Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de données portant sur 99 654 participants âgés entre 55 et 74 ans, cette étude de cohorte évalue l'association entre une consommation d'alcool mesurée tout au long de la vie, le risque de cancer et la mortalité (durée médiane de suivi : 8,9 ans ; 12 763 cas de cancer ; 9 599 décès)

The association of lifetime alcohol use with mortality and cancer risk in older adults: A cohort study

Kunzmann, Andrew T. ; Coleman, Helen G. ; Huang, Wen-Yi ; Berndt, Sonja I.

Background : While current research is largely consistent as to the harms of heavy drinking in terms of both cancer incidence and mortality, there are disparate messages regarding the safety of light-moderate alcohol consumption, which may confuse public health messages. We aimed to evaluate the association between average lifetime alcohol intakes and risk of both cancer incidence and mortality. Methods and findings : We report a population-based cohort study using data from 99,654 adults [...]

A partir des données de 19 cohortes prospectives incluant 758 592 participantes avant la ménopause (âge médian : 40,6 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'indice de masse corporelle mesuré entre 18 et 54 ans et le risque de cancer du sein (durée médiane de suivi : 9,3 ans ; 13 082 cas)

Association of body mass index and age with subsequent breast cancer risk in premenopausal women

The Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative, Group

Importance : The association between increasing body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and risk of breast cancer is unique in cancer epidemiology in that a crossover effect exists, with risk reduction before and risk increase after menopause. The inverse association with premenopausal breast cancer risk is poorly characterized but might be important in the understanding of breast cancer causation. Objective : To investigate the association [...]

Menée en France à partir de données portant sur 818 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate et sur 875 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre le travail de nuit et le risque de cancer de la prostate

Night work and prostate cancer risk: results from the EPICAP Study

Wendeu-Foyet, Méyomo Gaelle ; Bayon, Virginie ; Cenée, Sylvie ; Tretarre, Brigitte ; Rebillard, Xavier ; Cancel-Tassin, Geraldine ; Cussenot, Olivier ; Lamy, Pierre-Jean ; Faraut, Brice ; Ben Khedher, Soumaya ; Léger, Damien ; Menegaux, Florence

Objective :To investigate the role of night work in prostate cancer based on data from the EPICAP Study. Methods EPICAP is a French population-based case-control study including 818 incident prostate cancer cases and 875 frequency-matched controls that have been interviewed face to face on several potential risk factors including lifetime occupational history. Detailed information on work schedules for each job (permanent or rotating night work, duration, total number of nights, length of the [...]

Menée en Australie à partir de données portant sur 588 hommes homosexuels ou bisexuels âgés de plus de 35 ans, cette étude de cohorte analyse l'association entre une séropositivité à l'un des 10 types de papillomavirus humain (HPV), une infection anale par le HPV, des lésions intra-épithéliales épidermoïdes de haut grade et le risque de cancer de l'anus

Human Papillomavirus Seroprevalence and Association with Anal HPV Infection and Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Australian Gay and Bisexual Men

Poynten, Isobel M. ; Waterboer, Tim ; Jin, Fengyi ; Templeton, David J. ; Hillman, Richard J. ; Law, Carmella ; Cornall, Alyssa ; Tabrizi, Sepehr ; Roberts, Jennifer M. ; Garland, Suzanne M. ; Fairley, Christopher K. ; Grulich, Andrew E.

Background: Gay and bisexual men (GBM) are at disproportionately high risk of anal cancer. The precursor lesions, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), are very common and it is evident that not all HSIL progresses to cancer. The serologic response to anal human papillomavirus (HPV) in GBM has not been well characterized. Methods: The Study of the Prevention of Anal Cancer is an ongoing cohort study of GBM ages 35 years and older. At six visits over three years, anal samples are [...]

Menée aux Pays-Bas à partir de données portant sur 1 550 femmes porteuses d'une mutation BRCA1 et 964 femmes porteuses d'une mutation BRCA2, cette étude analyse l'association entre une stimulation ovarienne pour une fécondation in vitro (76 femmes) et le risque de cancer du sein (938 cas de cancer)

Ovarian stimulation for IVF and risk of primary breast cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers

Derks-Smeets, Inge A. P. ; Schrijver, Lieske H. ; de Die-Smulders, Christine E. M. ; Tjan-Heijnen, Vivianne C. G. ; van Golde, Ron J. T. ; Smits, Luc J. ; Caanen, Beppy ; van Asperen, Christi J. ; Ausems, Margreet ; Collée, Margriet ; van Engelen, Klaartje ; Kets, C. Marleen ; van der Kolk, Lizet ; Oosterwijk, Jan C. ; van Os, Theo A. M. ; Rookus, Matti A. ; van Leeuwen, Flora E. ; Gómez Garcia, Encarna B.

Background : The effect of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) on breast cancer risk for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers is rarely examined. As carriers may increasingly undergo IVF as part of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), we examined the impact of ovarian stimulation for IVF on breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Methods : The study population consisted of 1550 BRCA1 and 964 BRCA2 mutation carriers, derived from the nationwide HEBON study and the nationwide PGD registry. [...]

Menée en Norvège à partir de données portant sur 46 428 participantes au programme national de dépistage du cancer du sein et âgées entre 49 et 71 ans, cette étude de cohorte analyse l'association entre la densité volumétrique mammaire, d'autres facteurs tels que l'âge, le statut ménopausique, l'indice de masse corporelle, et le risque de cancer du sein

Volumetric mammographic density, age-related decline, and breast cancer risk factors in a national breast cancer screening program

Hjerkind, Kirsti Vik ; Ellingjord-Dale, Merete ; Johansson, Anna L.V. ; Aase, Hildegunn Siv ; Hoff, Solveig Roth ; Hofvind, Solveig ; Fagerheim, Siri ; dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel ; Ursin, Giske

Background: Volumetric mammographic density (VMD) measures can be obtained automatically, but it is not clear how these relate to breast cancer risk factors. Methods: The cohort consisted of 46 428 women (aged 49-71 years) who participated in BreastScreen Norway between 2007 and 2014 and had information on VMD and breast cancer risk factors. We estimated means of percent and absolute VMD associated with age, menopausal status, body mass index (BMI), and other factors. Results: The associations [...]

A partir des données des cohortes "Nurses’ Health Study' et "Health Professionals Follow-Up Study", cette étude évalue l'association entre l'évolution de mesures anthropométriques tout au long de la vie (hauteur, tour de taille, indice de masse corporelle, type corporel) et le risque de gliome (508 cas)

Height, waist circumference, body mass index, and body somatotype across the life course and risk of glioma

Cote, David J. ; Downer, Mary K. ; Smith, Timothy R. ; Smith-Warner, Stephanie A. ; Egan, Kathleen M. ; Stampfer, Meir J.

Purpose : Recent studies have suggested height as a risk factor for glioma, but less is known regarding body mass index (BMI) or other anthropomorphic measures. We evaluated the association between body habitus and risk of glioma. Methods : We evaluated the association of measures of height, BMI, waist circumference, and somatotypes with risk of glioma in two prospective cohorts, the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Results : We documented 508 incident cases of [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature, cette étude fait le point sur l'intérêt et les limites de la méthode de randomisation mendélienne pour analyser l'étiologie des cancers

Causal inference in cancer epidemiology: what is the role of Mendelian randomization?

Yarmolinsky, James ; Wade, Kaitlin H ; Richmond, Rebecca C ; Langdon, Ryan J ; Bull, Caroline J ; Tilling, Kate M. ; Relton, Caroline L. ; Lewis, Sarah J. ; Davey Smith, George ; Martin, Richard M.

Observational epidemiological studies are prone to confounding, measurement error, and reverse causation, undermining robust causal inference. Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic variants to proxy modifiable exposures to generate more reliable estimates of the causal effects of these exposures on diseases and their outcomes. MR has seen widespread adoption within cardio-metabolic epidemiology, but also holds much promise for identifying possible interventions for cancer prevention and [...]