Menée aux Etats-Unis entre 2008 et 2017 par entretiens individuels auprès de 279 559 personnes âgées d'au moins 25 ans, cette étude analyse l'association entre des désavantages socio-économiques ou liés à la santé et les comportements tabagiques

Association of Cumulative Socioeconomic and Health-Related Disadvantage With Disparities in Smoking Prevalence in the United States, 2008 to 2017

Leventhal, Adam M. ; Bello, Mariel S. ; Galstyan, Ellen ; Higgins, Stephen T. ; Barrington-Trimis, Jessica L.

Understanding emerging patterns of smoking disparities among disadvantaged populations can guide tobacco control policy.To estimate disparities in smoking prevalence associated with the number of socioeconomic and health-related disadvantages faced by a population among US adults from 2008 to 2017.Nationally representative cross-sectional annual household-based probability sample of US noninstitutionalized residents. Polytomous regression estimated associations of disadvantage variables, survey [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir des données de l'enquête "National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)", cette étude estime la prévalence de l'utilisation des cigarettes électroniques et classiques chez les femmes âgées de 18 à 44 ans, enceintes ou non

National Estimates of e-Cigarette Use Among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in the United States, 2014-2017

Liu, Buyun ; Xu, Guifeng ; Rong, Shuang ; Santillan, Donna A. ; Santillan, Mark K. ; Snetselaar, Linda G. ; Bao, Wei

Pregnant women and developing fetuses are vulnerable to exposure to tobacco products. Some animal studies have shown that maternal use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) adversely affects offspring’s lung development and cognitive function. There is an urgent need for clinical and epidemiologic studies of e-cigarette use during pregnancy. Estimating the prevalence of e-cigarette use among pregnant women is critical to inform future research and policy. Previous studies have reported [...]

A partir de données des cohortes "Nurses’ Health Study" et "Health Professionals Follow-Up Study" portant sur 88 783 femmes et 51 492 hommes (durée moyenne de suivi : 27,9 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre une consommation de noix et le risque de carcinome hépatocellulaire (162 cas)

A prospective study of nut consumption and risk of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in the U.S. women and men

Sui, Jing ; Yang, Wanshui ; Ma, Yanan ; Li, Tricia Y ; Simon, Tracey G ; Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A. ; Liang, Geyu ; Giovannucci, Edward L. ; Chan, Andrew T. ; Zhang, Xuehong

Although increasing evidence suggests a potential beneficial effect of nut consumption on various diseases, no epidemiologic study has yet examined the association between nut consumption and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We prospectively examined this association in 88,783 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 51,492 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Nut consumption was assessed every 4 years using validated food frequency questionnaires. Multivariable hazard [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni par questionnaire auprès de 471 779 participants (durée de suivi : 7,5 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre une consommation de café (instantané ou moulu) et le risque de cancers digestifs (3 567 cas)

Coffee consumption by type and risk of digestive cancer: a large prospective cohort study

Tran, Kim Tu ; Coleman, Helen G. ; McMenamin, Úna C. ; Cardwell, Chris R.

Background : Inverse associations have been observed between coffee consumption and liver cancer, but associations for other digestive cancers are unclear. Few previous studies have investigated coffee type (specifically instant or ground coffee) or a range of digestive cancer types within one cohort. We therefore investigated coffee consumption by type and digestive cancer risks in a population-based cohort. Methods : The UK Biobank captured self-reported coffee consumption and cancer-registry [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en septembre 2018 (19 études ; 6 456 patients), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre une consommation de café et le risque de cancer de la cavité buccale

Association between coffee intake and the risk of oral cavity cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies

He, Tao ; Guo, Xiangyu ; Li, Xue ; Liao, Chunjuan ; Yin, Wei

The association between coffee intake and the risk of oral cavity cancer has been inconsistent in previous studies. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence regarding the strength of association between coffee intake and oral cavity cancer. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to select studies on the relationship between coffee intake and oral cavity cancer conducted up to September 2018. Case–control or cohort studies and those that have reported about [...]

Mené sur 64 patientes présentant un risque élevé de cancer de l'ovaire, âgées de 30 à 69 ans et souhaitant une salpingo-ovariectomie bilatérale prophylactique, cet essai randomisé de phase II évalue, du point de vue de l'apoptose des cellules de l'épithélium ovarien et de la trompe de Fallope, l'effet chimiopréventif du lévonorgestrel

Phase II Trial of Chemopreventive Effects of Levonorgestrel on Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Epithelium in Women at High Risk For Ovarian Cancer: An Nrg Oncology Group/Gog Study

Rodriguez, Gustavo C. ; Kauderer, James ; Hunn, Jessica ; Thaete, Larry G. ; Watkin, William G ; Russell, Samantha ; Yozwiak, Michael ; Basil, Jack ; Hurteau, Jean ; Lele, Shashikant ; Modesitt, Susan C ; Zivanovic, Oliver ; Zhang, Hao Helen ; Bartels, Peter H ; Alberts, David S

A large body of epidemiologic evidence has shown that use of progestin-containing preparations lowers ovarian cancer risk. The purpose of the current study was to gather further preclinical evidence supporting progestins as cancer chemopreventives by demonstrating progestin-activation of surrogate endpoint biomarkers pertinent to cancer prevention in the genital tract of women at increased risk of ovarian cancer. There were 64 women enrolled in a multi-institutional randomized trial who chose [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en août 2018 (6 études ; 50 927 femmes), cette méta-analyse évalue l'efficacité et la toxicité d'agents chimiopréventifs du cancer du sein

Risk-reducing medications for primary breast cancer: a network meta-analysis

Mocellin, S. ; Goodwin, A. ; Pasquali, S.

Background : Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring malignancy and the second cause of death for cancer in women. Cancer prevention agents (CPAs) are a promising approach to reduce the burden of breast cancer. Currently, two main types of CPAs are available: selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs, such as tamoxifen and raloxifene) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs, such as exemestane and anastrozole). Objectives : To assess the efficacy and acceptability of single CPAs for the [...]

Menée aux Pays-Bas auprès de 548 femmes âgées de 16 à 24 ans, cette étude analyse l'efficacité d'un vaccin bivalent anti-papillomavirus humain contre les infections anales liées à HPV

Bivalent vaccine effectiveness against anal HPV positivity among female STI clinic visitors in the Netherlands

King, Audrey J ; van Benthem, Birgit H B ; Leussink, Suzan ; Woestenberg, Petra J ; Bogaards, Johannes A ; Hoebe, Christian J P A ; van der Sande, Marianne A B

HPV vaccines are indicated for anal cancer prevention, but evidence for vaccine effectiveness (VE) against anal HPV infections among women is limited. We estimated the VE (≥1 dose) against anal HPV positivity of the bivalent vaccine, whose target types HPV16/18 are associated with ~90% of HPV-related anal cancers. Among 548 16- to 24-year-old female STI clinics visitors who provided an anal swab as part of a repeated cross-sectional survey, VE against HPV16/18 was 89.9% (95%CI 63.0%–97.2%). [...]