A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en décembre 2014 (23 essais incluant au total 3 239 cas), cette méta-analyse évalue l'effet de l'activité physique sur le niveau sérique des hormones sexuelles, un facteur associé au risque de cancer du sein

Effect of physical activity on sex hormones in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Ennour-Idrissi, Kaoutar ; Maunsell, Elizabeth ; Diorio, Caroline

Introduction : Exposure to high levels of endogenous estrogens is a main risk factor for breast cancer in women, and in observational studies was found to be inversely associated with physical activity. The objective of the present study is to determine the effect of physical activity interventions on sex hormone levels in healthy women. Methods : Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL), from inception to December 2014, and reference lists of relevant reviews and clinical trials were [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 66 806 hommes et femmes âgés de 50 à 76 ans (durée moyenne de suivi : 6,8 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de magnésium et le risque de cancer du pancréas (151 cas)

Magnesium intake and incidence of pancreatic cancer: the VITamins and Lifestyle study

Dibaba, Daniel ; Xun, Pengcheng ; Yokota, Kuninobu ; White, Emily ; He, Ka

Background : Studies document that magnesium is inversely associated with the risk of diabetes, which is a risk factor of pancreatic cancer. However, studies on the direct association of magnesium with pancreatic cancer are few and findings are inconclusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between magnesium intake and pancreatic cancer incidence in a large prospective cohort study. Method : A cohort of 66 806 men and women aged 50–76 years at baseline who [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude met en évidence l'effet inhibiteur de deux rexinoïdes sur le processus d'inflammation et la carcinogenèse du poumon

The rexinoids LG100268 and LG101506 inhibit inflammation and suppress lung carcinogenesis in A/J mice

Cao, Martine ; Royce, Darlene B. ; Risingsong, Renee ; Williams, Charlotte R. ; Sporn, Michael B. ; Liby, Karen T.

LG101506 was originally synthesized to overcome some of the undesirable side effects of rexinoids. We compared the anti-carcinogenic action of LG101506 and LG100268, and for the first time showed that both drugs are useful for prevention of lung cancer in A/J mice. These molecules markedly reduced tumor number, tumor size, and total tumor burden, when chronically administered to A/J mice that had been initiated with the mutagenic carcinogen, vinyl carbamate. Moreover, LG100268 synergized with [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en mars 2015 (48 essais incluant au total 271 161 patientes), cette méta-analyse évalue le rapport bénéfices/risques de différents agents médicamenteux (inhibiteurs d'aromatase, modulateurs sélectifs du récepteur des estrogènes, tibolone) dans la chimioprévention des cancers primitifs du sein

Breast Cancer Chemoprevention: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Mocellin, Simone ; Pilati, Pierluigi ; Briarava, Marta ; Nitti, Donato

Background : Several agents have been advocated for breast cancer primary prevention. However, few of them appear effective, the associated severe adverse effects limiting their uptake. Methods : We performed a comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the ability of chemoprevention agents (CPAs) to reduce the incidence of primary breast carcinoma. Using network meta-analysis, we ranked CPAs based simultaneously on efficacy and acceptability (an inverse measure [...]

Menée auprès de 206 participants, cette étude évalue, en fonction du statut tabagique, l'influence du design des paquets de cigarettes sur la perception des dangers du tabagisme véhiculés par des images sanitaires

Influence of cigarette package brand on the emotional impact of tobacco-warning images that cover 30% of cigarette packs in smokers and non-smokers

Gantiva, Carlos ; Guerrero, Lorena ; Rico, Andrea ; Ramírez, Natalia ; Díaz, Maite ; González, Miyer ; Romo-González, Tania

Introduction : Research on the emotional impact of tobacco-warning images (TWIs) has not evaluated the role of context (i.e., cigarette packs) as a modulator of the emotional response to TWIs. The objective of the present study was to identify the influence of the cigarette package brand on the emotional impact of TWIs that cover 30% of cigarette packs in smokers and non-smokers using a specific methodology for the study of emotion. Methods : The participants included 95 smokers and 111 [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni à partir d'une enquête en ligne réalisée en 2014 auprès de 325 professionnels de la santé sexuelle, cette étude analyse leurs attitudes vis-à-vis de l'utilisation, chez les hommes homosexuels, de la vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain pour prévenir le risque de cancer de l'anus

Sexual healthcare professionals' views on HPV vaccination for men in the UK

Nadarzynski, Tom ; Smith, Helen E. ; Richardson, Daniel ; Ford, Elizabeth ; Llewellyn, Carrie D.

Background : Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for men could prevent anal cancers amongst men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods : An e-survey of attitudes towards vaccination for men in the UK was conducted in July–August 2014. Results : Among 325 sexual health professionals, 14% were already vaccinating men against HPV, 83% recommended gender-neutral HPV vaccination and 65% recommended targeting MSM. Over 50% reported having poor knowledge about the use of HPV vaccine for MSM and the [...]

Mené sur 320 adolescents âgés de 14 à 17 ans et fumant au moins 6 cigarettes par jour, cet essai randomisé évalue, du point de vue du taux de sevrage tabagique confirmé par dosage urinaire de la cotinine et dosage du monoxyde de carbone exhalé, l'efficacité du bupropion en fonction de l'observance thérapeutique

Adolescent Smoking Cessation With Bupropion: The Role of Adherence

Leischow, Scott J. ; Muramoto, Myra L. ; Matthews, Eva ; Floden, Lysbeth L. ; Grana, Rachel A.

Introduction : While many medications can be effective aids to quitting tobacco, real world adherence to smoking cessation medications may render a potentially effective medication ineffective. The present study investigated the role of adherence on treatment outcomes in a bupropion dose-response study among adolescent smokers trying to quit smoking. Methods : Three hundred twelve adolescent boys (n = 143) and girls (n = 169) between the ages of 14–17 were enrolled in the study, and were [...]

Mené aux Pays-Bas auprès de 2 099 participants, cet essai randomisé compare, du point de vue du taux d'abstinence tabagique à 12 mois, l'efficacité d'interventions informatisées comportant des messages audiovisuels ou textuels personnalisés

Effectiveness of video- versus text-based computer-tailored smoking cessation interventions among smokers after one year

Stanczyk, N. E. ; de Vries, H. ; Candel, M. J. J. M. ; Muris, J. W. M. ; Bolman, C. A. W.

Background : In western countries smoking prevalence rates are high among smokers unmotivated to quit and those with a lower socioeconomic status (LSES). Multiple computer tailoring and the use of audio-visual aids may improve such interventions and increase cessation in LSES smokers. This study assessed the 12-month effectiveness of a video- and text-based computer-tailored intervention. Methods : A randomized controlled trial in the Netherlands was used in which smokers were allocated to the [...]

Menée en Floride à partir d'un questionnaire auprès de 765 fumeurs ou anciens fumeurs adultes, cette étude estime la valeur marchande qu'ils attribueraient à la cigarette électronique si elle proposait ou non chacune des caractéristiques suivantes : disponibilité des arômes, efficacité pour arrêter le tabagisme, nocivité plus faible par rapport aux cigarettes, utilisation autorisée dans les lieux publics

Quantifying how smokers value attributes of electronic cigarettes

Nonnemaker, James ; Kim, Annice E ; Lee, Youn Ok ; MacMonegle, Anna

Introduction : Rates of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use have increased quickly among US adults (3.3% in 2010 to 8.5% in 2013) and youth (4.5% in 2013 to 13.4% in 2014). As state and local governments consider regulatory policies, understanding what smokers believe about e-cigarettes and how they value e-cigarettes is important. Methods : Using data from a convenience sample of Florida adult smokers (N=765), we investigated the value smokers place on specific attributes of e-cigarettes [...]

Menée sur 42 701 puis 20 324 participants (durée maximale de suivi : 28 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre un système de score, mesurant le degré d'adhésion à des comportements de santé, et le risque de cancer fatal de la prostate (913 cas au total)

Development and Application of a Lifestyle Score for Prevention of Lethal Prostate Cancer

Kenfield, Stacey A. ; Batista, Julie L. ; Jahn, Jaquelyn L. ; Downer, Mary Kathryn ; Van Blarigan, Erin L. ; Sesso, Howard D. ; Giovannucci, Edward L. ; Stampfer, Meir J. ; Chan, June M.

Background : Several lifestyle factors have been associated with risk of lethal prostate cancer, but little is known about their combined effect. Our objective was to develop and apply a lifestyle score for prevention of lethal prostate cancer. Methods : We developed a lifestyle score among 42 701 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) followed from 1986 to 2010 and applied it among 20 324 men in the Physicians’ Health Study (PHS) followed from 1982 to 2010. One point was given [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur 61 924 femmes appartenant à un milieu socio-économique défavorisé et ayant des antécédents familiaux de cancer du sein ou de l'ovaire, puis menée à l'aide d'un modèle mathématique, cette étude estime sur le long terme la proportion de cancers mammaires ou ovariens évités dans cette catégorie de population grâce au dépistage de mutations BRCA1/BRCA2

Prediction of Cancer Prevention: From Mammogram Screening to Identification of BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers in Underserved Populations

Robinson, Linda S. ; Hendrix, Ashley ; Xie, Xian-Jin ; Yan, Jingsheng ; Pirzadeh-Miller, Sara ; Pritzlaff, Mary ; Read, Parker ; Pass, Sarah ; Euhus, David ; Ross, Theodora S.

Background : The US Preventative Service Task Force recommends that physicians perform a genetic risk assessment to identify women at risk for BRCA1/2 mutations associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome. However, outcomes data after a diagnosis of HBOC syndrome especially in diverse populations, are minimal. Here we asked if genetic screening of high-risk underserved women identified in the mammogram population reduces cancer incidence. Methods : We evaluated 61,924 [...]