A partir d'une revue de la littérature (56 articles), cet article analyse les relations causales entre activité physique, adiposité et risque de cancer

An Integrative Approach for Deciphering the Causal Associations of Physical Activity and Cancer Risk: The Role of Adiposity

Giovannucci, Edward

Higher physical activity levels have been associated with about 10% to 25% reductions in up to 13 cancers. In isolation, these results are suggestive but not compelling enough to conclude causal associations, except for colon and breast cancer. However, knowledge on the relationships between obesity and cancer, between physical activity and overall and visceral adiposity, and between physical activity and obesity-related mediators of cancer risk can inform the epidemiology of physical activity [...]

Menée à partir des données de 236 enquêtes réalisées dans 70 pays auprès d'un total de 107 527 étudiants en médecine, pharmacie, odontologie ou en soins infirmiers, cette étude évalue, en fonction du sexe et des pays, la prévalence du tabagisme chez ces étudiants, puis analyse leurs perceptions vis-à-vis des formations dispensées en matière de sevrage tabagique

Prevalence of tobacco use and perceptions of student health professionals about cessation training: results from Global Health Professions Students Survey

Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. ; Ramakrishnareddy, N. ; Rahman, Mahbubur ; Mir, Imtiyaz Ali

Introduction : Health professionals play an important role in providing advice to their patients about tobacco prevention and cessation. Health professionals who use tobacco may be deterred from providing cessation advice and counselling to their patients. We aimed to provide prevalence estimates of tobacco use among student health professionals and describe their attitudes towards tobacco cessation training. Methods : Country-wise aggregate data from the Global Health Professions Student [...]

Menée en Ecosse à partir de questionnaires auprès de 639 lycéens âgés de 15 à 16 ans, cette étude évalue la faisabilité d'une intervention destinée à promouvoir l'utilisation de crème solaire et l'auto-examen de la peau pour prévenir le risque de cancer cutané et détecter précocement une lésion cancéreuse

Promoting sunscreen use and skin self-examination to improve early detection and prevent skin cancer: quasi-experimental trial of an adolescent psycho-educational intervention

Hubbard, Gill ; Kyle, Richard G. ; Neal, Richard D. ; Marmara, Vincent ; Wang, Ziyan ; Dombrowski, Stephan U.

Background : Skin cancer rates are increasing. Interventions to increase adolescent sunscreen use and skin self-examination (SSE) are required. Methods : Quasi-experimental design; 1 control and 4 intervention group schools in Scotland, UK. Participants were 15–16 year old students on the school register. The intervention was a theoretically-informed (Common-Sense Model and Health Action Process Approach) 50-min presentation, delivered by a skin cancer specialist nurse and young adult skin [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur 758 829 femmes, cette étude évalue l'association entre la fréquence d'utilisation d'analgésiques (aspirine ou autres anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens, paracétamol) et le risque de développer un cancer de l'ovaire (3 514 cas)

Analgesic Use and Ovarian Cancer Risk: An Analysis in the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium

Trabert, Britton ; Poole, Elizabeth M. ; White, Emily ; Visvanathan, Kala ; Adami, Hans-Olov ; Anderson, Garnet L. ; Brasky, Theodore M. ; Brinton, Louise A. ; Fortner, Renée T. ; Gaudet, Mia ; Hartge, Patricia ; Hoffman-Bolton, Judith ; Jones, Michael ; Lacey, Jr James V. ; Larsson, Susanna C. ; Mackenzie, Gerardo G. ; Schouten, Leo J. ; Sandler, Dale P. ; O’Brien, Katie ; Patel, Alpa V. ; Peters, Ulrike ; Prizment, Anna ; Robien, Kim ; Setiawan, Wendy V. ; Swerdlow, Anthony ; van den Brandt, Piet A. ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Wilkens, Lynne R. ; Wolk, Alicja ; Wentzensen, Nicolas ; Tworoger, Shelley S. ; Ovarian Cancer Cohort, Consortium

Background : Aspirin use is associated with reduced risk of several cancers. A pooled analysis of 12 case–control studies showed a 10% decrease in ovarian cancer risk with regular aspirin use, which was stronger for daily and low-dose users. To prospectively investigate associations of analgesic use with ovarian cancer, we analyzed data from 13 studies in the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium (OC3). Methods : The current study included 758 829 women who at study enrollment self-reported [...]

Menée auprès de 536 patientes présentant une hyperplasie mammaire atypique ou un carcinome lobulaire in situ (âge moyen : 52 ans), cette étude évalue, du point de vue de la proportion des patientes ayant accepté un traitement chimiopréventif et ayant achevé ce traitement, l'efficacité d'une consultation personnalisée destinée d'une part à informer les patientes sur leurs risques de développer un cancer mammaire et, d'autre part, à les conseiller dans leur choix thérapeutique

Chemoprevention acceptance and adherence in women with high-risk breast lesions

Roche Constance, A. ; Tang, Rong ; Coopey Suzanne, B. ; Hughes Kevin, S.

Patients with atypical hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) (atypical breast lesions) are at high risk of developing breast cancer, and chemoprevention has been shown to confer a substantial reduction in that risk. Despite this, the overall rate of chemoprevention utilization in this group is low. This study evaluates the efficacy of a formal individualized education and counseling session on patient acceptance and adherence to chemoprevention. Patients with atypical breast lesions [...]

Menée au Canada à partir de données portant sur 290 939 adolescentes âgées de 12 à 17 ans, cette étude évalue le risque de maladies auto-immunes après une vaccination quadrivalente contre le papillomavirus humain

Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination in girls and the risk of autoimmune disorders: the Ontario Grade 8 HPV Vaccine Cohort Study

Liu, Erin Y. ; Smith, Leah M. ; Ellis, Anne K. ; Whitaker, Heather ; Law, Barbara ; Kwong, Jeffrey C. ; Farrington, Paddy ; Lévesque, Linda E.

BACKGROUND : Despite demonstrated effectiveness in real-world settings, concerns persist regarding the safety of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV4) vaccine. We sought to assess the risk of autoimmune disorders following HPV4 vaccination among grade 8 girls eligible for Ontario’s school-based HPV vaccination program. METHODS : We undertook a population-based retrospective cohort study using Ontario’s administrative health and vaccination databases from 2007 to 2013. The self-controlled [...]

Menée au Danemark, cette étude analyse le nombre de cancers colorectaux liés à une consommation de viande rouge et de viandes transformées, et présente une projection du nombre de cas évitables sur la période 2016-2045

Avoidable colorectal cancer cases in Denmark – The impact of red and processed meat

Lourenço, Sofia ; Gunge, Vibeke Berglund ; Andersson, Therese M. L. ; Andersen, Camilla Liv Erthmann ; Lund, Anne-Sofie Q. ; Køster, Brian ; Hansen, Gitte Laub

Background : High red and processed meat intakes are associated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The effect of eliminating or reducing red and processed meat consumption on CRC burden was not previously quantified in Denmark. The aim of this study was to calculate the possible effects of reductions in red and processed meat consumption on future CRC incidence in the Danish adult population. Methods : Under six scenarios of prevalence exposure (meat consumption) the number of CRC [...]