Menée en Alaska auprès de 400 participants indigènes, cette étude analyse et compare le niveau d'exposition aux substances cancérigènes et nicotiniques chez des fumeurs et des consommateurs d'une préparation locale à base de tabac à mâcher

Exposure to Nicotine and Carcinogens among South Western Alaskan Native Cigarette Smokers and Smokeless Tobacco User

Benowitz, Neal L. ; Renner, Caroline ; Lanier, Anne ; Tyndale, Rachel F. ; Hatsukami, Dorothy K. ; Lindgren, Bruce R. ; Stepanov, Irina ; Watson, Clifford H. ; Sosnoff, Connie ; Jacob, Peyton

Background Prevalence of tobacco use, both cigarette smoking and smokeless, including iqmik (homemade smokeless tobacco prepared with dried tobacco leaves mixed with alkaline ash), and tobacco-related cancer is high in Alaska Native people (AN). To investigate possible mechanisms of increased cancer risk we studied levels of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) in tobacco products and biomarkers of tobacco toxicant exposure in South Western AN people. Methods Participants included [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis, cette étude en population (1 433 cas et 1 349 témoins) évalue et compare, entre les hommes et les femmes, l'association entre le tabagisme et le risque de méningiome

Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Meningioma: The Effect of Gender

Claus, Elizabeth B. ; Walsh, Kyle M. ; Calvocoerssi, Lisa ; Bondy, Melissa L. ; Schildkraut, Joellen M. ; Wrensch, Margaret R. ; Wiemels, Joseph L.

Background:A number of studies have reported on the association between smoking and meningioma risk, with inconsistent findings. We examined the effect of gender on the association between cigarette smoking and risk of intra-cranial meningioma in a large population-based, case-control study. Methods:The data includes 1433 intra-cranial meningioma cases aged 29-79 years diagnosed among residents of the states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, North Carolina, the San Francisco Bay Area and eight [...]

Menée en Italie sur la période 2002-2005, cette étude en population (1 537 cas et 1 617 témoins) analyse l'association entre une exposition professionnelle à des agents cancérogènes tels que l'amiante, la silice cristalline, le nickel, etc. et le risque de cancer du poumon

Impact of occupational carcinogens on lung cancer risk in a general population

De Matteis, Sara ; Consonni, Dario ; Lubin, Jay H ; Tucker, Margaret ; Peters, Susan ; Vermeulen, Roel CH ; Kromhout, Hans ; Bertazzi, Pier Alberto ; Caporaso, Neil E ; Pesatori, Angela C ; Wacholder, Sholom ; Landi, Maria Teresa

Background Exposure to occupational carcinogens is an important preventable cause of lung cancer. Most of the previous studies were in highly exposed industrial cohorts. Our aim was to quantify lung cancer burden attributable to occupational carcinogens in a general population.Methods We applied a new job–exposure matrix (JEM) to translate lifetime work histories, collected by personal interview and coded into standard job titles, into never, low and high exposure levels for six known/suspected [...]

Menée à Taïwan, cette étude (151 cas et 25 témoins) évalue l'association entre une exposition à l'acide aristolochique, produit par des plantes herbacées des régions tropicales et méditerranéennes, des mutations du gène TP53 et le risque de carcinome urothélial des voies urinaires supérieures

Aristolochic acid-associated urothelial cancer in Taiwan

Chen, Chung-Hsin ; Dickman, Kathleen G. ; Moriya, Masaaki ; Zavadil, Jiri ; Sidorenko, Viktoriya S. ; Edwards, Karen L. ; Gnatenko, Dmitri V. ; Wu, Lin ; Turesky, Robert J. ; Wu, Xue-Ru ; Pu, Yeong-Shiau ; Grollman, Arthur P.

Aristolochic acid, a potent human carcinogen produced by Aristolochia plants, is associated with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUC). Following metabolic activation, aristolochic acid reacts with DNA to form aristolactam (AL)-DNA adducts. These lesions concentrate in the renal cortex, where they serve as a sensitive and specific biomarker of exposure, and are found also in the urothelium, where they give rise to a unique mutational signature in the TP53 tumor-suppressor gene. [...]

Cette étude américaine analyse les divers facteurs de risque d'évolution des néoplasies intraépithéliales cervicales de haut grade, associées à une infection par le papillomavirus humain de type 16, vers un cancer invasif du col de l'utérus

Heterogeneity of high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia related to HPV16: Implications for natural history and management

Wentzensen, Nicolas ; Walker, Joan ; Schiffman, Mark ; Yang, Hannah P. ; Zuna, Rosemary E. ; Dunn, S. Terence ; Allen, R. Andy ; Zhang, Roy ; Sherman, Mark ; Gold, Michael A. ; Wang, Sophia S.

Factors associated with progression from cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) grade 2 and 3 to invasive cancer are not well understood; most CIN2 and CIN3 regress spontaneously. Among carcinogenic HPV types, infections with HPV16 have the highest risk of progressing to cancer. We evaluated the heterogeneity of risk factors, lesion size, colposcopic impression, and colposcopic biopsy results in relation to HPV16 status among 627 women with CIN2 or CIN3 in women referred to colposcopy at the [...]

A partir des données des registres des séjours hospitaliers en Angleterre et au Pays-de-Galles, cette étude analyse l'association entre une prothèse de resurfaçage de hanche et le risque de cancer dans les sept années suivant la pose de la prothèse

Risk of cancer in first seven years after metal-on-metal hip replacement compared with other bearings and general population: linkage study between the National Joint Registry of England and Wales and hospital episode statistics

Alison J Smith ; Paul Dieppe ; Martyn Porter ; Ashley W Blom

Objective : To determine whether use of metal-on-metal bearing surfaces is associated with an increased risk of a diagnosis of cancer in the early years after total hip replacement and specifically with an increase in malignant melanoma and haematological, prostate, and renal tract cancers. Design : Linkage study with multivariable competing risks flexible parametric survival model to examine the incidence of new diagnoses of cancer in patients with metal-on-metal hip replacement compared with [...]

Menée à Taïwan, cette étude en population (16 204 cas et 64 816 témoins) évalue l'association entre la dose, la durée et fréquence des prises de bisphosphonates oraux et le risque de cancer de l'œsophage

Oral Bisphosphonates and Risk of Esophageal Cancer: a Dose-Intensity Analysis in a Nationwide Population

Ho, Yunn-Fang ; Lin, Jaw-Town ; Wu, Chun-Ying

Background: Esophageal cancer has been associated with oral bisphosphonate (BP) use, but current data is conflicting and devoid of Asian studies where esophageal squamous carcinoma prevails. Methods: We assessed the association between dose intensity, stratified by use duration (observation period) and exposure frequency, of oral BPs and the risk of esophageal cancer using 16,204 esophageal cancer cases and 64,816 malignancy-free controls identified from the Taiwan population-based National [...]

Menée sur deux cohortes successives de 253 et 105 patients atteints d'une leucémie myéloïde aiguë, cette étude identifie un polymorphisme à simple nucléotide en association avec une surexpression de l'oncogène BAALC

Heritable polymorphism predisposes to high BAALC expression in acute myeloid leukemia

Eisfeld, Ann-Kathrin ; Marcucci, Guido ; Liyanarachchi, Sandya ; Döhner, Konstanze ; Schwind, Sebastian ; Maharry, Kati ; Leffel, Benjamin ; Döhner, Hartmut ; Radmacher, Michael D. ; Bloomfield, Clara D. ; Tanner, Stephan M. ; de la Chapelle, Albert

Overexpression of the brain and acute leukemia, cytoplasmic (BAALC) gene is implicated in myeloid leukemogenesis and associated with poor outcome in both acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Additionally, high BAALC expression occurs in glioblastoma, melanoma, and childhood gastrointestinal stroma tumors, suggesting an oncogenic role for BAALC. However, the mechanisms underlying the deregulated expression are unknown. We hypothesized that a common heritable [...]

Menée sur 346 cas de cancer de l'ovaire (178 cancers sporadiques, 168 familiaux) et 267 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre la longueur des télomères, mesurée dans les leucocytes du sang prériphérique, et le risque de la maladie en fonction de l'âge

Shorter telomere length is associated with increased ovarian cancer risk in both familial and sporadic cases

Martinez-Delgado, Beatriz ; Yanowsky, Kira ; Inglada-Pérez, Lucía ; de la Hoya, Miguel ; Caldes, Trinidad ; Vega, Ana ; Blanco, Ana ; Martin, Teresa ; Gonzalez-Sarmiento, Rogelio ; Blasco, Maria ; Robledo, Mercedes ; Urioste, Miguel ; Song, Honglin ; Pharoah, Paul ; Benítez, Javier

Background Alterations in telomere maintenance mechanisms leading to short telomeres underlie different genetic disorders of ageing and cancer predisposition syndromes. It is known that short telomeres and subsequent genomic instability contribute to malignant transformation, and it is therefore likely that people with shorter telomeres are at higher risk for different types of cancer. Recently, the authors demonstrated that the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are modifiers of telomere length (TL) in [...]

Menée sur 1 308 cas de cancer précoce du sein et 1 120 témoins, puis sur 689 familles affectées par ce cancer, cette étude identifie des mutations du gène XRCC2 en association avec un risque accru de la maladie

Rare Mutations in XRCC2 Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer

Park, D. J. ; Lesueur, F. ; Nguyen-Dumont, T. ; Pertesi, M. ; Odefrey, F. ; Hammet, F. ; Neuhausen, S. L. ; John, E. M. ; Andrulis, I. L. ; Terry, M. B. ; Daly, M. ; Buys, S. ; Le Calvez-Kelm, F. ; Lonie, A. ; Pope, B. J. ; Tsimiklis, H. ; Voegele, C. ; Hilbers, F. M. ; Hoogerbrugge, N. ; Barroso, A. ; Osorio, A. ; Giles, G. G. ; Devilee, P. ; Benitez, J. ; Hopper, J. L. ; Tavtigian, S. V. ; Goldgar, D. E. ; Southey, M. C.

An exome-sequencing study of families with multiple breast-cancer-affected individuals identified two families with XRCC2 mutations, one with a protein-truncating mutation and one with a probably deleterious missense mutation. We performed a population-based case-control mutation-screening study that identified six probably pathogenic coding variants in 1,308 cases with early-onset breast cancer and no variants in 1,120 controls (the severity grading was p < 0.02). We also performed additional [...]

A partir des données de la cohorte "Nurses' Health Study II" incluant 1 825 femmes effectuant un travail posté par rotation, cette étude évalue l'association entre des variants de 15 gènes impliqués dans le système circadien et le risque de cancer du sein

Circadian genes and breast cancer susceptibility in rotating shift workers

Monsees, Genevieve M. ; Kraft, Peter ; Hankinson, Susan E. ; Hunter, David J. ; Schernhammer, Eva S.

Rotating night shift work is associated with increased risk of breast cancer, likely via circadian disruption. We hypothesized that circadian pathway genes influence breast cancer risk, particularly in rotating night shift workers. We selected 178 common variants across 15 genes pertinent to the circadian system. Using a mixed candidate- and tag-single nucleotide polymorphism approach, we tested for associations between these variants and breast cancer risk in 1,825 women within the Nurses' [...]