A partir d'une revue de la littérature (36 études incluant au total 12 975 patients), cette méta-analyse évalue l'efficacité, pour arrêter le tabagisme, de courtes interventions comportementales délivrées dans le cadre de la médecine générale

A meta-analysis of brief tobacco interventions for use in integrated primary care

Jennifer M Wray, Ph.D. ; Jennifer S Funderburk, Ph.D. ; John D Acker, M.S. ; Laura O Wray, Ph.D. ; Stephen A Maisto, Ph.D.

Introduction : The integration of behavioral health services in primary care (PC) settings presents an opportunity to enhance the delivery of tobacco cessation interventions in the PC setting, but guidance on evidence-based treatments for tobacco use disorder that fit the brief format of integrated primary care (IPC) is limited. This meta-analysis summarizes the outcomes of brief behavioral interventions targeting tobacco use that can be delivered in IPC settings. Methods : A literature search [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature (48 études), cette étude analyse les facteurs empêchant l'adhésion aux traitements médicamenteux pour arrêter le tabagisme

Adherence to pharmacological smoking cessation interventions : A literature review and synthesis of correlates and barriers

Lauren R Pacek, Ph.D. ; F Joseph McClernon, Ph.D. ; Hayden B Bosworth, Ph.D.

Introduction : Efficacious pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation are available, but poor adherence to these treatments may limit these interventions overall impact. In order to improve adherence to smoking cessation interventions, it is first necessary to identify and understand smoker-level characteristics that drive nonadherence (i.e., nonconformance with a provider’s recommendation of timing, dosage, or frequency of medication-taking during the prescribed length of time). [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès d'une cohorte de 38 812 personnes âgées de 45 ans ou plus, cette étude française évalue l'association entre la consommation de substances anti-oxydantes (vitamines C et E, sélénium, bêta-carotène, ...) issues de l'alimentation ou d'une supplémentation, et le risque de développer un cancer digestif

Antioxidant intake from diet and supplements and risk of digestive cancers in middle-aged adults : results from the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort

Egnell, Manon ; Fassier, Philippine ; Lécuyer, Lucie ; Gonzalez, Rebeca ; Zelek, Laurent ; Vasson, Marie-Paule ; Hercberg, Serge ; Latino-Martel, Paule ; Galan, Pilar ; Druesne-Pecollo, Nathalie ; Deschasaux, Mélanie ; Touvier, Mathilde

Experimental studies : suggest beneficial effects of antioxidants in digestive cancer prevention. However, epidemiological results are contrasting and few studies quantitatively assessed supplemental intake. This study aimed at investigating the associations between antioxidant intakes (dietary, supplemental and total) and digestive cancer risk. This prospective study included 38 812 middle-aged subjects (≥45 years) from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–2016). Dietary data were collected using [...]

Menée auprès d'une cohorte de 922 896 participants âgés de 28 à 94 ans (durée maximale de suivi : 30 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la quantité de café consommée quotidiennement et le risque de décès par cancer (118 738 cas)

Associations of Coffee Drinking and Cancer Mortality in the Cancer Prevention Study-II

Gapstur, Susan M. ; Anderson, Rebecca L. ; Campbell, Peter T. ; Jacobs, Eric J. ; Hartman, Terryl J. ; Hildebrand, Janet S. ; Wang, Ying ; McCullough, Marjorie L.

Background : Associations of coffee consumption with cancer mortality are inconsistent for many types of cancer, and confounding by smoking is an important concern. Methods : Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted HRs for coffee consumption associated with death from all cancers combined and from specific cancer types among 922,896 Cancer Prevention Study-II participants ages 28–94 years who completed a four-page questionnaire and were cancer free at [...]

Cet article passe en revue les facteurs alimentaires pouvant jouer un rôle dans la prévention des cancers du sein

The potential contribution of dietary factors to breast cancer prevention

Shapira, Niva

Breast cancer (BC), the leading cancer in women, is increasing in prevalence worldwide, concurrent with western metabolic epidemics, that is, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, and shares major risk factors with these diseases. The corresponding potential for nutritional contributions toward BC prevention is reviewed and related to critical stages in the life cycle and their implications for carcinogenic and pathometabolic trajectories. BC initiation potentially involves diet-related [...]

Menée in vitro et à partir de 86 puis 120 échantillons de tissu leucoplasique de la cavité buccale, cette étude analyse l'intérêt de cibler le récepteur Met à tyrosine kinase dans la chimioprévention d'un cancer de la cavité buccale

Met Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and Chemoprevention of Oral Cancer

Saintigny, Pierre ; William, Jr William N. ; Foy, Jean-Philippe ; Papadimitrakopoulou, Vassiliki ; Lang, Wenhua ; Zhang, Li ; Fan, You Hong ; Feng, Lei ; Kim, Edward S. ; El-Naggar, Adel K. ; Lee, J. Jack ; Mao, Li ; Hong, Waun Ki ; Lingen, Mark W. ; Lippman, Scott M.

Background : We have previously shown that gene expression profiles of oral leukoplakia (OL) may improve the prediction of oral cancer (OC) risk. To identify new targets for prevention, we performed a systematic survey of transcripts associated with an increased risk of oral cancer and overexpressed in OC vs normal mucosa (NM). Methods : We used gene expression profiles of 86 patients with OL and available outcomes from a chemoprevention trial of OC and NM. MET expression was evaluated using [...]

Menée à partir des données 2005-2014 de l'"Euromonitor International", de la Banque mondiale et de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, cette étude analyse, pour 28 pays européens, les effets d'une élévation du prix des cigarettes sur leur consommation, les recettes issues de la taxation du tabac et le nombre de décès liés au tabagisme

The effects of a rise in cigarette price on cigarette consumption, tobacco taxation revenues, and of smoking-related deaths in 28 EU countries-- applying threshold regression modelling

Yeh, Chun-Yuan ; Schafferer, Christian ; Lee, Jie-Min ; Ho, Li-Ming ; Hsieh, Chi-Jung

Background : European Union public healthcare expenditure on treating smoking and attributable diseases is estimated at over €25bn annually. The reduction of tobacco consumption has thus become one of the major social policies of the EU. This study investigates the effects of price hikes on cigarette consumption, tobacco tax revenues and smoking-caused deaths in 28 EU countries. Methods : Employing panel data for the years 2005 to 2014 from Euromonitor International, the World Bank and the [...]

Menée auprès de 33 volontaires sains, cette étude détermine le rôle de la nicotine et des substances non nicotiniques émises par la cigarette électronique dans les effets sur le système nerveux sympathique observés lors de l'utilisation fréquente de ce dispositif

Sympathomimetic Effects of Acute E-Cigarette Use : Role of Nicotine and Non Nicotine Constituents

Moheimani, Roya S. ; Bhetraratana, May ; Peters, Kacey M. ; Yang, Benjamin K. ; Yin, Fen ; Gornbein, Jeffrey ; Araujo, Jesus A. ; Middlekauff, Holly R.

Background : Chronic electronic (e) cigarette users have increased resting cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. The purpose of the present study is to determine the role of nicotine versus non-nicotine constituents in e-cigarette emissions in causing these pathologies in otherwise healthy humans. Methods and Results : Thirty three healthy volunteers who were not current e-cigarette or tobacco cigarette smokers were studied. On different days, each [...]

Menée à l'aide de simulations intégrant notamment des données de mortalité, cette étude estime, chez les femmes présentant une mutation BRCA1 ou BRCA2 et ayant subi une mastectomie prophylactique, la probabilité de développer un cancer du sein ou de décéder avant 80 ans en fonction de l'âge à la mastectomie

The expected benefit of preventive mastectomy on breast cancer incidence and mortality in BRCA mutation carriers, by age at mastectomy

Giannakeas, Vasily ; Narod, Steven A.

Purpose : Preventive breast surgery is offered to unaffected BRCA mutation carriers to prevent breast cancer incidence and mortality. The clinical benefit of preventive mastectomy can be measured in several ways, including extension of life expectancy (mean years of life gained) and by estimating the probability of surviving until age 80. We sought to estimate the expected benefit of a preventive mastectomy at various ages, using these indices of mortality, by simulating hypothetical cohorts of [...]