Menée aux Etats-Unis en 2017 par enquête auprès de 14 560 participants, cette étude identifie les facteurs de risque associés au vapotage de nicotine, de marijuana et d'arômes de synthèse chez les jeunes

Use of E-Cigarettes for Nicotine, Marijuana, and Just Flavoring Among U.S. Youth

Dai, Hongying ; Siahpush, Mohammad

Introduction : E-cigarette use is gaining popularity among youth, but knowledge on patterns of youth vaping different substances is limited. This study examines risk factors associated with past-30-day self-reported vaping of nicotine, marijuana, and just flavoring among youth and the patterns (single, dual, and poly) of substances youth reported in their e-cigarettes. Methods : The 2017 Monitoring the Future survey was analyzed. Weighted estimates of substances that youth vaped were [...]

Mené aux Etats-Unis auprès de 264 fumeurs ne souhaitant pas arrêter de fumer immédiatement (âge médian : 47 ans ; 48% de femmes), cet essai randomisé évalue l'effet, sur leurs comportements tabagiques et du point de vue du taux de tabagisme et du niveau des biomarqueurs d'exposition au tabac, d'une information sur l'exposition aux produits toxiques et d'une incitation à recourir uniquement aux cigarettes électroniques

A Randomized Clinical Trial Examining the Effects of Instructions for Electronic Cigarette Use on Smoking-Related Behaviors, and Biomarkers of Exposure

Hatsukami, Dorothy ; Meier, Ellen ; Lindgren, Bruce R ; Anderson, Amanda ; Reisinger, Sarah ; Norton, Kaila ; Strayer, Lori ; Jensen, Joni ; Dick, Laura ; Murphy, Sharon ; Carmella, Steven ; Tang, Mei-Kuen ; Chen, Menglan ; Hecht, Stephen S ; O’Connor, Richard J ; Shields, Peter G

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have the potential to significantly reduce exposure to harmful constituents associated with cigarette smoking when smokers completely substitute cigarettes with e-cigarettes. This study examined patterns of e-cigarette and cigarette use, and extent of toxicant exposure, if smokers were instructed and incentivized to completely switch to e-cigarettes compared to instructions to use the product ad libitum.U.S. adult daily smokers (n =264; 48.3% female; Mage = [...]

Menée par questionnaire auprès de 1 406 étudiants (âge médian : 22 ans ; 67% de femmes), cette étude analyse la relation entre une exposition au tabac dans les bars ou les boîtes de nuit (publicités, échantillons gratuits ou commerciaux de l'industrie) et le nombre de produits tabagiques consommés 6 mois plus tard

Exposure to tobacco marketing in bars predicts subsequent use of multiple tobacco products among non-tobacco-using college students

Herrera, Ana Laura ; Pasch, Keryn E ; Marti, C Nathan ; Loukas, Alexandra ; Perry, Cheryl

Background : Due to other marketing restrictions, one venue where tobacco companies concentrate their marketing efforts to reach young adults is bars/nightclubs. Objective : This study examined the relationship between exposure to tobacco marketing in bars/nightclubs and number of alternative tobacco/nicotine products used 6 months later among college students. Methods : Participants were 1,406 students aged 18–29 years old who reported going to bars or nightclubs at least rarely (M age=21.95; [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis, en Australie et en Asie auprès de dix cohortes de 180 885 femmes au total, cette étude analyse l'association entre une perte de poids d'au moins 2 kilos après 50 ans et le risque de cancer du sein (6 930 cas)

Sustained weight loss and risk of breast cancer in women ≥50 years: a pooled analysis of prospective data

Teras, Lauren R ; Patel, Alpa V ; Wang, Molin ; Yaun, Shiaw-Shyuan ; Anderson, Kristin ; Brathwaite, Roderick ; Caan, Bette J ; Chen, Yu ; Connor, Avonne E ; Eliassen, A Heather ; Gapstur, Susan M ; Gaudet, Mia M ; Genkinger, Jeanine M ; Giles, Graham G ; Lee, I-Min ; Milne, Roger L ; Robien, Kim ; Sawada, Norie ; Sesso, Howard D ; Stampfer, Meir J ; Tamimi, Rulla M ; Thomson, Cynthia A ; Tsugane, Shoichiro ; Visvanathan, Kala ; Willett, Walter C ; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne ; Smith-Warner, Stephanie A

Excess body weight is an established cause of postmenopausal breast cancer, but it is unknown if weight loss reduces risk.Associations between weight change and risk of breast cancer were examined among women aged ≥50 years in the Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer. In 10 cohorts, weight assessed on three surveys was used to examine weight change patterns over approximately 10 years (Interval 1 median= 5.2 years; Interval 2 median = 4.0 years). Sustained weight loss was [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de données de la cohorte "Sister study" portant sur 45 744 femmes (âge moyen : 55,4 ans ; durée médiane de suivi : 8,6 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre une consommation de thé (fréquence et quantité) et le risque de cancer du sein (2 809 cas)

Tea consumption and breast cancer risk in a cohort of women with family history of breast cancer

Zhang, Dongyu ; Nichols, Hazel B. ; Troester, Melissa ; Cai, Jianwen ; Bensen, Jeannette T. ; Sandler, Dale P.

Laboratory studies have observed chemopreventive effects of black and green tea on breast cancer development, but few epidemiologic studies have identified such effects. We investigated the association between tea consumption and breast cancer risk using data from 45,744 U.S. and Puerto Rican women participating in the Sister Study. Frequency and serving size of black and green tea consumption were measured at cohort enrollment. Breast cancer diagnoses were reported during follow-up and [...]

Menée au Danemark à partir de données portant sur 26 339 hommes (durée médiane de suivi : 17 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre une utilisation d'aspirine ou d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens et le risque de cancer de la prostate (1 927 cas), en fonction de la dose utilisée, de mesures anthropométriques et de facteurs liés au mode de vie

Associations of low-dose aspirin or other NSAID use with prostate cancer risk in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study

Skriver, Charlotte ; Dehlendorff, Christian ; Borre, Michael ; Brasso, Klaus ; Larsen, Signe Benzon ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Pottegård, Anton ; Hallas, Jesper ; Sørensen, Henrik Toft ; Friis, Søren

Purpose : Epidemiologic studies suggest that use of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce prostate cancer risk. We examined these associations overall and according to clinical and lifestyle parameters. Methods : We identified male participants in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study (n = 26,339), holding information on anthropometric measures and lifestyle factors. From Danish nationwide registries and medical records, we retrieved complete prescription [...]

Mené aux Etats-Unis entre 2011 et 2013 auprès de 32 personnes souffrant d'obésité et ayant des antécédents d'adénome colorectal (âge médian : 59 ans ; 71,9% d'hommes), cet essai multicentrique de phase IIa évalue l'effet de la metformine administrée quotidiennement pendant 12 semaines sur le risque de cancer colorectal

A Phase IIa Trial of Metformin for Colorectal Cancer Risk Reduction among Individuals with History of Colorectal Adenomas and Elevated Body Mass Index

Zell, Jason A. ; McLaren, Christine E. ; Morgan, Timothy R. ; Lawson, Michael J ; Rezk, Sherif ; Albers, C. Gregory ; Chen, Wen-Pin ; Carmichael, Joseph C ; Chung, Jinah ; Richmond, Ellen ; Rodriguez, L M ; Szabo, Eva ; Ford, Leslie G ; Pollak, Michael N. ; Meyskens, Frank L.

Obesity is associated with risk of colorectal adenoma (CRA) and colorectal cancer (CRC). The signaling pathway activated by metformin (LKB1/AMPK/mTOR) is implicated in tumor suppression in ApcMin/+ mice via metformin-induced reduction in polyp burden, increased ratio of pAMPK/AMPK, decreased pmTOR/mTOR ratio, and decreased pS6Ser235/S6Ser235 ratio in polyps. We hypothesized that metformin would affect colorectal tissue S6Ser235 among obese patients with recent history of CRA. A phase IIa [...]

Mené entre 2003 et 2012 sur 3 864 femmes à haut risque de cancer du sein et ménopausées (âge médian : 59,4 ans ; durée médiane de suivi : 131 mois), cet essai randomisé international évalue l'efficacité de l'anastrozole dans la prévention de la maladie au-delà des 5 années de traitement

Use of anastrozole for breast cancer prevention (IBIS-II): long-term results of a randomised controlled trial

Cuzick, Jack ; Sestak, Ivana ; Forbes, John F. ; Dowsett, Mitch ; Cawthorn, Simon ; Mansel, Robert E. ; Loibl, Sibylle ; Bonanni, Bernardo ; Evans, D. Gareth ; Howell, Anthony

Background : Two large clinical trials have shown a reduced rate of breast cancer development in high-risk women in the initial 5 years of follow-up after use of aromatase inhibitors (MAP.3 and International Breast Cancer Intervention Study II [IBIS-II]). Here, we report blinded long-term follow-up results for the IBIS-II trial, which compared anastrozole with placebo, with the objective of determining the efficacy of anastrozole for preventing breast cancer (both invasive and ductal carcinoma [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 1 724 patientes afro-américaines atteintes d'un cancer du sein et de 1 233 témoins (âge : 20-75 ans), cette étude analyse l'effet de la vitamine D (apportée par l'alimentation, une supplémentation ou synthétisée sous l'effet des rayons solaires) et d'un apport en calcium sur le risque de développer la maladie, par sous-types (ER+, ER- ou triple négatif)

Intake of vitamin D and calcium, sun exposure, and risk of breast cancer subtypes among black women

Qin, Bo ; Xu, Baichen ; Ji, Nan ; Yao, Song ; Pawlish, Karen ; Llanos, Adana A M ; Lin, Yong ; Demissie, Kitaw ; Ambrosone, Christine B ; Hong, Chi-Chen ; Bandera, Elisa V

The randomized placebo-controlled Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial suggested a possible benefit of vitamin D on cancer incidence among black individuals. However, data are limited regarding the impact of vitamin D on breast cancer subtypes among African-American/black women, who tend to develop more aggressive forms of breast cancer.We hypothesize that more vitamin D exposure (through diet, supplements, and sunlight) and higher intake of calcium are associated with decreased risk of estrogen [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude analyse l'effet chimiopréventif d'une administration pulsatile d'erlotinib combinée à de faibles doses intermittentes ou continues de naproxène sur le développement d'un cancer de la vessie

Combination of erlotinib and naproxen employing pulsatile or intermittent dosing profoundly inhibits urinary bladder cancers

Mohammed, Altaf ; Miller, Mark Steven ; Lubet, Ronald A ; Suen, Chen S ; Sei, Shizuko ; Shoemaker, Robert H. ; Juliana, Margaret M ; Moeinpour, Fariba L ; Grubbs, Clinton J.

Daily dosing of either non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or EGFR inhibitors has been shown to prevent bladder cancer development in a N-butyl-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (OH-BBN) induced rat model. However, these inhibitors cause gastrointestinal ulceration and acneiform rash, respectively, limiting their continuous use in a clinical prevention setting. We studied chemopreventive efficacy of pulsatile dosing of EGFR inhibitor erlotinib (42 mg/kg BW, once/week) combined with [...]

Cette étude estime l'effet et le rapport coût-efficacité d'une extension jusqu'à 45 ans du programme national de vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain pour les femmes et les hommes aux Etats-Unis

Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Through Age 45 Years in the United States

Laprise, Jean-François ; Chesson, Harrell W. ; Markowitz, Lauri E. ; Drolet, Mélanie ; Martin, Dave ; Bénard, Élodie ; Brisson, Marc

In the United States, the routine age for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is 11 to 12 years, with catch-up vaccination through age 26 years for women and 21 years for men. U.S. vaccination policy on use of the 9-valent HPV vaccine in adult women and men is being reviewed.To evaluate the added population-level effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of extending the current U.S. HPV vaccination program to women aged 27 to 45 years and men aged 22 to 45 years.The analysis used HPV-ADVISE [...]

Mené en Finlande sur 11 275 filles et 6 129 garçons nés en 1994 ou 1995, cet essai randomisé évalue l'efficacité, du point de vue de la réduction de la prévalence du papillomavirus humain dans des prélèvements oropharyngés, du vaccin "AS04-HPV-16/18" (durée de suivi : 3 à 6 ans après la vaccination)

Effectiveness of the AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16/18 vaccine in reducing oropharyngeal HPV infections in young females—Results from a community-randomized trial

Lehtinen, Matti ; Apter, Dan ; Eriksson, Tiina ; Harjula, Katja ; Hokkanen, Mari ; Lehtinen, Tuomas ; Natunen, Kari ; Damaso, Silvia ; Soila, Maaria ; Bi, Dan ; Struyf, Frank

We studied effectiveness of the AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16/18 (AS04-HPV-16/18) vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) oropharyngeal infections associated with the increase of head/neck cancers in western countries. All 38,631 resident adolescents from 1994 to 1995 birth cohorts of 33 Finnish communities were invited in this community-randomized trial (NCT00534638). During 2008–2009, 11,275 girls and 6,129 boys were enrolled in three arms of 11 communities each. In Arm A, 90% of vaccinated [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni par enquête auprès de 2 217 personnes âgées d'au moins 16 ans, cette étude analyse l'impact, en 2018, d'une campagne de prévention avertissant sur les dangers de la cigarette et promouvant les cigarettes électroniques en tant qu'aide au sevrage tabagique

Evaluation of the impact of a regional educational advertising campaign on harm perceptions of e-cigarettes, prevalence of e-cigarette use, and quit attempts among smokers

Tattan-Birch, Harry ; Jackson, Sarah E ; Ide, Charlotte ; Bauld, Linda ; Shahab, Lion

We evaluated how effective an advertising campaign that was piloted by Cancer Research UK in January/February 2018 was at promoting quit attempts by increasing awareness of the relative harms of e-cigarettes compared with smoking.Adults (≥16 years, n = 2217) living in Greater Manchester (campaign region) and Yorkshire & Humber and the North East of England (control regions) completed cross-sectional surveys immediately before and after the campaign period. Surveys measured [...]

Menée en Suède sur la période 1999-2017 à partir de données portant sur 179 851 appels téléphoniques traités par la "Swedish National Tobacco Quitline", cette étude analyse l'effet, sur le nombre de demandes d'aide au sevrage tabagique, de différentes campagnes et politiques anti-tabac

Effect of tobacco control policies on the Swedish smoking quitline using intervention time-series analysis

Zhou, Xingwu ; Crippa, Alessio ; Danielsson, Anna-Karin ; Galanti, Maria R ; Orsini, Nicola

Objectives : To coherently examine the responsiveness of the Swedish National Tobacco Quitline (SNTQ) to different types of anti-smoking policies over an extended period of calendar time. Design : Quasi-experimental design with an intervention time-series analysis based on 19 years series of data collected between January 1999 and August 2017 (224 months). Statistical inference on calling rates and rate ratios was obtained using intervention time-series models (Poisson regression and transfer [...]

Mené en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas et en Autriche sur 137 jeunes ayant reçu une greffe d'organe (âge : 5-22 ans) et à l'aide de trois enquêtes de suivi, cet essai randomisé évalue l'effet d'une intervention de prévention concernant la protection solaire (formation en ligne et/ou sms ou lettres d'information) sur leurs connaissances et les comportements associés

Randomised controlled trial to evaluate the influence of mHealth and eHealth skin cancer prevention education among young organ transplant recipients: the HIPPOlino intervention study

Böttcher, Silke ; Buck, Christoph ; Zeeb, Hajo ; Laschewski, Gudrun ; Hauer, Carolin ; Wagner, Gunnar ; Sachse, Michael Max

Objectives : To determine whether a multicomponent sun protection intervention programme (mHealth) for young organ transplant recipients (OTR) leads to a higher increase of preventive knowledge and behavioural change than an e-learning education programme (eHealth). Design : Randomised controlled trial with one preintervention baseline survey and three follow-up surveys after 6 weeks, 6 and 12 months. Comparison of two different intervention schedules with a control group (CG). Setting : [...]