Menée aux Etats-Unis par enquêtes auprès de 1 042 participants, cette étude longitudinale analyse l'association entre l'utilisation d'un test génétique en vente libre, comportant des informations sur le risque personnel de cancer, et les changements de comportements de santé

Personal Genomic Testing for Cancer Risk: Results From the Impact of Personal Genomics Study

Stacy W. Gray ; Sarah E. Gollust ; Deanna Alexis Carere ; Clara A. Chen ; Angel Cronin ; Sarah S. Kalia ; Huma Q. Rana ; Mack T. Ruffin IV ; Catharine Wang ; J. Scott Roberts ; Robert C. Green

Purpose : Significant concerns exist regarding the potential for unwarranted behavior changes and the overuse of health care resources in response to direct-to-consumer personal genomic testing (PGT). However, little is known about customers’ behaviors after PGT. Methods : Longitudinal surveys were given to new customers of 23andMe (Mountain View, CA) and Pathway Genomics (San Diego, CA). Survey data were linked to individual-level PGT results through a secure data transfer process. Results : [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juillet 2016 (20 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la quantité de noix consommée quotidiennement et la mortalité spécifique ou la mortalité toutes causes confondues ainsi que le risque de cancer ou de maladie cardiovasculaire

Nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Aune, Dagfinn ; Keum, NaNa ; Giovannucci, Edward ; Fadnes, Lars T. ; Boffetta, Paolo ; Greenwood, Darren C. ; Tonstad, Serena ; Vatten, Lars J. ; Riboli, Elio ; Norat, Teresa

Background : Although nut consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, data on less common causes of death has not been systematically assessed. Previous reviews missed several studies and additional studies have since been published. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Methods : PubMed and Embase were [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études sur l'efficacité de stratégies consistant à délivrer localement un agent pharmaceutique pour réduire le risque de carcinogenèse tout en limitant la toxicité du traitement

A Way Forward for Cancer Chemoprevention : Think Local

Al Rabadi, Luai ; Bergan, Raymond

As cells progress through carcinogenesis, the associated exponential expansion of genetic and molecular aberrations and resultant heterogeneity make therapeutic success increasingly unattainable. Therapeutic intervention at early stages of carcinogenesis that occurs within the primary organ and in the face of a lower burden of molecular aberrations, constitutes a basic tenet of cancer chemoprevention, and provides a situation that favors a greater degree of therapeutic efficacy compared with [...]

Mené sur 100 patients présentant un risque élevé de mélanome, cet essai de phase II évalue l'efficacité d'une seule dose de N-acétyl cystéine, administrée par voie orale, pour protéger les nævi mélanocytaires du stress oxydant induit par les ultraviolets

A Phase II Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral N-acetylcysteine for Protection of Melanocytic Nevi against UV-Induced Oxidative Stress In Vivo

Cassidy, Pamela B. ; Liu, Tong ; Florell, Scott R. ; Honeggar, Matthew ; Leachman, Sancy A. ; Boucher, Kenneth M. ; Grossman, Douglas

Oxidative stress plays a role in UV-induced melanoma, which may arise from melanocytic nevi. We investigated whether oral administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could protect nevi from oxidative stress in vivo in the setting of acute UV exposure. The minimal erythemal dose (MED) was determined for 100 patients at increased risk for melanoma. Patients were randomized to receive a single dose (1,200 mg) of NAC or placebo, in double-blind fashion, and then one nevus was [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en décembre 2015 (18 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de vitamine A, de rétinol ou de caroténoïdes et le risque de cancer du pancréas

Association between vitamin A, retinol and carotenoid intake and pancreatic cancer risk : Evidence from epidemiologic studies

Huang, Xiaoyi ; Gao, Yisha ; Zhi, Xiaosong ; Ta, Na ; Jiang, Hui ; Zheng, Jianming

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with poor prognosis. The association between vitamin A, retinol and carotenoid intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer occurrence remains controversial, and therefore it is necessary to make a meta-analysis to clarify the association between vitamin A, retinol and carotenoid intake and pancreatic cancer risk. In the present study, PubMed and EMBASE databases were used to identify qualified studies. The association between dietary vitamin A, retinol [...]

Menée à partir de données endoscopiques portant sur 6 546 hommes participant à l'essai "Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention" (âge : 50 ans ou plus), cette étude évalue l'effet d'une supplémentation en sélénium ou en vitamine E sur le risque d'adénome colorectal (2 286 cas)

Colorectal Adenomas in Participants of the SELECT Randomized Trial of Selenium and Vitamin E for Prostate Cancer Prevention

Lance, Peter ; Alberts, David S. ; Thompson, Patricia A. ; Fales, Liane ; Wang, Fang ; San Jose, Jerilyn ; Jacobs, Elizabeth T. ; Goodman, Phyllis J. ; Darke, Amy K. ; Yee, Monica ; Minasian, Lori ; Thompson, Ian M. ; Roe, Denise J.

Selenium and vitamin E micronutrients have been advocated for the prevention of colorectal cancer. Colorectal adenoma occurrence was used as a surrogate for colorectal cancer in an ancillary study to the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) for prostate cancer prevention. The primary objective was to measure the effect of selenium (as selenomethionine) on colorectal adenomas occurrence, with the effect of vitamin E (as α-tocopherol) supplementation on colorectal adenoma [...]

Menée sur des lignées cellulaires de carcinome épidermoïde de la cavité buccale et à l'aide de xénogreffes sur des modèles murins, cette étude évalue la capacité du fenrétinide (un dérivé de la vitamine A), du 2-méthoxyestradiol (un métabolite de l'estradiol) et du tocilizumab (un anticorps anti récepteur IL-6R) à supprimer les processus de signalisation inopportuns ainsi que les processus de tumorigenèse

Benefits of Multifaceted Chemopreventives in the Suppression of the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Tumorigenic Phenotype

Mallery, Susan R. ; Wang, Daren ; Santiago, Brian ; Pei, Ping ; Schwendeman, Steven P. ; Nieto, Kari ; Spinney, Richard ; Tong, Meng ; Koutras, George ; Han, Brian ; Holpuch, Andrew ; Lang, James

Over one third of patients who have undergone oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) surgical resections develop life-threatening and often untreatable recurrences. A variety of drugs, intended for management of recurrent or disseminated cancers, were designed to exploit cancer cells’ reliance upon overexpressed receptors and gratuitous signaling. Despite their conceptual promise, clinical trials showed these agents lacked efficacy and were often toxic. These findings are consistent with evasion [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête en ligne réalisée en février et novembre 2014 auprès d'un échantillon représentatif de la population canadienne incluant 3 784 puis 1 608 parents d'au moins un garçon âgé de 9 à 16 ans, cette étude évalue le taux de couverture vaccinale contre le papillomavirus humain chez les garçons, puis analyse l'intention des parents de faire vacciner leur enfant contre ce virus

Psychosocial determinants of parental human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine decision-making for sons : Methodological challenges and initial results of a pan-Canadian longitudinal study

Perez, Samara ; Tatar, Ovidiu ; Shapiro, Gilla K. ; Dubé, Eve ; Ogilvie, Gina ; Guichon, Juliet ; Gilca, Vladimir ; Rosberger, Zeev

Background : HPV vaccination decision-making is a complex process that is influenced by multiple psychosocial determinants. Given the change in policy recommendation to include males in routine HPV vaccination, our goals were to assess the HPV vaccination uptake in Canada, to understand where Canadian parents were situated in the HPV vaccine decision-making process for their son, how they changed over time and which psychosocial determinants were relevant for this process. Methods : We used an [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (18 études), cette étude identifie les facteurs associés à la décision des parents de faire vacciner ou non leur fils adolescent contre le papillomavirus humain

Factors associated with parents’ attitudes to the HPV vaccination of their adolescent sons

Radisic, Gorjana ; Chapman, Janine ; Flight, Ingrid ; Wilson, Carlene

Objective : The objective of the study was to identify factors associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine acceptability in parents of adolescent boys. This information is critical to the development of approaches to optimise HPV vaccine uptake among this population group. Methods : We performed a systematic search of the literature in addressing factors influencing parental attitudes to and beliefs about HPV vaccine and its acceptability for use. The findings were organised within the [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir d'une enquête en ligne auprès de 924 fumeurs, cette étude analyse leurs perceptions vis-à-vis d'avertissements sanitaires graphiques comportant des photographies et des témoignages de personnes atteintes de pathologies liées au tabac

Potential Effectiveness of Pictorial Warning Labels That Feature the Images and Personal Details of Real People

Brennan, Emily ; Maloney, Erin ; Ophir, Yotam ; Cappella, Joseph N.

Introduction : Pictorial warning labels (PWL) that use photographs and the personal details of real people whose health has been affected by smoking (testimonial PWL) provide factual information about the consequences of tobacco use. Methods : 924 adult current smokers participated in an online experiment that tested responses to four types of warning labels: 1) non-testimonial text warning labels (TWL) (currently on packs in the United States); 2) non-testimonial PWL (previously proposed by [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 601 fumeurs (âge moyen : 50 ans ; 72,6 % d'hommes), cette étude évalue, du point de vue de la proportion de fumeurs ayant décidé de participer à un programme de sevrage tabagique, l'intérêt de paquets de cigarettes avec avertissements sanitaires graphiques

Do cigarette graphic warnings encourage smokers to attend a smoking cessation programme : a quasi-experimental study

Guydish, Joseph ; Tajima, Barbara ; Le, Thao ; Henderson, Catherine ; Yip, Deborah ; Gruber, Valerie ; Garcia, Wayne ; Delucchi, Kevin L.

Objective : This study assessed whether exposure to cigarette graphic warning labels (GWLs) increased attendance to a smoking cessation programme. Method : From 2014 to 2016, alternating cohorts of smokers in 3 residential drug treatment programmes received either GWLs (experimental) or transparent (control) labels placed on their cigarette packs for 30 days. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants who chose to attend a smoking cessation group after the labelling period. Results [...]

Menée au Canada auprès de 854 patientes atteintes d'un cancer épithélial de l'ovaire et auprès de 2 139 témoins (âge : 40 ans ou plus), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation, avant la première grossesse à terme, de contraceptifs oraux combinés et une réduction du risque de cancer épithélial de l'ovaire

Combined oral contraceptive use before the first birth and epithelial ovarian cancer risk

Cook, Linda S. ; Pestak, Claire R. ; Leung, Andy C. Y. ; Steed, Helen ; Nation, Jill ; Swenerton, Kenneth ; Gallagher, Richard ; Magliocco, Anthony ; Köbel, Martin ; Brooks-Wilson, Angela ; Le, Nhu

Background : Combined oral contraceptive (COC) use reduces epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk. However, little is known about risk with COC use before the first full-term pregnancy (FFTP). Methods : This Canadian population-based case–control study (2001–2012) included 854 invasive cases/2139 controls aged greater than or equal to 40 years who were parous and had information on COC use. We estimated odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for study site, age, parity, [...]