Adherence to 2018 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations and risk of cancer: the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study
Menée à partir de données portant sur 20 001 personnes (âge : 40-69 ans ; durée moyenne de suivi : 16 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre une adhésion aux recommandations 2018 du "World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research" et le risque de cancer (4 710 cas)
Résumé en anglais
Background: We examined associations between adherence to adaptations of the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations and total, exposure-related and site-specific cancer risk.
Methods: 20,001 participants aged 40–69 years at enrollment into the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study in 1990-94, who had diet, body size and lifestyle re-assessed in 2003-07 (‘baseline’), were followed-up through June-2021. We constructed diet and standardized lifestyle scores based on core WCRF/AICR recommendations on diet, alcohol intake, body size and physical activity, and additional scores incorporating weight change, sedentary behavior and smoking. Associations with cancer risk were estimated using Cox regression, adjusting for confounders.
Results: During follow-up (mean=16 years), 4,710 incident cancers were diagnosed. For highest quintile (‘most adherent’) of the standardized lifestyle score, compared with lowest (‘least adherent’), a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74 to 0.92] was observed for total cancer. This association was stronger with smoking included in the score (HR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.81). A higher score was associated with lower breast and prostate cancer risk for the standardized score, and with lung, stomach, rectal and pancreatic cancer risk when the score included smoking. Our analyses identified alcohol use, waist circumference and smoking as key drivers of associations with total cancer risk.
Conclusions: Adherence to WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations is associated with lower cancer risk.
Impact: With 0.2% of our sample fully adherent to the recommendations, the study emphasizes the vast potential for preventing cancer through modulation of lifestyle habits.
