Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de questionnaires auprès de 1 694 lycéens n'ayant jamais fumé, cette étude évalue l'association entre le fait d'utiliser la cigarette électronique ou d'évoluer dans un environnement social favorable à ce produit durant l'adolescence et le risque de comportement tabagique à l'âge adulte

The E-cigarette Social Environment, E-cigarette Use, and Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoking

Barrington-Trimis, Jessica L. ; Berhane, Kiros ; Unger, Jennifer B. ; Cruz, Tess Boley ; Urman, Robert ; Chou, Chih Ping ; Howland, Steve ; Wang, Kejia ; Pentz, Mary Ann ; Gilreath, Tamika D. ; Huh, Jimi ; Leventhal, Adam M. ; Samet, Jonathan M. ; McConnell, Rob

Purpose : One concern regarding the recent increase in adolescent e-cigarette use is the possibility that electronic (e-) cigarettes may be used by those who might not otherwise have used cigarettes, and that dual use, or transition to cigarette use alone, may follow. Methods : Questionnaire data were obtained in 2014 from 11th/12th grade students attending schools in 12 communities included in the Southern California Children's Health Study. We evaluated the cross-sectional association between [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant le rôle potentiel et les mécanismes d'action des probiotiques dans la prévention et le traitement des cancers

The Potential Role of Probiotics in Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Yu, Ai-Qun ; Li, Lianqin

The human gut microbiota has a significant effect on many aspects of human physiology such as metabolism, nutrient absorption, and immune function. Imbalance of the microbiota has been implicated in many disorders including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, asthma, psychiatric illnesses, and cancers. As a kind of functional foods, probiotics have been shown to play a protective role against cancer development in animal models. Clinical application of probiotics indicated that some probiotic [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en mars 2016 (12 études), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation d'agrumes et le risque de cancer de l'œsophage ou de l'estomac

An update of the WCRF/AICR systematic literature review on esophageal and gastric cancers and citrus fruits intake

Vingeliene, Snieguole ; Chan, Doris S. M. ; Aune, Dagfinn ; Vieira, Ana R. ; Polemiti, Elli ; Stevens, Christophe ; Abar, Leila ; Rosenblatt, Deborah Navarro ; Greenwood, Darren C. ; Norat, Teresa

Purpose : The 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research expert report concluded that foods containing vitamin C probably protect against esophageal cancer and fruits probably protect against gastric cancer. Most of the previous evidence was from case–control studies, which may be affected by recall and selection biases. More recently, several cohort studies have examined these associations. We conducted a systematic literature review of prospective studies on citrus [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 1 434 participants, cette étude évalue l'effet d'une supplémentation en sélénium ou en vitamine E sur le risque de cancer de la prostate de haut grade (278 cas) en fonction de la présence de polymorphismes à simple nucléotide sur des gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme ou le transport de ces deux substances

Selenium- or vitamin E-related gene variants, interaction with supplementation, and risk of high-grade prostate cancer in SELECT

Chan, June M ; Darke, Amy K. ; Penney, Kathryn L. ; Tangen, Catherine M. ; Goodman, Phyllis J. ; Lee, Gwo-Shu Mary ; Sun, Tong ; Peisch, Sam ; Tinianow, Alex M. ; Rae, James M ; Klein, Eric A. ; Thompson, Ian M. ; Kantoff, Philip W. ; Mucci, Lorelei A.

Background : Epidemiological studies and secondary analyses of randomized trials supported the hypothesis that selenium and vitamin E lower prostate cancer risk. However, the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) showed no benefit of either supplement. Genetic variants involved in selenium or vitamin E metabolism or transport may underlie the complex associations of selenium and vitamin E. Methods : We undertook a case-cohort study of SELECT participants randomized to placebo, [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de questionnaires auprès de 125 152 participants (durée de suivi : 2 895 704 personnes-années), cette étude évalue l'association entre un régime alimentaire riche en acides gras oméga-3 polyinsaturés ayant pour origine des produits de la mer et le risque de cancer colorectal selon le sous-type de lymphocytes T infiltrant la tumeur

Marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and risk of colorectal cancer characterized by tumor-infiltrating t cells

Song, M. ; Nishihara, R. ; Cao, Y. ; et al.,

Importance : Marine

Menée en Chine à partir de questionnaires auprès de 70 578 participantes (âge : 40 à 70 ans ; durée médiane de suivi : 13,2 ans), cette étude évalue, selon leur statut ménopausique au diagnostic, l'association entre la consommation de soja à l'adolescence et à l'âge adulte et le risque de cancer du sein par sous-type moléculaire (ER, PR, HER2)

The association of soy food consumption with the risk of subtype of breast cancers defined by hormone receptor and HER2 status

Baglia, Michelle L. ; Zheng, Wei ; Li, Honglan ; Yang, Gong ; Gao, Jing ; Gao, Yu-Tang ; Shu, Xiao-Ou

Soy food intake has previously been associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Epidemiological evidence for subgroups of breast cancer, particularly by menopausal and hormone receptor status, is less consistent. To evaluate the role of hormone receptor and menopausal status on the association between soy food intake and breast cancer risk, we measured usual soy food intake in adolescence and adulthood via food frequency questionnaire in 70,578 Chinese women, aged 40–70 years, recruited to the [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 90 476 participantes âgées de 27 à 44 ans (période de suivi : 1991-2013), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de fruits et de légumes à l'adolescence ou au début de l'âge adulte et le risque de cancer du sein (3 235 cas)

Fruit and vegetable consumption in adolescence and early adulthood and risk of breast cancer : population based cohort study

Farvid, Maryam S ; Chen, Wendy Y ; Michels, Karin B ; Cho, Eunyoung ; Willett, Walter C ; Eliassen, A Heather

Objective : To evaluate the association between fruit and vegetable intake during adolescence and early adulthood and risk of breast cancer. Design Prospective : cohort study. Setting : Health professionals in the United States. Participants : 90 476 premenopausal women aged 27-44 from the Nurses’ Health Study II who completed a questionnaire on diet in 1991 as well as 44 223 of those women who completed a questionnaire about their diet during adolescence in 1998. Main outcome measure : [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude met en évidence l'effet chimiopréventif d'un dérivé phosphoré de l'aspirine sur la carcinogenèse du pancréas

Phospho-aspirin (MDC-22) prevents pancreatic carcinogenesis in mice

Mattheolabakis, George ; Papayannis, Ioannis ; Yang, Jennifer ; Vaeth, Brandon M. ; Wang, Ruixue ; Bandovic, Jela ; Ouyang, Nengtai ; Rigas, Basil ; Mackenzie, Gerardo G.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a deadly disease with a dismal 5-year survival rate of <6%. The currently limited treatment options for PC underscore the need for novel chemopreventive and therapeutic agents. Accumulating evidence indicates that aspirin use is associated with a decreased risk of PC. However, the anticancer properties of aspirin are restricted by its gastrointestinal toxicity and its limited efficacy. Therefore, we developed phospho-aspirin (PA; MDC-22), a novel derivative of aspirin, [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin de cancer colorectal lié à une colite, cette étude met en évidence un mécanisme par lequel le disulfure de diallyle, en inhibant la kinase GSK-3beta, inactive le facteur nucléaire NF-kappa

Diallyl Disulfide (DADS), a constituent of garlic, inactivates NFkappaB and prevents colitis-induced colorectal cancer by inhibiting GSK-3beta

Saud, Shakir M ; Li, Weidong ; Gray, Zane ; Matter, Matthias S ; Colburn, Nancy H ; Young, Matthew R. ; Kim, Young S

There is a strong belief that garlic has medicinal properties and may even reduce the risk of developing certain cancers including those of the gastrointestinal tract. The chemopreventive effects of garlic may be attributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of garlic's sulfur-containing constituents, which includes diallyl disulfide (DADS). Here we demonstrate that DADS prevented colorectal tumorigenesis in a mouse model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer. Supplementation with 85ppm of DADS [...]

Cet article présente les recommandations de l' "US Preventive Services Task Force" en matière d'interventions comportementales et pharmacothérapeutiques pour aider les femmes enceintes et les adultes à arrêter de fumer

Tobacco smoking cessation in adults and pregnant women: Behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions

Haddad, A. ; Davis, A. M.

Guideline title : Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults and Pregnant Women : Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions Developer US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) Release date October 20, 2015 Prior versions April 21, 2009; November 13, 2003 Funding source US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Target population All adults aged 18 years or older, including pregnant women Major recommendations Ask all adults about tobacco use; if using, advise patients to quit. Provide [...]

A partir des données d'études néo-zélandaise, américaine, britannique ou turque portant sur 16 630 participants, cette méta-analyse évalue, du point de vue de l'abstinence tabagique auto-rapportée, l'efficacité d'interventions d'aide au sevrage tabagique par SMS

Participant-level meta-analysis of mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation across different countries

Ybarra, Michele L. ; Jiang, Yannan ; Free, Caroline ; Abroms, Lorien C. ; Whittaker, Robyn

With meta-analysis, participant-level data from five text messaging-based smoking cessation intervention studies were pooled to investigate cessation patterns across studies and participants. Individual participant data (N = 8315) collected in New Zealand (2001–2003; n = 1705), U.K. (2008–2009; n = 5792), U.S. (2012; n = 503; n = 164) and Turkey (2012; n = 151) were collectively analyzed in 2014. The primary outcome was self-reported 7-day continuous abstinence at 4 weeks post-quit day. [...]