Menée en Italie à partir d'entretiens réalisés entre 2014 et 2016 auprès d'un échantillon de 106 000 personnes, cette étude évalue, en fonction de leurs caractéristiques socio-économiques, l'association entre des comportements à risque, la présence de maladies chroniques et leur participation aux programmes de dépistage du cancer colorectal, du cancer du col de l'utérus ou du cancer du sein

Associations between cervical, breast and colorectal cancer screening uptake, chronic diseases and health-related behaviours: Data from the Italian PASSI nationwide surveillance

Venturelli, Francesco ; Sampaolo, Letizia ; Carrozzi, Giuliano ; Zappa, Marco ; Rossi, Paolo Giorgi

Screening programmes have been proposed as a privileged setting for health promotion interventions. We aim to assess the associations between behavioural risk factors, chronic conditions and diseases and cervical, breast and colorectal cancer screening uptake. Secondly, we aim to assess whether these associations are due to underlying differences in socioeconomic characteristics. In Italy, a random sample was interviewed by the PASSI surveillance (106,000 interviews) in 2014–2016. Screening [...]

Mené sur un modèle de poule, cette étude évalue les effets préventifs de la génistéine, principale isoflavone du soja, sur le développement du cancer de l'ovaire

Genistein Prevents Development of Spontaneous Ovarian Cancer and inhibits Tumor Growth in Hen Model

Sahin, Kazim ; Yenice, Engin ; Bilir, Birdal ; Orhan, Cemal ; Tuzcu, Mehmet ; Sahin, Nurhan ; Ozercan, Ibrahim H. ; Kabil, Nashwa ; Ozpolat, Bulent ; Kucuk, Omer

Genistein, the major isoflavone in soybean, has been reported to exert anticancer effects on various types of cancer including ovarian cancer; however, its chemopreventive effects and mechanisms of action in ovarian cancer have not been fully elucidated in spontaneously developing ovarian cancer models. In the present study, we demonstrated the preventive effects and mechanisms of genistein in the laying hen model that develops spontaneous ovarian cancer at high incidence rates. Laying hens [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (23 études, 1 171 048 participantes, 41 516 cas), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre une consommation de folates et le risque de cancer du sein, en fonction du statut des récepteurs des œstrogènes et des récepteurs de la progestérone

Folate intake and the risk of breast cancer: an up-to-date meta-analysis of prospective studies

Zeng, Jie ; Wang, Kun ; Ye, Fayin ; Lei, Lin ; Zhou, Yun ; Chen, Jia ; Zhao, Guohua ; Chang, Hui

Epidemiological studies focusing on the association between folate and breast cancer risk reported inconsistent findings. We conducted a systematic search of the literature using PubMed and EMBASE databases. A total of 23 prospective studies involving 41,516 cases and 1,171,048 individuals were included for meta-analysis. Folate intake may decrease the risk of oestrogen receptor (ER) negative (−) and ER-/progesterone receptor (PR)- breast cancer, with pooled risk ratios (RRs) of 0.88 [95% [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de données portant sur 1 281 patients atteints d'un cancer non invasif de la vessie, cette étude de cohorte prospective évalue l'association entre l'alimentation, divers facteurs liés au mode de vie et le risque de progression ou de récidive de la maladie, en fonction de caractéristiques génétiques

The Be-Well Study: a prospective cohort study of lifestyle and genetic factors to reduce the risk of recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Kwan, Marilyn L. ; Kushi, Lawrence H. ; Danforth, Kim N. ; Roh, Janise M. ; Ergas, Isaac J. ; Lee, Valerie S. ; Cannavale, Kimberly L. ; Harrison, Teresa N. ; Contreras, Richard ; Loo, Ronald K. ; Aaronson, David S. ; Quesenberry, Charles P. ; Tritchler, David ; Ghai, Nirupa R. ; Quinn, Virginia P. ; Ambrosone, Christine B. ; Zhang, Yuesheng ; Tang, Li

Purpose : Bladder cancer is one of the top five cancers diagnosed in the U.S. with a high recurrence rate, and also one of the most expensive cancers to treat over the life-course. However, there are few observational, prospective studies of bladder cancer survivors. Methods : The Bladder Cancer Epidemiology, Wellness, and Lifestyle Study (Be-Well Study) is a National Cancer Institute-funded, multi-center prospective cohort study of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients (Stage Ta, [...]

Cette étude américaine analyse les pratiques de vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain chez les jeunes filles âgées entre 13 et 15 ans et présente un estimation de la proportion de jeunes filles ayant achevé le cycle de vaccination

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Before 13 and 15 Years of Age: Analysis of National Immunization Survey Teen Data

Bednarczyk, Robert A. ; Ellingson, Mallory K. ; Omer, Saad B.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is suboptimally used in the United States. Vaccination before the 13th birthday is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and vaccination before the 15th birthday requires only 2 doses. We estimated the proportion of adolescents up to date for HPV vaccine using provider-verified vaccination data from the 2016 National Immunization Survey-Teen. Only 16% of US adolescents completed HPV vaccination before turning 13, and 35% completed [...]

Menée au Canada auprès de 31 442 jeunes filles âgées de plus de 9 ans, cette étude analyse l'efficacité d'un programme de vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain (vaccin quadrivalent) mené en milieu scolaire pour réduire le risque de dysplasie cervicale intraépithéliale

Effectiveness of school-based and high-risk human papillomavirus vaccination programs against cervical dysplasia in Manitoba, Canada

Righolt, Christiaan H. ; Bozat-Emre, Songul ; Mahmud, Salaheddin M

The effectiveness of a vaccination program is influenced by its design and implementation details and by the target population characteristics. Using routinely collected population-based individual-level data, we assessed the effectiveness (against cervical dysplasia) of Manitoba's quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) routine school-based vaccination program and a short-lived campaign that targeted women at high-risk of developing cervical cancer. Females ≥9 years old who received the qHPV [...]

Menée en Corée auprès de 45 686 fumeurs ou anciens fumeurs ayant arrêté le tabac récemment (moins d'un an avant le début de l'enquête), cette étude analyse l'effet du prix du tabac sur les comportements tabagiques, en fonction de facteurs socioéconomiques et démographiques

The price of tobacco and its effects on smoking behaviors in Korea: The 2015 Korea Community Health Survey

Han, Mi Ah

This study investigated the effects of the price of tobacco on smoking behaviors in Korean adult smokers using a population-based survey. Current smokers or former smokers who quit smoking <1 year prior to the survey were selected from the data of 2015 Korea Community Health Survey (N = 45,686). The effects of the price of tobacco on smoking behaviors were measured. The major effects were defined as quitting, reducing smoking and using electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Chi-square tests and [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à l'aide d'une simulation, cette étude estime, sur la période 2010-2020, le rapport coût-efficacité de diverses interventions visant à réduire le tabagisme

Simulated impacts and potential cost effectiveness of communities putting prevention to work: Tobacco control interventions in 21 U.S. communities, 2010–2020

Honeycutt, Amanda ; Bradley, Christina ; Khavjou, Olga ; Yarnoff, Benjamin ; Soler, Robin ; Orenstein, Diane

In 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded communities to implement policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) changes under the Communities Putting Prevention to Work (CPPW) program to make it easier for people to make healthier choices to prevent chronic disease. Twenty-one of 50 funded communities implemented interventions intended to reduce tobacco use. To examine the potential cost-effectiveness of tobacco control changes implemented under CPPW from a healthcare [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis, cette étude évalue l'effet des lois concernant l'âge minimum légal pour l'achat de la cigarette électronique sur les pratiques tabagiques, la consommation d'alcool et de marijuana chez les jeunes

The effects of e-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws on youth substance use

Dave, Dhaval ; Feng, Bo ; Pesko, Michael F.

We use difference-in-differences models and individual-level data from the national and state Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System from 2005 to 2015 to examine the effects of e-cigarette minimum legal sale age (MLSA) laws on youth cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and marijuana use. Our results suggest that these laws increased youth smoking participation by about one percentage point and approximately half of the increased smoking participation could be attributed to smoking [...]

Cet article présente les défis liés à l'augmentation de la cessation tabagique aux Etats-Unis en suggérant notamment d'améliorer les traitements pour l'abandon du tabac et d'augmenter leur disponibilité en vente libre

Increasing smoking cessation in the United States: Expanding the availability of over-the-counter medications

Leischow, S. J.

US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently reported that cigarette smoking (defined as smoking every day or only on some days) reached a record low in 2017 with a decline to 14% among US adults.1 Tobacco-associated morbidity has likewise declined steadily in the United States, but remains the leading preventable cause of death for an estimated 480 000 individuals each year.1 This continued decline in smoking prevalence is an outstanding public health success, but the United States [...]

Menée en Italie entre 2014 et 2018 par entretiens auprès de 15 406 participants, cette étude évalue l'effet de l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique sur les pratiques tabagiques (début de l'utilisation de la cigarette classique, arrêt du tabac, récidive)

Electronic cigarettes in Italy: a tool for harm reduction or a gateway to smoking tobacco?

Liu, Xiaoqiu ; Lugo, Alessandra ; Davoli, Enrico ; GORINI, Giuseppe ; Pacifici, Roberta ; Fernández, Esteve ; GALLUS, Silvano

Introduction : More than a decade after electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) hit the European market, we are still debating whether they may help or hinder tobacco control. It is therefore useful to explore the potential net effect of e-cigarette use in the general population. Methods : We annually conduct a face-to-face survey on smoking in Italy on a representative sample of the general population aged 15 years or over (52.4 million). A total of 15 406 subjects were interviewed in 2014–2018. [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 224 fumeurs afro-américains et de 225 fumeurs de type caucasien participant à une intervention pour la cessation tabagique comportant un traitement par varénicline et des sessions de conseils, cette étude identifie les facteurs socioéconomiques, biologiques, psychosociaux et comportementaux associés aux disparités ethniques dans l'abstinence tabagique

Factors that Explain Differences in Abstinence between Black and White Smokers: A Prospective Intervention Study

Nollen, Nicole L. ; Mayo, Matthew S. ; Cox, Lisa Sanderson ; Benowitz, Neal L. ; Tyndale, Rachel F. ; Ellerbeck, Edward F. ; Scheuermann, Taneisha S. ; Ahluwalia, Jasjit S.

Background : Black-White differences in smoking abstinence are not well understood. This trial sought to confirm previously reported differences in quitting between Blacks and Whites and identify factors underlying this difference. Methods : During enrollment, 224 Black and 225 White low-income smokers were stratified on race and within race on age and sex to ensure balance on these factors known to impact abstinence. The intervention included varenicline for 12 weeks and 6 guideline-based [...]