 15 369 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein de stade précoce, cette étude évalue l'évolution du taux de mastectomie en Europe sur la période 2005 - 2010

Mastectomy trends for early-stage breast cancer: A report from the EUSOMA multi-institutional European database

Garcia-Etienne, Carlos A. ; Tomatis, Mariano ; Heil, Joerg ; Friedrichs, Kay ; Kreienberg, Rolf ; Denk, Andreas ; Kiechle, Marion ; Lorenz-Salehi, Fatemeh ; Kimmig, Rainer ; Emons, Günter ; Danaei, Mahmoud ; Heyl, Volker ; Heindrichs, Uwe ; Rageth, Christoph J. ; Janni, Wolfgang ; Marotti, Lorenza ; Turco, Marco Rosselli del ; Ponti, Antonio

Introduction Recent single-institution reports have shown increased mastectomy rates during the last decade. Further studies aiming to determine if these reports could be reflecting a national trend in the United States of America (US) have shown conflicting results. We report these trends from a multi-institutional European database. Patients and methods Our source of data was the eusomaDB, a central data warehouse of prospectively collected information of the European Society of Breast Cancer [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude suggère que la chimiokine Mig est un acteur majeur du mécanisme de toxicité létale consécutive à une chimiothérapie 5-FU

Activated expression of the chemokine Mig following chemotherapy contributes to chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression and lethal toxicity

Lu, Huili ; Zhu, Shunying ; Qian, Lan ; Xiang, Di ; Zhang, Wu ; Nie, Aifang ; Gao, Jin ; Wu, Mingyuan ; Gao, Jinming ; Lu, Bao ; Yu, Yan ; Han, Wei ; Moldenhauer, Anja

Alterations in gene expression after chemotherapy may potentially help to identify mediators that induce suppression or regeneration in bone marrow. This paper reports our observation that the expression of the chemokine Mig (monokine induced by interferon γ) and its receptor CXCR3 was significantly activated in mice following treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The neutralization of antibodies against the activated Mig increased the survival rate and accelerated BM [...]

Menée sur divers modèles animaux et des patients atteints de tumeurs solides avancées, cette étude analyse les caractéristiques pharmacologiques et pharmacocinétiques d'une nanoparticule contenant du docétaxel

Preclinical Development and Clinical Translation of a PSMA-Targeted Docetaxel Nanoparticle with a Differentiated Pharmacological Profile

Hrkach, Jeffrey ; Von Hoff, Daniel ; Ali, Mir Mukkaram ; Andrianova, Elizaveta ; Auer, Jason ; Campbell, Tarikh ; De Witt, David ; Figa, Michael ; Figueiredo, Maria ; Horhota, Allen ; Low, Susan ; McDonnell, Kevin ; Peeke, Erick ; Retnarajan, Beadle ; Sabnis, Abhimanyu ; Schnipper, Edward ; Song, Jeffrey J. ; Song, Young Ho ; Summa, Jason ; Tompsett, Douglas ; Troiano, Greg ; Van Geen Hoven, Tina ; Wright, Jim ; LoRusso, Patricia ; Kantoff, Philip W. ; Bander, Neil H. ; Sweeney, Christopher ; Farokhzad, Omid C. ; Langer, Robert ; Zale, Stephen

We describe the development and clinical translation of a targeted polymeric nanoparticle (TNP) containing the chemotherapeutic docetaxel (DTXL) for the treatment of patients with solid tumors. DTXL-TNP is targeted to prostate-specific membrane antigen, a clinically validated tumor antigen expressed on prostate cancer cells and on the neovasculature of most nonprostate solid tumors. DTXL-TNP was developed from a combinatorial library of more than 100 TNP formulations varying with respect to [...]

Cet article passe en revue les diverses approches thérapeutiques visant à éradiquer les cellules souches du cancer

Cancer stem cells: In the line of fire

Alison, Malcolm R. ; Lin, Wey-Ran ; Lim, Susan M. L. ; Nicholson, Linda J.

Most tumours appear to contain a sub-population (s) of self-renewing and expanding stem cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). The CSC model proposes that CSCs are at the apex of a hierarchically organized cell population, somewhat akin to normal tissue organization. Selection pressures may also facilitate the stochastic clonal expansion of sub-sets of cancer cells that may co-exist with CSCs and their progeny, moreover the trait of stemness may be more fluid than hitherto expected, and cells [...]

Menée sur des lignées cellulaires, à l'aide de xénogreffes et d'échantilllons prélevés sur des patients atteints de myélome multiple, cette étude met en évidence une activité antitumorale de la combinaison d'agonistes du récepteur A2A et du récepteur bêta-2-adrénergique

Adenosine A2A and Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: Novel Selective and Synergistic Multiple Myeloma Targets Discovered through Systematic Combination Screening

Rickles, Richard J. ; Tam, Winnie F ; Giordano, Thomas P ; Pierce, Laura T ; Farwell, Melissa ; McMillin, Douglas W. ; Necheva, Antoaneta ; Crowe, David ; Chen, Mei ; Avery, William ; Kansra, Vikram ; Nawrocki, Steffan T ; Carew, Jennifer S ; Giles, Francis ; Mitsiades, Constantine S. ; Borisy, Alexis A ; Anderson, Kenneth C. ; Lee, Margaret S

The use of combination drug regimens has dramatically improved the clinical outcome for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, to date, combination treatments have been limited to approved drugs and a small number of emerging agents. Using a systematic approach to identify synergistic drug combinations, combination high throughput screening (cHTS) technology, adenosine A2A and beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists were shown to be highly synergistic, selective and novel agents that enhance [...]

Menée sur 5 patientes atteintes d'un cancer ovarien de haut grade résistant aux sels de platine, cette étude évalue l'intérêt du trientine, un chélateur du cuivre, pour restaurer la sensibilité des tumeurs aux sels de platine

Overcoming Platinum Resistance Through the Use of a Copper-Lowering Agent

Fu, Siqing ; Naing, Aung ; Fu, Caroline ; Kuo, Macus Tien ; Kurzrock, Razelle

Low levels of human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1) mRNA are associated with a shorter progression-free survival after platinum-based therapy. Pretreatment with a copper-lowering agent such as trientine enhanced hCtr1-mediated platinum uptake. Therefore, we conducted a pilot study (NCT01178112) of carboplatin and trientine with the goal of resensitizing advanced cancer patients to platinum chemotherapy. This case report reviews the outcomes of five patients with platinum-resistant high-grade [...]

Mené sur 272 patients atteints d'un carcinome à cellules rénales de stade avancé ou métastatique, cet essai de phase II évalue le tivozanib, un inhibiteur de trois récepteurs du facteur de croissance de l'endothélium vasculaire

Antitumor Activity and Safety of Tivozanib (AV-951) in a Phase II Randomized Discontinuation Trial in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma

Nosov, Dmitry A. ; Esteves, Brooke ; Lipatov, Oleg N. ; Lyulko, Alexei A. ; Anischenko, A. A. ; Chacko, Raju T. ; Doval, Dinesh C. ; Strahs, Andrew ; Slichenmyer, William J. ; Bhargava, Pankaj

Purpose The antitumor activity and safety of tivozanib, which is a potent and selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, -2, and -3 inhibitor, was assessed in patients with advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Patients and Methods In this phase II, randomized discontinuation trial, 272 patients received open-label tivozanib 1.5 mg/d (one cycle equaled three treatment weeks followed by a 1-week break) orally for 16 weeks. Thereafter, 78 patients who demonstrated ≥ 25% [...]

Mené sur 39 patients atteints d'une leucémie lymphocytaire chronique présentant une délétion du gène TP53, cet essai de phase II évalue un traitement combinant alemtuzumab, un anticorps monoclonal anti CD52, et méthylprednisolone

Alemtuzumab in Combination With Methylprednisolone Is a Highly Effective Induction Regimen for Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Deletion of TP53: Final Results of the National Cancer Research Institute CLL206 Trial

Pettitt, Andrew R. ; Jackson, Richard ; Carruthers, Stacey ; Dodd, James ; Dodd, Susanna ; Oates, Melanie ; Johnson, Gillian G. ; Schuh, Anna ; Matutes, Estella ; Dearden, Claire E. ; Catovsky, Daniel ; Radford, John A. ; Bloor, Adrian ; Follows, George A. ; Devereux, Stephen ; Kruger, Anton ; Blundell, Julie ; Agrawal, Samir ; Allsup, David ; Proctor, Stephen ; Heartin, Earnest ; Oscier, David ; Hamblin, Terry J. ; Rawstron, Andrew ; Hillmen, Peter

Purpose In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), TP53 deletion/mutation is strongly associated with an adverse outcome and resistance to chemotherapy-based treatment. In contrast, TP53 defects are not associated with resistance to the anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab or methylprednisolone. In an attempt to improve the treatment of TP53-defective CLL, a multicenter phase II study was developed to evaluate alemtuzumab and methylprednisolone in combination.Patients and Methods Thirty-nine [...]

A partir de données issues de deux essais européens menés sur des patients atteints d'une leucémie promyélocytaire aiguë, cette étude compare les caractéristiques et l'évolution de la maladie entre les enfants, les adolescents et les adultes

Outcome of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) in Children and Adolescents: An Analysis in Two Consecutive Trials of the European APL Group

Bally, Cecile ; Fadlallah, Jehane ; Leverger, Guy ; Bertrand, Yves ; Robert, Alain ; Baruchel, André ; Guerci, Agnes ; Recher, Christian ; Raffoux, Emmanuel ; Thomas, Xavier ; Leblanc, Thierry ; Idres, Nadia ; Cassinat, Bruno ; Vey, Norbert ; Chomienne, Christine ; Dombret, Hervé ; Sanz, Miguel ; Fenaux, Pierre ; Adès, Lionel

Purpose Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is rare in children. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with chemotherapy, the reference treatment of APL, is generally considered to produce similar results in children and adults. However, previously published childhood APL studies have generally analyzed all patients age < 18 years as a group, without further dividing according to age.Patients and Methods We compared disease characteristics and outcomes of children (age ≤ 12 years), adolescents [...]

Cet article passe en revue les travaux récents sur le développement de thérapies ciblées pour le traitement des patients atteints de mélanome

From genes to drugs: targeted strategies for melanoma

Flaherty, Keith T. ; Hodi, F. Stephen ; Fisher, David E.

The past decade has revealed that melanoma is comprised of multiple subclasses that can be categorized on the basis of key features, including the clinical stage of disease, the oncogenic molecular 'drivers', the anatomical location or the behaviour of the primary lesion and the expression of specific biomarkers. Although exercises in subclassification are not new in oncology, progress in this area has produced both conceptual and clinical breakthroughs, which, for melanoma, are unprecedented [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature (4 essais ayant inclus un total de 663 patients), cette méta-analyse compare, du point de vue de la survie globale, deux chimiothérapies (cisplatine et carboplatine) en traitement de première ligne d'un cancer du poumon à petites cellules

Carboplatin- or Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in First-Line Treatment of Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The COCIS Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data

Rossi, Antonio ; Di Maio, Massimo ; Chiodini, Paolo ; Rudd, Robin Michael ; Okamoto, Hiroaki ; Skarlos, Dimosthenis Vasilios ; Früh, Martin ; Qian, Wendi ; Tamura, Tomohide ; Samantas, Epaminondas ; Shibata, Taro ; Perrone, Francesco ; Gallo, Ciro ; Gridelli, Cesare ; Martelli, Olga ; Lee, Siow-Ming

Purpose Since treatment efficacy of cisplatin- or carboplatin-based chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains contentious, a meta-analysis of individual patient data was performed to compare the two treatments.Patients and Methods A systematic review identified randomized trials comparing cisplatin with carboplatin in the first-line treatment of SCLC. Individual patient data were obtained from coordinating centers of all eligible trials. The primary end [...]

Cet article passe en revue les travaux récents sur le traitement des cancers du poumon non à petites cellules présentant des réarrangements du gène ALK

Treating ALK-positive lung cancer[mdash]early successes and future challenges

Camidge, D. Ross ; Doebele, Robert C.

Rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene occur infrequently in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but provide an important paradigm for oncogene-directed therapy in this disease. Crizotinib, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of ALK, provides significant benefit for patients with ALK-positive (ALK+) NSCLC in association with characteristic, mostly mild, toxic effects, and this drug has been approved by the FDA for clinical use in this molecularly defined subgroup of lung [...]

Mené sur 571 patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal métastatique, cet essai multicentrique de phase III évalue, du point de vue de la survie sans progression, l'ajout de cetuximab à une chimiothérapie Nordic FLOX, administrée en continue ou de façon intermittente, en traitement de première ligne

Phase III Trial of Cetuximab With Continuous or Intermittent Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin (Nordic FLOX) Versus FLOX Alone in First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The NORDIC-VII Study

Tveit, Kjell Magne ; Guren, Tormod ; Glimelius, Bengt ; Pfeiffer, Per ; Sorbye, Halfdan ; Pyrhonen, Seppo ; Sigurdsson, Fridbjorn ; Kure, Elin ; Ikdahl, Tone ; Skovlund, Eva ; Fokstuen, Tone ; Hansen, Flemming ; Hofsli, Eva ; Birkemeyer, Elke ; Johnsson, Anders ; Starkhammar, Hans ; Yilmaz, Mette Karen ; Keldsen, Nina ; Erdal, Anne Berit ; Dajani, Olav ; Dahl, Olav ; Christoffersen, Thoralf

Purpose The NORDIC-VII multicenter phase III trial investigated the efficacy of cetuximab when added to bolus fluorouracil/folinic acid and oxaliplatin (Nordic FLOX), administered continuously or intermittently, in previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The influence of KRAS mutation status on treatment outcome was also investigated.Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard Nordic FLOX (arm A), cetuximab and FLOX (arm B), or cetuximab [...]

Cet article passe en revue les résultats d'essais de phase II et III évaluant le bévacizumab en traitement de première ligne chez les patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal métastatique

Bevacizumab-Based Therapies in the First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Strickler, John H. ; Hurwitz, Herbert I.

Abstract Since its approval for the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), bevacizumab has become a standard treatment option in combination with chemotherapy for patients with mCRC. Bevacizumab has demonstrated efficacy in combination with a number of different backbone chemotherapy regimens, and its widespread use has introduced several important questions regarding the selection and optimization of bevacizumab-based treatment regimens, its use in various patient [...]

Cet article passe en revue les travaux récents sur le traitement des cancers du sein et analyse les défis posés par la traduction en clinique des résultats de recherches biologiques

Toward Individualized Breast Cancer Therapy: Translating Biological Concepts to the Bedside

Hortobagyi, Gabriel N.

Abstract The management of breast cancer has changed dramatically over the past 20 years. Based on gene expression profiles, or proteomics of three or four biomarkers, it is apparent that there are multiple subtypes with different clinical characteristics, clinical courses, and sensitivities to existing therapies. This manuscript reviews the management of hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive, and triple-negative breast cancers, emphasizing changes that [...]

A partir de données portant sur 1 502 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein et incluses dans un essai allemand de traitement adjuvant, cette étude rétrospective met en évidence une corrélation entre la survenue d'événements indésirables et la réponse à un traitement au tamoxifène et/ou exémestane

Correlation of treatment-emergent adverse events and clinical response to endocrine therapy in early breast cancer: a retrospective analysis of the German cohort of TEAM

Hadji, P. ; Kieback, D. G. ; Tams, J. ; Hasenburg, A. ; Ziller, M.

Background: Previous studies have suggested a correlation between the occurrence of vasomotor or joint symptoms during tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitor treatment and improved clinical response.Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis of the German cohort of the Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) trial was carried out to assess disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with and without arthralgia/myalgia and/or menopausal symptoms during adjuvant [...]

Mené sur 21 patients atteints d'un cancer de l'œsophage localement avancé et non résécable, cet essai de phase II évalue, du point de vue de la survie globale à deux ans, l'efficacité et la toxicité d'un traitement définitif par cetuximab - cisplatine - irinotécan en combinaison avec une radiothérapie thoracique

Cetuximab Plus Cisplatin, Irinotecan, and Thoracic Radiotherapy as Definitive Treatment for Locally Advanced, Unresectable Esophageal Cancer: A Phase-II Study of The SWOG (S0414)

Tomblyn, Michael B. ; Goldman, Bryan H. ; Thomas, Charles R. Jr ; Benedetti, Jacqueline K. ; Lenz, Heinz-Josef ; Mehta, Vivek ; Beeker, Thaddeus ; Gold, Philip J. ; Abbruzzese, James L. ; Blanke, Charles D. ; for the SWOG GI Committee

Introduction: The specific aims of the study were to evaluate the 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), toxicity profile, and best objective response rate in patients with locally advanced, clinically unresectable esophageal cancer receiving cetuximab, cisplatin, irinotecan, and thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) within a multi-institutional cooperative-group setting. Methods: Eligible patients (cT4 M0 or medically unresectable, biopsy proven, and noncervical esophageal [...]

Mené sur 264 patients atteints d'un cancer localisé de la prostate de stade T3-4 ou pT3N0M0, cet essai multicentrique randomisé de phase 3 évalue, du point de vue de la survie et du contrôle locorégional de la maladie, l'intérêt de combiner une radiothérapie à un traitement anti-androgénique à long terme

Addition of Radiotherapy to Long-Term Androgen Deprivation in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: An Open Randomised Phase 3 Trial

Nicolas, Mottet ; Michel, Peneau ; Jean-Jacques, Mazeron ; Vincent, Molinie ; Pierre, Richaud

Background : Radiotherapy combined with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is superior to radiotherapy alone in localised prostate cancer; however, data comparing ADT alone are somewhat limited. Objective :To compare 3-yr ADT plus radiotherapy with ADT alone in locally advanced prostate cancer patients. Design, setting, and participants : A multicentre randomised open controlled phase 3 trial in 264 histologically confirmed T3–4 or pT3N0M0 prostate cancer patients randomised from March 2000 to [...]

Menée sur 725 patients atteints d'un carcinome rectal localement avancé et diagnostiqué entre 1993 et 2008, cette étude rétrospective évalue l'association entre la réponse tumorale à une chimioradiothérapie pré-opératoire et les résultats cliniques à 5 ans

Neoadjuvant Treatment Response As an Early Response Indicator for Patients With Rectal Cancer

Park, In Ja ; You, Y. Nancy ; Agarwal, Atin ; Skibber, John M. ; Rodriguez-Bigas, Miguel A. ; Eng, Cathy ; Feig, Barry W. ; Das, Prajnan ; Krishnan, Sunil ; Crane, Christopher H. ; Hu, Chung-Yuan ; Chang, George J.

Purpose Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer is associated with improved local control and may result in complete tumor response. Associations between tumor response and disease control following radical resection should be established before tumor response is used to evaluate treatment strategies. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare oncologic outcomes associated with the degree of pathologic response after chemoradiotherapy.Patients and Methods All patients with [...]

Mené sur 24 patients atteints d'un glioblastome multiforme nouvellement diagnostiqué (âge : 27 à 77 ans ; durée médiane de suivi : 14,8 mois), cet essai de phase II évalue, du point de vue de la survie globale, la toxicité et l'efficacité d'une radiothérapie hypofractionnée avec modulation d'intensité en combinaison avec une chimiothérapie par témozolomide

Phase II Trial of Hypofractionated IMRT With Temozolomide for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme

Reddy, Krishna ; Damek, Denise ; Gaspar, Laurie E. ; Ney, Douglas ; Waziri, Allen ; Lillehei, Kevin ; Stuhr, Kelly ; Kavanagh, Brian D. ; Chen, Changhu

To report toxicity and overall survival (OS) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (hypo-IMRT) with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ). Patients with newly diagnosed GBM after biopsy or resection and with adequate performance status and organ or bone marrow function were eligible for this study. Patients received postoperative hypo-IMRT to the surgical cavity and residual tumor seen on T1-weighted [...]

Cet article fait le point sur les produits à base d'acides nucléiques actuellement utilisés dans certaines approches thérapeutiques pour sensibiliser les cellules de carcinome nasopharyngé aux rayonnements ionisants

Potential Use of Nucleic Acid-based Agents in the Sensitization of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma to Radiotherapy

Zhang, Lu ; Yang, Lifang ; Li, Jian Jian ; Sun, Lunquan

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic cancer. The two-year survival rate of patients with stage III or IV disease is only about 50%. Due to its high radiosensitivity, radiotherapy is the standard treatment for early-stage of NPC. However, the radioresistance observed in some patients can cause distant metastases and local recurrence after radiotherapy. Special emphasis has been given to the discovery of effective radiosensitizers. Oncogenic proteins encoded by EBV genomes may [...]

Mené sur 194 patients atteints d'un carcinome épidermoïde de l'hypopharynx (durée médiane de suivi : 10,5 ans), cet essai évalue, du point de vue de la survie globale, les résultats cliniques d'un traitement chirurgical préservant le larynx en combinaison avec une chimiothérapie d'induction

Laryngeal preservation with induction chemotherapy for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: 10-year results of EORTC trial 24891

Lefebvre, J.-L. ; Andry, G. ; Chevalier, D. ; Luboinski, B. ; Collette, L. ; Traissac, L. ; de Raucourt, D. ; Langendijk, J. A.

Background: We report the 10-year results of the EORTC trial 24891 comparing a larynx-preservation approach to immediate surgery in hypopharynx and lateral epilarynx squamous cell carcinoma.Material and methods: Two hundred and two patients were randomized to either the surgical approach (total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy and neck dissection, followed by irradiation) or to the chemotherapy arm up to three cycles of induction chemotherapy (cisplatin 100 mg/m2 day 1 + 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 [...]

Cet article propose des méthodes pour évaluer l'efficacité clinique et le rapport coût-efficacité de nouvelles technologies de radiothérapie

Evaluation of novel radiotherapy technologies: what evidence is needed to assess their clinical and cost effectiveness, and how should we get it?

van Loon, Judith ; Grutters, Janneke ; Macbeth, Fergus

Technical innovations in radiation oncology—eg, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, and particle therapy—can be developed rapidly and introduced into the clinic even when costs associated with their use are much higher than those for conventional radiotherapy. Although clinical benefit is expected on the basis of superior biological and physical characteristics, data for clinical effectiveness of new radiotherapy techniques are scarce. Evidence from randomised clinical [...]

Cet article présente les recommandations d'un groupe d'experts de l'"American Society of Clinical Oncology" sur le dosage des chimiothérapies cytotoxiques pour les patients adultes obèses

Appropriate Chemotherapy Dosing for Obese Adult Patients With Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline

Griggs, Jennifer J. ; Mangu, Pamela B. ; Anderson, Holly ; Balaban, Edward P. ; Dignam, James J. ; Hryniuk, William M. ; Morrison, Vicki A. ; Pini, T. May ; Runowicz, Carolyn D. ; Rosner, Gary L. ; Shayne, Michelle ; Sparreboom, Alex ; Sucheston, Lara E. ; Lyman, Gary H.

Purpose To provide recommendations for appropriate cytotoxic chemotherapy dosing for obese adult patients with cancer.Methods The American Society of Clinical Oncology convened a Panel of experts in medical and gynecologic oncology, clinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics, and biostatistics and a patient representative. MEDLINE searches identified studies published in English between 1996 and 2010, and a systematic review of the literature was conducted. A majority of [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature ayant identifié 253 essais cliniques randomisés de phase III, cette étude évalue les méthodes statistiques utilisées pour estimer le bénéfice attendu des traitements

Assumptions of Expected Benefits in Randomized Phase III Trials Evaluating Systemic Treatments for Cancer

Gan, Hui K. ; You, Benoit ; Pond, Gregory R. ; Chen, Eric X.

Background In designing phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs), the expected magnitude of the benefit of the experimental therapy (δ) determines the number of patients required and the number of person-years of follow-up. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate how reliably δ approximates the observed benefit (B) in RCTs that evaluated cancer treatment.Methods RCTs evaluating systemic therapy in adult cancer patients published in 10 journals from January 1, 2005, through December 31, [...]