A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (8 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre une exposition à des polluants organiques persistants et à des pesticides et le risque de développer un cancer de la thyroïde

Persistent organic pollutants, pesticides, and the risk of thyroid cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Han, Mi Ah ; Kim, Jin Hwa ; Song, Han Soo

Previous epidemiological studies have reported persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and some nonpersistent pesticides and the risk of thyroid cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the association between exposure to POPs, pesticides, and thyroid cancer by carrying out a meta-analysis. Literature searches were performed using PubMed, Embase, and reference lists of relevant articles. Summary risk estimates for thyroid cancer were calculated using fixed-effects and random-effects models. In [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis, cette étude analyse les disparités ethniques dans l'association entre une infection par le VIH et le risque de cancer lié à une infection par le papillomavirus humain (HPV), puis évalue les disparités dans la survie (période de suivi : 864 067 personnes-années ; 502 cas de cancer liés au HPV)

Disparities in human papillomavirus–related cancer incidence and survival among human immunodeficiency virus–infected hispanics living in the United States

Ortiz, Ana P. ; Engels, Eric A. ; Nogueras-González, Graciela M. ; Colón-López, Vivian ; Soto-Salgado, Marievelisse ; Vargas, Alicia ; Machin, Mark ; Shiels, Meredith S.

Background : Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes 10% of cancers among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected people in the United States. Because Hispanics are disproportionally affected by the HIV epidemic and by infection-related cancers, this study compared incidence rates for HPV-related cancers and survival between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) and non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) in the HIV-infected US population. Methods : Based on data from the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study, [...]

Menée en Suède à partir du séquençage du génome du papillomavirus humain de type 16 (HPV16) présent dans des échantillons cervicaux prélevés sur 242 femmes ayant par la suite développé un cancer du col de l'utérus in situ (pour 134 d'entre elles) ou invasif (pour 92 d'entre elles) ou n'ayant pas développé de cancer (16 femmes), cette étude identifie de nouveaux polymorphismes du HPV16 impliqués dans le développement de la maladie

Human papillomavirus type 16 genomic variation in women with subsequent in situ or invasive cervical cancer: prospective population-based study

Arroyo-Mühr, Laila Sara ; Lagheden, Camilla ; Hultin, Emilie ; Eklund, Carina ; Adami, Hans-Olov ; Dillner, Joakim ; Sundström, Karin

Background : HPV genomic variation may be involved in viral carcinogenesis. Methods : In a national register-based nested case–control study, we retrieved archival smears from baseline cytologically normal women who later developed cancer in situ (CIS), squamous cervical cancer (SCC) or remained free of disease. These smears were previously HPV tested by PCR and HPV16 was the strongest risk factor. We now used the Illumina NextSeq platform to sequence HPV16 genomes in cervical smears from 242 [...]

Menée à partir de données d'un essai randomisé néerlandais incluant 2 524 participants et évaluant l'efficacité d'une supplémentation en acide folique et en vitamine B12 pour prévenir le risque de fractures ostéoporotiques, cette étude évalue le risque total de cancer et le risque de cancer colorectal induits par cette supplémentation

Folic acid and vitamin-B12 supplementation and the risk of cancer: long-term follow-up of the B-vitamins for the Prevention Of Osteoporotic Fractures (B-PROOF) trial

Oliai Araghi, Sadaf ; Kiefte-de Jong, Jessica C. ; Dijk, Suzanne C. van ; Swart, Karin M.A. ; van Laarhoven, Hanneke W ; Schoor, Natasja M van ; de Groot, Lisette C.P.G.M. ; Lemmens, Valery ; Stricker, Bruno H.Ch. ; Uitterlinden, André G. ; Velde, Nathalie van der

Background: Folic acid and vitamin-B12 play key roles in one-carbon metabolism. Disruption of one-carbon metabolism may be involved in the risk of cancer. Our aim was to assess the long-term effect of supplementation with both folic acid and vitamin-B12 on the incidence of overall cancer and on colorectal cancer in the B-PROOF trial. Methods: Long-term follow-up of B-PROOF trial participants (N=2,524), a multi-center, double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial designed to assess the [...]

Couplée aux données de la cohorte américaine "Nurses' Health Study", cette étude évalue l'association entre le niveau plasmatique de folates, de vitamines B12 et de métabolites du carbone, et le risque de cancer du sein, avant et après la mise en place d'un programme national de supplémentation en acide folique

Plasma B-vitamin and one-carbon metabolites and risk of breast cancer before and after folic acid fortification in the US

Houghton, Serena C. ; Eliassen, A. Heather ; Zhang, Shumin M. ; Selhub, Jacob ; Rosner, Bernard A. ; Willett, Walter C. ; Hankinson, Susan E.

Prior epidemiologic findings for plasma folate and B-vitamins and breast cancer risk are inconsistent and have not assessed the influence of folic acid fortification. Therefore, we examined the associations of plasma folate, B12, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), homocysteine, cysteine, and cysteinylglycine with breast cancer risk, before and after fortification. We conducted a nested case-control study within the prospective Nurses' Health Study. In 1989-1990 (pre-fortification), 32,826 women [...]

A partir de données de 4 projets portant sur l'analyse de 23 types de cancer, cet article évalue l'association entre la taille de l'individu, le nombre de cellules, le taux de division cellulaire et le risque de cancer

Size matters: height, cell number and a person's risk of cancer

Nunney, Leonard

The multistage model of carcinogenesis predicts cancer risk will increase with tissue size, since more cells provide more targets for oncogenic somatic mutation. However, this increase is not seen among mammal species of different sizes (Peto's paradox), a paradox argued to be due to larger species evolving added cancer suppression. If this explanation is correct, the cell number effect is still expected within species. Consistent with this, the hazard ratio for overall cancer risk per 10 cm [...]