Menée à partir des données de deux vagues d'enquêtes réalisées en 2012 puis 2014 auprès de 26 751 et 26 792 participants adultes, cette étude analyse, dans 27 pays de l'Union européenne, l'évolution de l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique, les perceptions vis-à-vis de ce produit, puis identifie les facteurs associés à son utilisation

Two-year trends and predictors of e-cigarette use in 27 European Union member states

Filippidis, Filippos T ; Laverty, Anthony A ; Gerovasili, Vasiliki ; Vardavas, Constantine I

Objective : This study assessed changes in levels of ever use, perceptions of harm from e-cigarettes and sociodemographic correlates of use among European Union (EU) adults during 2012–2014, as well as determinants of current use in 2014. Methods : We analysed data from the 2012 (n=26 751) and 2014 (n=26 792) waves of the adult Special Eurobarometer for Tobacco survey. Point prevalence of current and ever use was calculated and logistic regression assessed correlates of current use and changes [...]

A partir des données de 13 études incluant 8 925 patients atteints d'un cancer de la tête et du cou et 12 527 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre 5 indicateurs de l'hygiène buccale (nombre de visites annuelles chez le dentiste, brossage de dents quotidien, etc) et le risque de cancer de la tête et du cou

The role of oral hygiene in head and neck cancer: Results from International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium

Hashim, D. ; Sartori, S. ; Brennan, P. ; Curado, M.P. ; Wünsch-Filho, V. ; Divaris, K. ; Olshan, A.F. ; Zevallos, J.P. ; Winn, D.M. ; Franceschi, S. ; Castellsagué, X. ; Lissowska, J. ; Rudnai, P. ; Matsuo, K. ; Morgenstern, H. ; Chen, Chu ; Vaughan, T.L. ; Hofmann, J.N. ; D'Souza, G. ; Haddad, R.I. ; Wu, H. ; Lee, Y-C. ; Hashibe, M. ; La Vecchia, C. ; Boffetta, P.

Background : Poor oral hygiene has been proposed to contribute to head and neck cancer (HNC) risk although causality and independency of some indicators are uncertain. This study investigates the relationship of five oral hygiene indicators with incident HNCs. Methods : In a pooled analysis of 8,925 HNC cases and 12,527 controls from 13 studies participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium, comparable data on good oral hygiene indicators were harmonized. These [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (33 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de céréales complètes et la mortalité toutes causes confondues ou le risque de décès par cancer ou par maladie cardiovasculaire

Whole-grain intake and total, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Chen, Guo-Chong ; Tong, Xing ; Xu, Jia-Ying ; Han, Shu-Fen ; Wan, Zhong-Xiao ; Qin, Jia-Bi ; Qin, Li-Qiang

Background : The potential role of whole grain in preventing various mortality outcomes has been inconsistently reported in a wealth of prospective observational studies. Objective : We evaluated the relations between whole-grain intake and risks of dying from any cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer through a meta-analytic approach. Design : Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases and bibliographies of retrieved full publications. Summary RRs with [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en janvier 2016 (11 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de céréales complètes et la mortalité toutes causes confondues ou le risque de décès par cancer ou par maladie cardiovasculaire

Whole-grain consumption and the risk of all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality : a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Wei,Honglei ; Gao,Zong ; Liang,Rui ; Li,Zengqiang ; Hao,Hong ; Liu,Xu

Results of the relationships between dietary whole-grain consumption and the risk of all-cause, CVD and cancer-specific mortality are mixed. We summarised the evidence based on a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Pertinent studies were identified by searching articles in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases up to 20 January 2016 and by reviewing the reference lists of the retrieved articles. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary relative risks (SRR) and 95 % CI. In all, [...]

Cet article passe en revue les différentes approches médicamenteuses permettant de prévenir les cancers

Cancer prevention and interception : a new era for chemopreventive approaches

Albini, Adriana ; DeCensi, Andrea ; Cavalli, Franco ; Costa, Alberto

At several recent, internationally attended scientific meetings, including the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)'s "Shaping the Future of Cancer Prevention: A Roadmap for Integrative Cancer Science and Public Health" summit in Leesburg (VA) and the AACR Annual Meeting in New Orleans, the focus on cancer prevention to reduce cancer deaths was extensively discussed with renewed attention and emphasis. Cancer prevention should be actively proposed even to healthy individuals, and not [...]

Menée en Norvège à partir de données portant sur 23 162 patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal diagnostiqué entre 2004 et 2011 (durée médiane de suivi : 3 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'aspirine après diagnostic de la maladie et une amélioration de la survie spécifique et de la survie globale

Aspirin As Secondary Prevention in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: An Unselected Population-Based Study

Bains, Simer J. ; Mahic, Milada ; Myklebust, Tor Åge ; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova ; Yaqub, Sheraz ; Dørum, Liv Marit ; Bjørnbeth, Bjørn Atle ; Møller, Bjørn ; Brudvik, Kristoffer Watten ; Taskén, Kjetil

Purpose : Regular use of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is associated with reduced incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, aspirin as primary prevention is debated because of the risk of hemorrhagic adverse effects. Aspirin as secondary prevention may be more justified from a risk-benefit perspective. We have examined the association between aspirin use after the diagnosis of CRC with CRC-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Materials and Methods : An [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant l'efficacité et les mécanismes d'action de l'aspirine dans la chimioprévention du cancer colorectal

The Role Of Aspirin In Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention

Singh Ranger, Gurpreet

Considerable interest has emerged over the last decade regarding the role of aspirin in prevention of colorectal cancer. This disease is one of the commonest cancers in the Western World, therefore, the existence of a simple “everyday” agent, which could have the ability to prevent the disease, represents an invaluable opportunity clinicians may be able to exploit. Evidence from case-control and cohort studies, and recent updates of randomised controlled trials have been very encouraging [...]

Mené sur 4 cohortes incluant au total 47 patientes infectées par le papillomavirus humain de type 16 et/ou de type 18 et ne présentant pas d'anomalie cytologique du col utérin (âge : 18 à 45 ans), cet essai de phase I évalue la tolérabilité et l'immunogénicité d'un vaccin bivalent en combinaison avec l'imiquimod appliqué sur le site de l'injection

GTL001, A Therapeutic Vaccine for Women Infected with Human Papillomavirus 16 or 18 and Normal Cervical Cytology: Results of a Phase I Clinical Trial

Van Damme, Pierre ; Bouillette-Marussig, Myriam ; Hens, Annick ; De Coster, Ilse ; Depuydt, Christophe ; Goubier, Anne ; Van Tendeloo, Viggo ; Cools, Nathalie ; Goossens, Herman ; Hercend, Thierry ; Timmerman, Benedikt ; Bissery, Marie-Christine

Purpose : Women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) with normal cytology to mild abnormalities currently have no treatment options other than watchful waiting or surgery if high-grade cervical lesions or cancer develop. A therapeutic vaccine would offer the possibility of preventing high-grade lesions in HPV-infected women. GTL001 is a therapeutic vaccine composed of recombinant HPV16 and HPV18 E7 proteins fused to catalytically inactive Bordetella pertussis CyaA. This study examined the [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée avant juillet 2015 (6 articles), cette étude analyse l'efficacité d'interventions d'aide au sevrage tabagique dans le cadre de programmes de dépistage du cancer du poumon par tomographie numérique à faible dose de rayonnements

Smoking Cessation Interventions within the Context of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Lung Cancer Screening : A Systematic Review

Piñeiro, Bárbara ; Simmons, Vani N. ; Palmer, Amanda M. ; Correa, John B. ; Brandon, Thomas H.

The integration of smoking cessation interventions (SCIs) within the context of lung cancer screening programs is strongly recommended by screening guidelines, and is a requirement for Medicare coverage of screening in the US. In Europe, there are no lung cancer screening guidelines, however, research trials are ongoing, and prominent professional societies have begun to recommend lung cancer screening. Little is known about the types and efficacy of SCIs among patients receiving low-dose [...]