Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir d'une enquête réalisée entre 2014 et 2015 auprès d'un échantillon de 1 504 parents d'adolescents âgés de 11 à 17 ans et auprès de 776 médecins généralistes, cette étude analyse la performance de 15 messages, destinés à la communication des médecins avec les parents, pour inciter ces derniers à faire vacciner leur enfant contre le papillomavirus humain

Messages to Motivate Human Papillomavirus Vaccination : National Studies of Parents and Physicians

Malo, Teri L. ; Gilkey, Melissa B. ; Hall, Megan E. ; Shah, Parth D. ; Brewer, Noel T.

Background : Physician communication about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a key determinant of uptake. To support physician communication, we sought to identify messages that would motivate HPV vaccination. Methods : From 2014 to 2015, we surveyed national samples of parents of adolescents ages 11 to 17 (n = 1,504) and primary care physicians (n = 776). Parents read motivational messages, selected from nine longer messages developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and [...]

Menée en population australienne, cette étude évalue l'association entre le résultat de tests génétiques de susceptibilité au syndrome de Lynch et des changements de comportements, notamment vis-à-vis du recours à une coloscopie de dépistage ou à l'arrêt du tabac

The Impact of Receiving Predictive Genetic Information about Lynch Syndrome on Individual Colonoscopy and Smoking Behaviors

Kim, Joanne Soo-Min ; Coyte, Peter C. ; Cotterchio, Michelle ; Keogh, Louise A. ; Flander, Louisa B. ; Gaff, Clara ; Laporte, Audrey

Background: This study investigated whether receiving the results of predictive genetic testing for Lynch syndrome, indicating the presence or absence of an inherited predisposition to various cancers, including colorectal cancer, was associated with change in individual colonoscopy and smoking behaviors, which could prevent colorectal cancer. Methods: The study population included individuals with no previous diagnosis of colorectal cancer, whose families had already identified deleterious [...]

Menée en Chine auprès de 753 patients atteints d'un carcinome épidermoïde de l'œsophage ou d'un adénocarcinome du cardia gastrique et auprès de 947 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre les niveaux sériques de la vitamine B et le risque de développer ces maladies

Prospective study of serum B vitamins levels and oesophageal and gastric cancers in China

Ren, Jiansong ; Murphy, Gwen ; Fan, Jinhu ; Dawsey, Sanford M. ; Taylor, Philip R. ; Selhub, Jacob ; Qiao, Youlin ; Abnet, Christian C.

B vitamins play an essential role in DNA synthesis and methylation, and may protect against oesophageal and gastric cancers. In this case-cohort study, subjects were enrolled from the General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial in Linxian, China. Subjects included 498 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), 255 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCAs), and an age- and sex-matched sub-cohort of 947 individuals. Baseline serum riboflavin, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), folate, vitamin B12, and [...]

Cet article passe en revue les stratégies permettant de délivrer localement un médicament dans la chimioprévention de certains cancers (peau, sein, poumon, côlon, rectum, voies aérodigestives supérieures et vessie)

A Way Forward for Cancer Chemoprevention : Think Local

Al Rabadi, Luai ; Bergan, Raymond

As cells progress through carcinogenesis, the associated exponential expansion of genetic and molecular aberrations and resultant heterogeneity make therapeutic success increasingly unattainable. Therapeutic intervention at early stages of carcinogenesis that occur within the primary organ and in the face of a lower burden of molecular aberrations, constitutes a basic tenet of cancer chemoprevention, and provides a situation that favors a greater degree of therapeutic efficacy compared to that [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin d'anémie de Fanconi, cette étude montre que la metformine, un antidiabétique oral, améliore l'hématopoïèse et retarde le développement de tumeurs

Metformin improves defective hematopoiesis and delays tumor formation in Fanconi anemia mice

Zhang, Qing-Shuo ; Tang, Weiliang ; Deater, Matthew ; Phan, Ngoc ; Marcogliese, Andrea N. ; Li, Hui ; Al-Dhalimy, Muhsen ; Major, Angela ; Olson, Susan ; Monnat, Raymond J. ; Grompe, Markus

Fanconi anemia is an inherited bone marrow failure disorder associated with a high incidence of leukemia and solid tumors. Bone marrow transplantation is currently the only curative therapy for the hematopoietic complications of this disorder. However, long-term morbidity and mortality remain very high and new therapeutics are badly needed. Here we show that the widely used diabetes drug metformin improves hematopoiesis and delays tumor formation in Fancd2-/- mice. Metformin is the first [...]

Menée en Finlande à partir de données portant sur 6 537 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate diagnostiqué entre 1996 et 2009 et à partir des données de la base nationale des prescriptions (durée médiane de suivi : 7,5 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation, avant ou après diagnostic, de digoxine ou de sotalol (deux antiarythmiques) et la survie spécifique

Digoxin and prostate cancer survival in the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer

Kaapu, Kalle J. ; Murtola, Teemu J. ; Talala, Kirsi ; Taari, Kimmo ; Tammela, Teuvo L. J. ; Auvinen, Anssi

Background : Protective effects have been suggested for digoxin against prostate cancer risk. However, few studies have evaluated the possible effects on prostate cancer-specific survival. We studied the association between use of digoxin or beta-blocker sotalol and prostate cancer-specific survival as compared with users of other antiarrhythmic drugs in a retrospective cohort study. Methods : Our study population consisted of 6537 prostate cancer cases from the Finnish Randomized Study of [...]

Mené auprès de 6 546 hommes, cet essai évalue l'effet d'une supplémentation en sélénium ou en vitamine E sur le risque d'adénome colorectal (2 286 cas)

Colorectal Adenomas in Participants of the SELECT Randomized Trial of Selenium and Vitamin E for Prostate Cancer Prevention

Lance, Peter ; Alberts, David S. ; Thompson, Patricia A. ; Fales, Liane ; Wang, Fang ; San Jose, Jerilyn ; Jacobs, Elizabeth T. ; Goodman, Phyllis J. ; Darke, Amy K ; Yee, Monica ; Minasian, Lori ; Thompson, Ian M. ; Roe, Denise J.

Selenium and vitamin E micronutrients have been advocated for the prevention of colorectal cancer. Colorectal adenoma occurrence was used as a surrogate for colorectal cancer in an ancillary study to the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) for prostate cancer prevention. The primary objective was to measure the effect of selenium (as selenomethionine) on colorectal adenomas occurrence, with the effect of vitamin E (as alpha tocopherol) supplementation on colorectal adenoma [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant la possibilité, en inhibant le ligand RANKL, de prévenir un cancer du sein lié à une mutation constitutionnelle du gène BRCA1

Can we prevent BRCA1-associated breast cancer by RANKL inhibition?

Kotsopoulos, Joanne ; Singer, Christian ; Narod, Steven A.

BRCA1 mutation carriers face a high lifetime risk of breast cancer, estimated at 60 % compared to 10 % in the general population. BRCA1 breast cancers typically have an aggressive course (i.e., high-grade, triple-negative) and are associated with a poor prognosis. At present, primary prevention is limited to prophylactic removal of the unaffected breasts. Effective chemopreventive strategies are not yet available. Emerging evidence suggests that BRCA1 mutation carriers have high circulating [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide de xénogreffes de carcinome épidermoïde de la cavité buccale sur un modèle murin, cette étude évalue les effets chimiopréventifs du fenrétinide, du 2-méthoxyestradiol et du tocizulumab, en combinaison ou non, sur la tumorigenèse, puis identifie les mécanismes d'action

Benefits of Multifaceted Chemopreventives in the Suppression of the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Tumorigenic Phenotype

Mallery, Susan R. ; Wang, Daren ; Santiago, Brian ; Pei, Ping ; Schwendeman, Steven ; Nieto, Kari ; Spinney, Richard ; Tong, Meng ; Koutras, George ; Han, Byungdo B ; Holpuch, Andrew S. ; Lang, James C

Over 1/3 of patients who have undergone oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) surgical resections develop life-threatening and often untreatable recurrences. A variety of drugs, intended for management of recurrent or disseminated cancers, were designed to exploit cancer cells' reliance upon overexpressed receptors and gratuitous signaling. Despite their conceptual promise, clinical trials showed these agents lacked efficacy and were often toxic. These findings are consistent with evasion of [...]

Menée à partir des données de trois vagues d'enquêtes téléphoniques réalisées sur la période 2011-2013 auprès d'un échantillon de 4 500, 4 003 puis 4 001 personnes de l'Etat de Victoria (Australie), cette étude analyse, en fonction de leur statut tabagique, l'évolution de leur niveau d'acceptation de l'introduction du paquet de cigarettes neutre et de l'augmentation de la taille des avertissements sanitaires graphiques

Change in public support for the introduction of plain packaging and new, enlarged graphic health warnings in the Australian state of Victoria, 2011–2013

Hayes, Linda ; Wakefield, Melanie A ; Bain, Emily

Introduction : Since December 2012, all Australian tobacco products have been supplied in packaging that is a standardised drab brown colour with uniform fonts. The implementation of plain packaging coincided with the introduction of refreshed graphic health warnings (GHWs) that increased in size from 30% to 75% of the pack face, with coverage of the pack rear maintained at 90%.1 A slight rise in opposition to plain packaging among Australian smokers was reported immediately prior to [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir des données de trois enquêtes nationales de santé portant sur un échantillon de 78 229 fumeurs adultes, cette étude identifie les facteurs socio-démographiques et comportementaux associés à quatre catégories de tabagisme

Determinants of Light and Intermittent Smoking in the U.S.: Results from Three Pooled National Health Surveys

Reyes-Guzman, Carolyn M. ; Pfeiffer, Ruth M. ; Lubin, Jay ; Freedman, Neal D. ; Cleary, Sean D. ; Levine, Paul H ; Caporaso, Neil E.

Background : Light and/or intermittent smokers have been the fastest growing segment of cigarette smokers in the U.S. over the past two decades. Defining their behavioral characteristics is a critical public health priority. Materials and Methods : Our sample included 78,229 U.S. adults from three pooled contemporary population-based surveys: the 2012 NHIS, 2012 NSDUH, and 2011-2012 NHANES. We classified current smokers into four categories (light and intermittent [LITS], light-daily, [...]